medical guide

1. SPECIAL EDUCATION
VISUAL DISABILITY AND
IMPAIRMENT

3.  VISUAL DISORDER:
It refers to anatomical changes in the visual organs caused by
diseases of eye
 VISUAL DISABILITY :
it refers to vision related changes in the skill and abilities of
an individual
 VISUAL IMPAIRMENT: refers to functional loss that results
from visual disorder
 VISUAL HANDICAP: refers to psychosocial and economic
consequences of visual loss such as independence and
inability of work

4.  TYPES OF BLINDNESS
 partial blindness
 Complete blindness
1:Partial blindness: it means very limited vision the person with
partial blindness cannot see at normal viewing distance
Types:
Hyperopia
Myopia
Colour blind
• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe

8.  COMPLETE BLINDNESS:
It means disability of a person to see anything
The person with complete blindness cannot see light
 SYMPTOMS :
• Head ache while reading
• Hold reading material close
• Uncomfortable in sunlight
• Double or triple vision
• Pain and pressure in eye
• Redness in eye
• Colour become faded

9.  CAUSES :
SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS
 Diabetes
 Hypertension (high blood pressure)
 Cerebrovascular disease or stroke
 Atherosclerotic disease (cholesterol deposits in blood
vessels, including those of the eye)
 Vitamin A deficiency
 Infections involving the eyes

10.  SPECIFIC CAUSES :
 Macular degeneration - degeneration of central part of retina
 Cataracts- clouding of lens of eye
 Glaucoma – damage to the nerve connecting eye to brain
 Eye injury
 Tumors involving eye

11.  TREATMENT:
 VISUAL AIDS
 Special equipments
 Corrective lens or glasses
 Smart cane
 Screen magnifier
 Braille keyboard
 Control of diabetes and blood pressure
 Vitamin A intake
 Occupational therapy
 Sensory awareness and mobility training
 Laser treatment
 surgery