For more classes visit www.snaptutorial.com Question 1.1. (TCO 6) The 1914 assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was a factor in causing World War I. What else might be considered factors? (Points : 4) British and German competition for the largest global empire The arms race to create weapons to defend empires The power of nationalism, which suggested that one’s nation is superior to others All of the above

1. HIST 410N Week 7 Final Exam
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Question 1.1. (TCO 6) The 1914 assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian
throne was a factor in causing World War I. What else might be considered factors?
(Points : 4)
British and German competition for the largest global empire
The arms race to create weapons to defend empires
The power of nationalism, which suggested that one’s nation is superior to others
All of the above
Question 2.2. (TCO 6) The United States entered World War I because it (Points : 4)
had to honor alliance commitments.
desired to acquire territory, especially colonies.
was hostile to German submarine warfare and German militarism.
was interested in building up its military establishment.
Question 3.3. (TCO 5) Nicholas II of Russia abdicated the throne following (Points :
4)
the Bolshevik takeover.
the return of Lenin to Russia.
the failure of his troops to put down demonstrations in Petrograd.
Both A and B
Question 4.4. (TCO 5) What event marked the beginning of World War II? (Points : 4)
The Nazi-Soviet Pact
The German invasion of Poland
The Anschluss
Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland
Question 5.5. (TCO 9) The Cold War got hot, or flared up into actual fighting, in
(Points : 4)
Korea
Hungary
China

2. Italy
Question 6.6. (TCO 9) During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and the
Soviet Union were led by (Points : 4)
Reagan and Gorbachev.
Reagan and Khrushchev.
Kennedy and Castro.
Kennedy and Khrushchev.
Question 7.7. (TCO 8) What was the intention of the Marshall Plan? (Points : 4)
To rebuild the military power of western Europe
To help the Japanese economy recover from the war
To rebuild the economies of war-shattered Europe
To prevent the spread of Communism into Africa and Asia
Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Why did India become two countries after independence in
1947?
(Points : 4)
Mohandas Gandhi insisted on two nations.
The British government did not want a country dominated by Islam.
Hindu leaders feared discrimination in a Muslim-majority India.
Muslim leaders feared discrimination in a Hindu-majority India.
Question 9.9. (TCO 2) Gamal Nasser was (Points : 4)
a pan-Arabist, secular, national leader.
an advocate of fundamentalist Islam.
a Turkish leader.
a loyal ally of the United States.
Question 10.10. (TCO 2) This noted Israeli prime minister was the first female prime
minister of her country. (Points : 4)
Golda Meir
Margaret Thatcher
Indira Gandhi
None of the above
Question 11.11. (TCO 4) One problem that arose in East Germany after reunification
was (Points : 4)
the presence of U.S. troops.
lack of support for the EU.

3. a lack of national pride.
high unemployment.
Question 12.12. (TCO 4) The only Eastern European country that had widespread
bloodshed in 1989 was (Points : 4)
Romania
Czechoslovakia
Bulgaria
Poland
Question 13.13. (TCO 7) In the last part of the twentieth century, traditional religious
values have (Points : 4)
increased in much of the Islamic and Christian worlds.
disappeared everywhere.
stayed the same everywhere.
decreased in the West and Middle East.
Page 2
Question 1.1. (TCO 10) Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column
II.
(Points : 18)
Potential Matches:
1 : former dictator of Cuba
2 : onetime leader of Israel
3 : populist president of Argentina during the 1940s and 1950s
4 : onetime leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization
5 : black civil rights leader during the 1960s
Answers
5 : Martin Luther King
4 : Yasser Arafat
2 : Golda Meir
1 : Fidel Castro
3 : Juan Peron
Question 2.2. (TCO 3) Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column
II.
(Points : 18)
Potential Matches:
1 : policy of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev authorizing Soviet intervention in socialist
states to maintain communist rule
2 : Cold War collective security treaty linking the United States and Western Europe
3 : a global economic organization designed to encourage the influence of market
forces on world trade and production.
4 : the precursor to the European Union, a postwar system of economic integration
among western European states

