4. Objectives
By the end of my 30 minutes presentation the participants
will be able to;
Describe the basic pathophysiology of bone metabolism
Enlist the steps of diagnosis of osteomalacia
Describe the treatment plan of osteomalacia
Elaborate preventive strategies
9. Vitamin D(Functions)
*Intestinal Calcium
absorption
*Re-absorption of
Calcium from Kidneys
*Interaction with PTH
in regulation of blood
Calcium
*Mineralization of Bone
11. Pathophysiology
Inadequately mineralized bone
The hardness and rigidity of bone is
due to the presence of mineral salt in
the osteoid matrix, which is a
crystalline complex of calcium and
phosphate (hydroxyapatite).
So deficiency of this hydroxyapatite
leads to osteomalcia.
18. Findings ..
Low serum Vit. D
Low serum and urine Ca levels
Elevated Serum and urinary Alkaline Phosphatase
Low serum phosphate except in case of Renal
Osteodystrophy
Elevated PTH due to low calcium
19.
20. Radiological findings
Fractures.
Pseudofractures, also called Looser’s Zones.
Codfish vertebrae.
Protrusio Acetabuli, a hip joint disorder.
26. Complications
Respiratory: Infections or atelectasis due to chest
deformities.
GIT: Constipation
Bony deformities: Or fractures
Anemia: Due to chronic infection or deficiencies.
28. Continue…
Pharmacological treatment
Nutritional osteomalacia responds well to
administration of 10,000 IU weekly of Vit. D for 4-6
weeks.
Osteomalacia due to malabsorption may require
treatment by injection or oral dosing of significant
amounts of Vitamin D.
Calcium and phosphorus supplements.
29. Elderly
• Dec exposure to sunlight
• Less dietry calcium
Defective
mineraliza
tion
• Thinning of bones
Presenta
tion
• Bone pains, muscle weakness
Manage
ment
• Supplements and sun exposure
30. Question ..
Which statement is true regarding Vit-D function
Increase GI Calcium and phosphate absorp
Only phophate absorption
Only calcium absorption
Normal daily requirment of calcium is 1000 mg / day. . .. 99% of calcium is present in the bone
This 10 microgram is equal to 400 IU / day
Hypophosphotasia diagnosis >> 24 hours urine assay for phosphoethanolamine , a substrate for tissue non specific alkaline phosphatase, whose excretion is always elevated in hypophosphatasia.