Psychoanalysis Essay

Essay about Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism
I strongly believe that every person who reads a book, listens to the radio, or watches a
program on television will make their own assumptions. I know I do. Most of us will ask, "Why
did the main character make that decision?" Or "What were they thinking?" Could it be that the
author of the story is protruding their own subconscious thoughts and beliefs through their
characters? Absolutely, most critics have adapted psychoanalytic literary criticism theory based
upon the works of psychoanalysis by famous psychologists Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and
Jacques Lacan to literary works. 'Psychoanalytic literary criticism does not constitute a unified
field....However, all variants endorse, at least to a certain...show more content...
"To discover [the author's] intention . . . I must
first discover the meaning and content of what is represented in his work; I must, in other words,
be able to interpret it" (Freud 212). The analysis is of the author, characters, audience and text. "A
Woman Like Me' written by Xi Xi from Hong Kong, in 1982 is about a woman who lied to her
boyfriend about her profession because she was afraid she would lose him. Her fear came about
when her aunt, the woman who taught her everything she knows about her profession explained her
own past when the man she loved left her for being a mortuary cosmetician. In "Swaddling Clothes"
written by Mishima Yukio from Japan in 1966, a young woman is haunted by fresh memories of her
unwedded wet nurse who gives birth in her home.
The vision of the child who is wrapped in newspaper by the doctor drives her to obsess about the
child's future. And lastly, "The Necklace" written by Guy de Maupassant from France in
1884, pertains to a woman who is unhappy with her life. She and her husband gets to attend a high
end social, in order to look her best she borrows what she thinks is an expensive necklace.
Soon after leaving the ball she discovers she loses the necklace. Thus, begins a ten year struggle to
replace the item.
In psychoanalyzing literary characters it's said that the characters are usually projections
of an author's own psyche. The theory is used to analyze the
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Evaluation of The Psychoanalytic Approach Essay
Evaluation of The Psychoanalytic Approach Sigmund Freud the founder of psychoanalysis
(1896–1939) worked on many ideas and cases that were to do with the mind and the body. Freud
spent most of his life in Vienna where he expressed and distinguished the concepts of the
unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression. Freud identified psychosexual stages, which are: –
Oral stage – (approx 0–2 years) During the first year of life the libido is gratified through
stimulation of the mucous membrane of the mouth (breast feeding, sucking behaviour). The child
will enjoy sucking and biting. Freud suggested that if a child is weaned too early or too late they
can have a fixation by using sucking...show more content...
However where did Freud provide this evidence that this is caused in later life if the child does not
pass through this stage sufficiently? Phallic stage (approx 3–6 years)– Child becomes aware of new
pleasures – playing with themselves. Girls and boys development takes a different path from this
stage as Freud believed that children now begin to have sexual feeling towards their parents and
that the same sex parent is now a rival. (Known as Oedipus complex). Boys feel hostile towards
their father as they fight for attention from their mothers. Boys feel that the father may castrate
them but then turn the other way and act the same way as their father in order to possess his
mother. This is where they learn the moral code of conduct and all sexual desire is now repressed.
For girls (Electra complex) realise that they don't have a penis and experience penis envy and
results in them looking at their mother as a rival. They do then identify with their mothers and
begin to demonstrate their behaviour and moral grounds. Any fixation in the philliac stage can lead
to obsession with power, authority a lack of feeling towards others and a variety of sexual problems.
Latency/puberty stage (6 years to puberty) – marks the beginning of adolescence. The period of
latency is characterized by indifference to sexually related matters. During this time, the child's

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Psychoanalysis
Introduction
Education can be described in countless definitions, but it is a vital factor in our everyday lives. One
of the definitions of education it is that it can be said to be a process of experience that comes
through teaching and learning and it broadens a person physically and mentally. Educational
guidance helps learners and students attain exceptional educational development, and in making the
correct choices concerning school performance, curriculum, school life that all lead to development
in knowledge and skills.
Psychoanalysis is basically a "theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality
development that guides psychoanalysis." Many consider it as a clinical method or branch of
psychology for treating psychopathology by recognizing the relationship between the conscious and
unconscious mind (Van Mark & Walters. 9:2009)
Body...show more content...
Erikson's allowances and elaborations of Freud's theory are considered in subsidizing to education
and broader appreciation of difference, particularly in terms of unconscious inspirations. Teachers
are also offered a path of bigger self–awareness and growth needed for numerous good ways to
teach. The psychoanalytic approach has a variety of advantages and disadvantages that have pushed
to do more research and expansion of personality into the territory of personality development.
Advantages of psychoanalysis theory
1.It mostly considers the importance of childhood experiences.
2.It initiates and addresses the importance of the unconscious, sexual and forceful efforts that make
up the most of all human beings' personalities.
3.Psychoanalysis can open up a new view on mental illness, meaning that talking about problems
with someone who knows of such problems could help relieve signs of psychological distress.
4.Theories of personality developed by psychodynamic thinkers are still encouraging people today,
including (Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages and Freud's psychosexual stage theory.

