1. THE ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM

2. Concept 45.3
The endocrine and nervous systems act individually and
together in regulating animal physiology
 Coordination of Endocrine and  A prominently known gland the
Nervous Systems in pituitary gland is often known
Invertebrates as the “master” gland of the
 All animals except the simplest endocrine system. This is so
invertebrates' reproduction and because it controls the main
development are controlled by functions of all other glands.
the endocrine system.  The pituitary gland has 2 lobes
 For example in a molting the posterior and anterior
insect, a peptide pituitary. Both of which secrete
neurohormone from the insects different hormones.
endocrine  posterior= Oxytocin and
system, PTTH, promotes each antidiuretic hormone.
successful molt until it reaches  Anterior=
the final stage. prolactin, adrenocorticotropic
 Most hormonal glands are hormone, thyroid-stimulating
located in the brain of the hormone, follicle-stimulating
animal. hormone, luteinizing hormone

3. Pituitary System
Cross
sections of
the pituitary
gland, with a
labeled
drawing.

4. Concept 45.4
Endocrine glands respond to diverse stimuli in regulating
metabolism, homeostasis, development, and behavior
 Thyroid : consists of lobes on the
ventral side of the trachea.
 Thyroid hormone refers to a pair of
similar hormones known as
Triiodothyronine(T3) and
Thyroxine(T4), which have
corresponding iodine atoms T3 has
3 and T4 has 4.
 The thyroid mainly produces T4
atoms in humans but the body
changes them to T3 because
iodine is dedicated to the
production of the Thyroid hormone.
 Also a dietary iodine is a must.
This may be ingested by eating
seafood or iodized salts with out
this dietary iodine goiter may occur
which is a swelling in the neck.

5. Glands Con’t
 Parathyroid glands regulate  Adrenal glands are
the release of calcium into the associated with the kidneys.
body.  Made up of two parts, the
 Unregulated release of outer part known as the
calcium can result in organ adrenal cortex, and the
damage. central portion known as the
adrenal medulla.
 The adrenal gland also plays
a role in releasing adrenaline
(also known as epinephrine)
when the body senses
danger or is excited.

6. Sex Hormones
 Sex hormones affect
growth, development, and
reproductive cycles. The
gonads produce three
hormones which are all
produced in both genders just
in different
proportions, androgens, estro
gens, and testosterone.
 Testosterone is more
prominent in males hence the
deeper tone of voice.
 Estrogen is more prominent
in females hence larger
breasts and a higher pitched
voice

7. Some Disorders of the
Endocrine
 Diabetes
 Growth disorders
 Osteoporosis
 Thyroid disorders (ex. Thyroid cancer)

8. Works cited
 http://www.umm.edu
/endocrin/pitgland.ht
m