4. 5 : an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have
become integrated
Answers
5 : Globalization
1 : NATO
4 : European Economic Community
2 : Brezhnev Doctrine
3 : World Trade Organization
1. (TCO 1, 2) Identify and analyze two causes of World War I. Use historical
examples to support your answer.
Of the various causes of World War I, which do you think was the most important and
why? (Points : 20)
Spellchecker
Certainly, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife is considered the
catalyst for the start of WWI, as the sides were drawn as to who was on the 'good' side
and who was on the 'bad' side. This assassination brought other items into play that
historians list as the main cause of the war. These included alliances, nationalism,
militarism and imperialism. This embroiled all of Europe as the US stayed out of it.
Probably the most important cause of world war-1 was a division of Europe into two
alliance. Triple alliance had Germany and Austria-Hungry. On another side, Triple
Entente had Britain, France, Russia. World war was fought between central powers
(Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman empire and Bulgaria) and Allied power: Itlay,
Britain, France, Russia and USA. All so called developed countries were divided into
the two groups and it coupled with imperialistic leanings led to world war-1.
Additional reasons for the War:
For the US, the sinking of the Lusitania was our flash point, when we knew we could
no longer stand idly by.
Rivalry for colonies: European countries were trying to capture the colonies in Africa,
Asia and the pacific. It automatically led to confrontations among these advanced
countries.
Loss of Alsace-Lorraine by France to Germany

5. Question 2. 2. (TCO 5, 11) Analyze how the stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles
that ended World War I, along with the Great Depression of the 1930s, contributed to
the outbreak of World War II.
Then analyze significant ways in which World War II changed the world. Make sure
you use enough historical details to support your answer. (Points : 20)
Spellchecker
The Treaty of Versailles was established to prevent further war by putting the total
blame on Germany for World War I and expecting them to repair the damages. This
treaty “represented the attempt of the victorious powers to regulate the new
international order that had emerged in Europe as a result of the outcome of World
War ”, (Keleher, E., Gould, L., 2015). The Treaty of Versailles was an unfair treaty
which Germany was forced to sign. This treaty which was supposed to establish long
time peace was a failure because Germany was made to accept the cost of the war and
was being forced to “repay” up to 35 million dollars to France and the British. When
they refused to do this the United States stepped in and helped France and Britain.
Germany’s territory was taken away and it’s military troops were limited in size.
Germany was very upset. Since the allies were blaming Germany they laid the “war
guilt” upon them too.
Along with leading to the rise of the Nazis, the Treaty of Versailles had quite
different results on France's and Britain's relations with Germany and each other.
Since they shared a long land border with Germany and had suffered a great deal in
the war, the French were much more nervous about a restless Germany and wanted to
keep its power limited. Therefore, in 1935, when Hitler announced that Germany
would rearm (they had already been doing so secretly for two years), France signed a
series of defensive pacts with Germany's neighbors to contain any future aggression
by Hitler. Among these pacts was one with the Soviet Union, which France saw as the
primary counterweight to German power.
The Great Depression affected Europe and the United States, as well as many
other countries. It literally decimated the economies of Europe and the United States.
In the United States and in western Europe, the pre-occupation with the domestic
economic crisis contributed to the political failure to meet the rising threat of fascism.
It caused countries to look at other alternatives. Germany was feeling lost, with many
of their valuable assets having been taken from them. This was fertile ground for the
emergence of the Nazis to rise to power in Germany, and a military clique to take over
in Japan. This set up the atmosphere for someone to rise as a leader, which is exactly
what Hitler did. Hilter, in turn, scrapped the Treaty of Versailles. The British try to
make a deal with Germany via Hitler, to cooperate. But Hitler breaks his promise
and begins World War II.
Brower, D. R. & Sanders. T. (2014) The World of the Twentieth Century (7th ed)
Keleher, E., Gould, L., (2015), Treaty of Versailles, Salem Press Encyclopedia.

