Launch
a
successful
LTE
Footprints
in
Bangladesh
–
Challenges
&
Achievements
Faisal
Mobarak
Assistant
General
Manager,
Ollo
Wireless
Internet

Internet
in
Bangladesh
&
BIEL
4G
LTE

BIEL
is
working
in
Bangladesh
since
2007
with
ISP
license
having
one
of
the
Iirst
and
biggest
large-­‐scale
deployment
of
a
3.5
GHz
WiMAX
network.
Currently,
it
covers
major
areas
of
Dhaka
including
Uttara,
Gulshan,
Mohakhali,
Dhanmondi,
Motijheel
&
its
surrounding
areas.
BIEL
has
been
granted
BWA
License
according
to
the
BWA
guidelines
by
the
Bangladesh
Telecommunication
Regulatory
Authority
(BTRC)
in
Nov,
2013
BIEL
has
compiled
with
all
Iinancial
conditions
for
obtaining
BWA
Services
License
successfully
which
allows
BIEL
to
provide
BWA
Services
in
2.5-­‐2.6
MHz
spectrum
brand.

LTE
:
Long
Term
Evolution,
The
Basics

IMT
- Advance
4G
CDMA2000 Evolution
2001-2005 2006
HSDPA Phase I
1.8M/3.6Mbps
HSDPA Phase II
7.2/14.4Mbps
HSUPA
2M/5.76Mbps
LTE
DL:100Mbps
UL:50Mbps
GSM/GPRS
EDGE
171/384kbps
WCDMA
R99/R4
384kbps
WCDMA Evolution
2007 2008 2009
HSPA+
DL >40Mbps
UL >10Mbps
1xEV-DO Rev. 0
DL: 2.4Mbps
UL:153.6kbps
DO Rev. B
(MC DO)
DL：46.5Mbps
UL: 27Mbps
1xEV-D0 Rev. A
DL: 3.1Mbps
UL: 1.8Mbps
CDMA 1X
153kbps
2010 2011
IEEE802.16e
70Mbps
IEEE802.16m
DL:100Mbps
UL: 50Mbps
WiMAX Evolution
IEEE802.16d
20Mbps
Broadband
Trend
in
Wireless
Technology

4G
LTE
The
De6inition
LTE,
an
acronym
for
Long-­‐Term
Evolution,
commonly
marketed
as
4G
LTE,
is
a
standard
for
wireless
communication
of
high-­‐speed
data
for
mobile
phones
&
data
terminals.
It
is
based
on
the
GSM/EDGE
and
UMTS/HSPA
network
technologies,
increasing
the
capacity
and
speed
using
a
different
radio
interface
together
with
core
network
improvements.
Adoption
of
LTE
technology
as
of
February
15,
2014.
Countries
and
regions
with
commercial
LTE
service
Countries
and
regions
with
commercial
LTE
network
deployment
on-­‐going
or
planned
Countries
and
regions
with
LTE
trial
systems
(pre-­‐commitment)

4G
LTE
ARCHITECTURE
EPS
Network
Elements

4G
LTE
ARCHITECTURE
EPS
Node
Functionality

An
IP
packet
for
a
UE
is
encapsulated
in
an
EPC-­‐speci6ic
protocol
and
tunneled
between
the
P-­‐GW
and
eNodeB
for
transmission
to
the
UE.
Different
tunneling
protocols
are
used
across
different
interfaces.
A
3GPP-­‐speci6ic
tunneling
protocol
called
the
GPRS
Tunneling
Protocol
(GTP)
is
used
over
the
CN
interfaces,
S1
&
S5/S8.
The
E-­‐UTRAN
user
plane
protocol
stack
is
shown
as
blue
in
above
6igure,
consisting
of
the
Packet
Data
Convergence
Protocol
(PDCP),
Radio
Link
Control
(RLC)
and
Medium
Access
Control
(MAC)
sub
layers
that
are
terminated
in
the
eNodeB
on
the
network
side.
4G
LTE
PROTOCOL
ARCHITECTURE
User
plane
protocol
stack

