Several ancient religious texts and philosophers throughout history have proposed theories on the origin of the universe. The book of Genesis describes God creating the universe in six days, while the Hindu text Rigveda depicts an oscillating universe emerging from a single point. Early Greek philosophers proposed primordial theories of the original state being a mixture that separated, and an atomic universe composed of indivisible atoms. More recent scientists like Newton, Einstein and Hubble contributed models of static or expanding universes based on observations and equations. The prevailing theory today is the Big Bang, where the universe rapidly expanded from an infinitely dense point, though oscillating universe and multiverse theories also exist.

1. THEORIES ON
THE ORIGIN OF
THE UNIVERSE

2. HOW DID
EVERYTHING IN THE
UNIVERSE COME TO
EXIST?

3. THE NARRATIVE FROM
GENESIS
•One of the books of Hebrew bible
and Christian old testament,
described how God separated light
from darkness, created the sky, land
, sea, moon, stars, and every living
creature in a span of six days.

4. HINDU TEXT RIGVEDA
•Describes the universe as an
oscillating universe in which a
“cosmig egg” or Brahmanda,
containing the whole universe,
expands out of single concentrated
point called Bindu, and eventually
collapse again.

5. PRIMORDIAL THEORY/
UNIVERSE
•The Greek philosopher Anaxagoras
believed that the original state of
cosmos was a mixture of all
ingredients, which existed in
infinitesimally small fragments of
themselves.

6. ATOMIC UNIVERSE
•Belief of Greek philosophers
Leuccipus and Democritus,
that the universe was
composed of very small ,
indivisible and indestructible
atoms.

7. BELIEF OF STOIC
PHILOSOPHER
•Believed that the universe is
like a giant living body, with the
sun and the stars as the most
important parts to which all the
other parts are interconnected.

8. RENÉ DESCARTES UNIVERSE
•His model involved a
system of huge swirling
whirlpools of fine matter
producing what would later
be called gravitational
effects.

9. ISAAC NEWTON
UNIVERSE
•Published his Principia, which
described a static, steady-state
infinite universe. A universe with
matter on the large scale is
uniformly distributed and the
universe in gravitationally balanced
but essentially unstable.

10. ALBERT EINSTEIN UNIVERSE
•Like Newton’s, It was static,
dynamically stable universe, which
was neither expanding nor
extracting.
•He added a cosmological constant
to his general theory relativity
equations to counteract the dynamic
effects of the universe.

11. EDWIN HUBBLE
UNIVERSE
•The universe is not static. The
universe is continuously
expanding.

12. BIG BANG THEORY
•This theory describes the
universe as originating from an
infinitely tiny, infinitely dense
point or singularity.

14. OSCILLATING UNIVERSE
•Was Einstein favored model
after he rejected his own
original model.
•This theory followed the
general theory of relatively
equations of the universe with
positive curvature.

15. STEADY STATE THEORY
•Proposed by astronomer Fred
Hoyle, Thomas Gold and Herman
Bondi, predicted a universe that
expanded but did not change its
density; matter was inserted into
the universe as it expanded in
order to maintain a constant
density.

16. INFLATIONARY MODEL
•Alan Guth model based on Big
Bang. He incorporated a short,
early period of exponential
cosmic inflation in order to
solve the horizon and flatness
problem of the standard Big
Bang model.

17. •Another variation of the inflationary
universe is the cyclic model developed by
Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok in 2002,
incorporating the superstring theory

18. MULTIVERSE
• Russian-American physicist Andrei Linde
developed the inflationary universe with
chaotic inflation theory in 1983.
• This theory sees our universe as just one
many “bubbles” that grew as part of
multiverse.
• Hugh Everett III and Bryce DeWitt initially
developed popularized the “many worlds”
formulation of the multiverse.

19. ASSIGNMENT
•Fast Facts about the
Solar System