6. Question 3. 3. (TCOs 9, 10) Identify and analyze the main events of the Korean War
and Cuban Missile Crisis. Then assess how these events affected the relationship
between the United States and the Soviet Union. Make sure you use enough details to
support your answer. (Points : 36)
Spellchecker
After World War I the Soviet Union felt they were desperately behind the United
States in the arms race. After they were defeated at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, Castro
was anticipating a second attack from the US so he teamed with the Soviet Union to
defend his island nation. So the Soviets teamed up with the Cuban Government and
built a military base in Cubs. Since Cuba was within intermediate range for ballistic
nuclear missiles this made sense. The United States gained knowledge of the missile
base being constructed in Cuba during a routine spy-plane surveillance. President
Kennedy immediately organized the EX-COMM team which was made of twelve of his
most important advisers. After seven days of debating what action to take, they
performed a military quarantine, poised and ready to attack if needed. They
surrounded Cuba by air and sea, not allowing anyone or anything to go in or out.
On October 22, Kennedy announced to the public the existence of the missile
installations in Cuba, and their decision to quarantine. He also announced that any
missile launched from Cuba would be viewed as an attack on the Soviet Union and the
United States.
On October 26th, the EX-COMM received a letter from Khrushchev announcing all
missiles would be removed from Cuba if the US would guarantee not to invade Cuba.
The US debated their reply.
Only one day later, on October 27, an American U-2 plane was shot down over Cuba.
A second letter was received from Khrushchev, demanding the US to remove all of its
missiles from Turkey in exchange for the removal of their missiles in Cuba. This was
the closest moment to when the Cold War almost turned into a nuclear war.
By the 28th, tension eased as Cuba announced they would dismantle all missile
installations in Cuba. Fortunately for all sides, the Soviet Union agreed to this and
did remove all missiles.
The Cuban Missile Crisis in October of 1962 brought the United States and the Soviet
Union to the brink of nuclear war. Reconnaissance photos taken on October 15th
showed missile bases being built by the Soviets in Cuba, 90 miles away from the coast
of the United States. This means there were nuclear plants being built in Cuba by the
Soviets. So it’s easy to see how this was staging another war had it not been
prevented.
The Korean War was important in the development of the Cold War, as it showed that
the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, could fight a "limited
war" in a third country. An example of this is the Vietnam War. The Korean War was
the first war in which the United Nations (UN) participated. It has been argued that it
showed that the UN was a powerful organization for helping to keep world peace. In
the US, it changed the structure of the American growth as a result of its financing.
The Korean War boosted GDP growth through government spending, which in turn
constrained investment and consumption, while taxes were raised significantly to
finance the war. The Korean War erupted on June 25, 1950, in the middle of the Cold

7. War, an international struggle between the US and the USSR for world domination of
their competing ideologies, Democracy/Capitalism versus Communism. While the
Soviet Union was never directly involved in the fighting, it did supply North Korea
military with weapons and supplies. On the other hand, the United States did commit
its own troops as part of a UN international peacekeeping force. In reality, the UN
force was in name only as the troops were made up of mostly American forces, with
some American allies. It was decided during the Korean War that the UN could be
used by the US as a foreign policy tool. (SparkNotes. n.d.).
SparkNotes Editors. (n.d.). SparkNote on The Korean War (1950-1953). Retrieved
April 20,
2017, from http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/koreanwar/
Question 4. 4. (TCOs 4, 8) Analyze how the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev led to the
breakup of the Soviet Union. Point out what events led to the ascendency of
Gorbachev to party leadership, and then identify and analyze Gorbachev's reforms.
Use specific details to support your answer. Then evaluate the relative success of
democracy and capitalism in Russia after the end of the Cold War. (Points : 36)
Spellchecker
Gorbachev arrived in Moscow in 1978. He soon became the overseer of Soviet
agriculture. The agriculture industry was suffering from farming issues. Although this
was true, Gorbachev had many friends in the Kremlin that helped him gain the
momentum he needed to climb to the pinnacle of power. He became the general
secretary of the Communist Party within 7 years. He showed he was a dynamic and
charismatic leader and already had a plan for economic and political reform. The
Soviet economy was in trouble. They had been spending up to 35% on the military.
They were becoming bankrupt.
Then Gorbachev introduced the policy of Glasnost and Perestroika (Openness and
Re-Structuring), in hopes of rebuilding the communist system. This policy would
release the reigns of all satellite countries to give them freedom to self-govern. He
then reduced the military leaned toward a more capitalist type system to try to
stimulate growth and development. He advocated Glasnost, allowing the people of all
ages to voice their concerns.
But the people criticized it and asked for another system to replace communism. They
felt they had been promised a “worker’s paradise”. But wages were stagnant, their
housing was poor, cars were few, and they could see the “good lifestyles” on West
TV-especially during the uncensored Olympics. The Soviet Youth were tired of being
told what they could and could not see in terms of films, what they could wear, or
what type of music they were allowed to listen to. However, Glasnost’ allowed them
to speak out against the regime; enabled them to listen to their own kind of music. In
the Republic, the people were also tired of being told what to do; they wanted to
govern themselves. They wanted more autonomy within the Soviet framework.
Because of Glasnost’ they were able to criticize and soon began to organize. Soon