The
protocol
stack
for
the
control
plane
between
the
UE
and
MME
is
shown
in
above
Figure.
The
blue
region
of
the
stack
indicates
the
AS
protocols.
The
lower
layers
perform
the
same
functions
as
for
the
user
plane
with
the
exception
that
there
is
no
header
compression
function
for
the
control
plane.
The
Radio
Resource
Control
(RRC)
protocol
is
known
as
“layer
3”
in
the
AS
protocol
stack.
It
is
the
main
controlling
function
in
the
AS,
being
responsible
for
establishing
the
radio
bearers
and
con6iguring
all
the
lower
layers
using
RRC
signaling
between
the
eNodeB
and
the
UE.
4G
LTE
PROTOCOL
ARCHITECTURE
Control
plane
protocol
stack

There
are
two
major
differences
between
TD-­‐LTE
and
LTE
FDD:
how
data
is
uploaded
and
downloaded,
and
what
frequency
spectra
the
networks
are
deployed
in.
While
LTE
FDD
uses
paired
frequencies
to
upload
and
download
data,
TD-­‐LTE
uses
a
single
frequency,
alternating
between
uploading
and
downloading
data
through
time.
The
ratio
between
uploads
&
downloads
on
a
TD-­‐LTE
network
can
be
changed
dynamically,
depending
on
whether
more
data
needs
to
be
sent
or
received.
TD-­‐LTE
and
LTE
FDD
also
operate
on
different
frequency
bands,
with
TD-­‐
LTE
working
better
at
higher
frequencies,
and
LTE
FDD
working
better
at
lower
frequencies.
Frequencies
used
for
TD-­‐LTE
range
from
1850
MHz
to
3800
MHz,
with
several
different
bands
being
used.
The
TD-­‐LTE
spectrum
is
generally
cheaper
to
access,
and
has
less
traf6ic.
Further,
the
bands
for
TD-­‐LTE
overlap
with
those
used
for
WiMAX,
which
can
easily
be
upgraded
to
support
TD-­‐LTE.
FDD
is
still
leading
the
game,
however.
Most
commercial
LTE
networks
are
based
on
FDD
because
the
FDD
ecosystem
is
more
mature
and
is
still
where
most
of
the
spectrum
allocation
is
done.
All
major
operators
around
the
world
are
already
acquiring
wide
bands
of
FDD
spectrum
for
their
4G
LTE
networks,
which
is
well
suited
for
voice
because
it
is
inherently
symmetric
in
the
UL
and
DL.
In
addition,
FDD
can
provide
better
coverage
of
a
larger
area
due
to
the
6ixed
DL/UL
on
different
frequencies.
4G
LTE
PROTOCOL
ARCHITECTURE
LTE-­‐FDD
vs
LTE-­‐TDD

4G
LTE
Deployment
:
Challenges

Problem
4G
LTE
DEPLOYMENT
:
CHALLENGES
WiMAX
to
LTE
Migration
Mitigation
Hot Swap
Easy Migration Mode
No Regulatory Issue
Existing Customer
New Rollout
CAPEX
Dual Mode
Minimum CAPEX
No Regulatory Issue
Capacity Reduce
Complex Network
Coexistence
Smooth Migration
No Customer Trouble
Regulatory Issue
OPEX

4G
LTE
DEPLOYMENT
:
CHALLENGES
WiMAX
to
LTE
Migration
WiMAX 4G LTE
WiMAX
4G LTE
WiMAX 4G LTE
WiMAX 4G LTEWiMAX

Problem
4G
LTE
DEPLOYMENT
:
CHALLENGES
Coding
scheme
&
bitrate
Mitigation

Problem
4G
LTE
DEPLOYMENT
:
CHALLENGES
QoS
Mitigation

Problem
4G
LTE
DEPLOYMENT
:
CHALLENGES
CPE
Price
Mitigation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Price
in
USD
Wimax
LTE
Use
of
SIM
FDD-­‐LTE
2.6
GHz
Economies
of
Scale

4G
LTE
Deployment
:
Testing

4G
LTE
Test
Methodologies
Ø Protocol
and
Functional
testing
Ø Load
and
Stress
testing
Ø Result
Checklist

4G
LTE
Test
Methodologies
End-­‐to-­‐end
LTE
Test
Topology

4G
LTE
Test
Methodologies
Protocol
and
Functional
testing
Protocol
and
functional
testing
involves
verifying
the
operation
of
elementary
procedures
de6ined
in
the
3GPP
speci6ications,
possibly
for
each
protocol
layer
individually,
or
the
complete
protocol
stack
as
a
whole.
For
example,
we
wanted
to
test
the
“Attach”
procedure
by
itself,
using
one
User
Equipment
(UE),
or
test
the
Tracking
Area
Update
(TAU)
procedure.
Each
and
every
step
of
the
procedure
analyzed
for
correctness
in
terms
of
the
signaling
6low
and
content
of
each
of
the
message
Information
Elements
(IEs).
Where
the
attach
procedure
fails,
additional
paths
were
considered.
Here,
we
conducted
“negative
testing”
in
which
conditions
are
generated
in
order
to
trigger
different
types
of
reactions.
The
failure
response
is
usually
a
rejected
procedure
with
an
appropriate
failure
code.
Examples
are
attach
attempts
with
missing
IEs,
or
in
the
improper
sequence.
We
executed
Protocol
and
functional
tests
during
the
network
design
and
early
QA
phases
of
LTE
deployment.

4G
LTE
Test
Methodologies
Load
and
Stress
testing
Stress
testing
involves
simulating
large
amounts
of
traf6ic
in
order
to
measure
performance,
capacity,
and
key
performance
indicators
(KPI)
for
quality
of
service
(QoS)
under
load
conditions.
Its
objective
was
to
stress
the
Test
User
Equipment
(UE)
for
both
performance
and
capacity.
Stress
dimensions
are
varied
including:
•
User
plane
traf6ic
•
Control
plane
traf6ic
The
use
of
control
and
user
plane
traf6ic,
or
a
combination
of
both,
depends
on
the
UE.
An
MME
or
Home
Subscriber
Server
(HSS)
demands
a
control
plane
load,
while
the
serving
gateway
(SGW)
and
packet
data
network
gateway
(PGW)
require
a
user
plane
load.
However,
since
the
SGW
and
PGW
are
responsible
for
both
user
and
control
plane
traf6ic,
we
used
a
mix
of
both
in
order
to
execute
a
realistic
test.

4G
LTE
Test
Methodologies
Load
and
Stress
testing
Control
Plane
Events
The
events,
performed
by
a
subscriber,
that
generate
control
plane
signaling.
The
most
signi6icant
control
plane
events
include:
•
Attach
•
Authentication
•
Session
establishment
•
Dedicated
bearer
establishment
and
deletion
•
Tracking
Area
Update
(TAU)
•
Service
request
•
Handover
•
Detach
User
Plane
TrafIic
These
events
determine
which
type
of
user
plane
traf6ic
will
6low
through
the
network
under
test.
The
most
common
types
of
user
plane
traf6ic
are:
•
http:
to
simulate
web
browsing,
Facebook,
etc
•
ftp:
for
6ile
transfers
•
OTT
video:
to
simulate
OTT
services
like
YouTube
•
On
demand
video
•
Conversational
video
•
DNS
•
Email:
IMAP,
POP3
and
SMTP
•
Instant
messaging

4G
LTE
Test
Methodologies
Result
Checklist
q Application
QoS
•
Download
times
•
Dedicated
bearer
vs
best
effort
traf6ic
•
GBR
vs
non-­‐GBR
traf6ic
q Control
plane
latencies
•
Attach
•
Session
establishment
•
Handover
•
Dedicated
bearer
establishment
q Packet
forwarding
performance
•
Latencies
•
TCP
connection
resets
•
TCP
retries
and
retransmissions
•
Lost
packets
q Throughput
q Capacity
•
Amount
of
active
UEs
•
Amount
of
active
bearers
q Policy
•
Application
of
rules
q DNS
•
Query
rates
•
Query
failures
q Service
availability
q Errors
•
Handover
failures
•
Session
establishment
failures
•
Dedicated
bearer
establishment
failures
•
Policy
installation
failures

4G
LTE
:
Achievements

4G
LTE
:
ACHIEVEMENTS
More
Devices

4G
LTE
:
ACHIEVEMENTS
More
Speed

4G
LTE
:
ACHIEVEMENTS
More
Throughput

4G
LTE
:
ACHIEVEMENTS
More
Coverage
600k
60k
50k
30k
30k
80k
150k

Please
send
your
feedback
to
-­‐
faisal.mobarak@ollo.com.bd