8. they began protesting, demanding independence. Then with the collapse of the union
they got it.
Soon there was the failed coup of August 1991. This is when communist hard-
liners tried to remove Gorbachev from office. They replaced it with more Stalinist
system. It was within two months of this coup that the Soviet Union was no more.
After the war, the “party-state elite” no longer believed in communism. They saw
capitalism as the chance to gain the wealth that they saw the Western people earn.
This elite abandoned any pretense of communism from about 1989 onward. They set
up businesses, banks and took ownership of the enterprises where they worked.
Capitalism was a new world for them and finally the people were at peace.
Question 1.1. (TCO 6) The 1914 assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian
throne was a factor in causing World War I. What else might be considered factors?
(Points : 4)
British and German competition for the largest global empire
The arms race to create weapons to defend empires
The power of nationalism, which suggested that one’s nation is superior to others
All of the above
Question 2.2. (TCO 6) The United States entered World War I because it (Points : 4)
had to honor alliance commitments.
desired to acquire territory, especially colonies.
was hostile to German submarine warfare and German militarism.
was interested in building up its military establishment.
Question 3.3. (TCO 5) Nicholas II of Russia abdicated the throne following (Points :
4)
the Bolshevik takeover.
the return of Lenin to Russia.
the failure of his troops to put down demonstrations in Petrograd.
Both A and B
Question 4.4. (TCO 5) What event marked the beginning of World War II? (Points : 4)
The Nazi-Soviet Pact
The German invasion of Poland
The Anschluss
Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland

9. Question 5.5. (TCO 9) The Cold War got hot, or flared up into actual fighting, in
(Points : 4)
Korea
Hungary
China
Italy
Question 6.6. (TCO 9) During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and the
Soviet Union were led by (Points : 4)
Reagan and Gorbachev.
Reagan and Khrushchev.
Kennedy and Castro.
Kennedy and Khrushchev.
Question 7.7. (TCO 8) What was the intention of the Marshall Plan? (Points : 4)
To rebuild the military power of western Europe
To help the Japanese economy recover from the war
To rebuild the economies of war-shattered Europe
To prevent the spread of Communism into Africa and Asia
Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Why did India become two countries after independence in
1947? (Points : 4)
Mohandas Gandhi insisted on two nations.
The British government did not want a country dominated by Islam.
Hindu leaders feared discrimination in a Muslim-majority India.
Muslim leaders feared discrimination in a Hindu-majority India.
Question 9.9. (TCO 2) Gamal Nasser was (Points : 4)
a pan-Arabist, secular, national leader.
an advocate of fundamentalist Islam.
a Turkish leader.
a loyal ally of the United States.
Question 10.10. (TCO 2) This noted Israeli prime minister was the first female prime
minister of her country. (Points : 4)
Golda Meir
Margaret Thatcher
Indira Gandhi
None of the above

10. Question 11.11. (TCO 4) One problem that arose in East Germany after reunification
was (Points : 4)
the presence of U.S. troops.
lack of support for the EU.
a lack of national pride.
high unemployment.
Question 12.12. (TCO 4) The only Eastern European country that had widespread
bloodshed in 1989 was (Points : 4)
Romania
Czechoslovakia
Bulgaria
Poland
Question 13.13. (TCO 7) In the last part of the twentieth century, traditional religious
values have (Points : 4)
increased in much of the Islamic and Christian worlds.
disappeared everywhere.
stayed the same everywhere.
decreased in the West and Middle East.