Essay on Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis When people think of psychoanalysis, usually one name comes to mind. This would
be Sigmund Freud. Freud, along with Carl G. Jung and Alfred Adler, has impacted the history of
psychoanalysis. Further, he has influenced the lives of the men and women during the early 1900s.
In today's society, the history of psychoanalysis is continually being discussed among many scholars.
Paul Roazen, author of Encountering Freud: The Politics and Histories of Psychoanalysis, has
dedicated his professional career to researching the "impact of Freud and his followers not only on
politics but on the cultural and intellectual life of this century" (Chodoff 132). One main theme that
Roazen emphasizes is the relationship between...show more content...
Because of this, many searched for ideas to fill this void, and some found the answer to lay within
Freud. Also, Freud's image of man was completely secular. Roazen states, "this freedom from both
Utopianism and asceticism has earned Freud the contempt of ideological totalitarians of the Right
and the Left" (28). Despite the reasoning that lies behind this issue, it is clear that Freud has
provided an image of man that has made him understandable without at the same time making him
despicable. It is important to remember that Freud was once referred to as a leader during a period
of extreme change in social character. Freud, who was rooted in the philosophy of humanism and the
enlightenment, was a liberal critic of the bourgeois society. (Roazen 45). He felt society demanded
many un–called for hardships on man. Further, he declared that these cruelties would led to the
formation of neuroses that could have been prevented by a more accepting attitude. Many of
Freud's supporters also felt that the pressures that were laid down by society were unjust, hence
their finding hope in his theories. Looking directly at Freud and his development of
psychoanalysis, he claims that "psychoanalysis is my creation; for ten years I was the only one
occupied with it" (Brill 933). Freud worked as a therapist treating patients and then applying his
findings to the larger human domains. Freud once stated, "I perceived ever more clearly

Psychoanalytic aka "Psychodynamic"
The psychoanalytic perspective, is the outlook that behavior and personality are effected by the
conflict between one's inner dreams n and expectation of society. Most of this conflict occurs in
unconscious, which is outside the knowledge of an individual. Renowned psychologist, Freud
established the psychoanalytic theory as an explanation for perplexed phenomena such as the
meaning behind dreams, slips of the tongue, and behavioral reflex reactions to stressful situations.
The unconscious is a primary focus in psychoanalytic theory due to its typical development in
childhood and the ways in which it influences nearly every detail of an individual's life. The
unconscious mind also holds unvented memories and unexpressed urges that make their process into
the conscious mind through a variety of different means. However, topographical theory of the mind
states that conscious, preconscious, and unconscious serve as motivating forces in human behavior.
Corsin & Wedding (2011) define the conscious as mental activity which individuals are fully aware
of, preconscious as thoughts and feelings that could be easily brought to mind and unconscious as
thoughts, feelings, and desires of which one is unaware of. Sigmund Freud defines self–psychology
as the conceptualization of the relationships within self–object. Identically self–psychology, is
design to

Five Key Concepts Of Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis was the name given by Sigmund Freud to a system of interpretation and therapeutic
treatment of psychological disorders. (McLeod, 2007) In particular, we present five key concepts on
psychoanalytic therapy: structure of personality, psychosexual stages, defense mechanism, anxiety,
and the unconscious mind.
First of all we start off with the structure of personality, which consists of 3 systems: the id, the
ego & superego. Each and individual has their own functions such as the id, it starts from a person
who is at birth and driven by the pleasure principle. They will be out of awareness and demand for
something to be done. (Snowden, 2010, p.126) Adding on to the next system is the ego that begins
to develop after birth. It makes decisions, controls the actions and solving problem. Lastly...show
more content...
In classical psychoanalysis they uses free association method. The primary goal is to make
unconscious material conscious and to promote understanding. Therefore, clients are allow to say
anything which they would like to express no matter how illogical the problems could be. From
here on, the therapist's duty is to listen to the feeling that has been expressed by them. (Corey, 2001)
However in contemporary psychoanalysis, therapists simply do not instruct clients to talk at length
about their problems, instead of that they had to figure out clearly what does the clients
experiencing and discovered in the moment due to time. Joffe, H., & Elsey, J. W. B. (2014). Free
Association in Psychology and the Grid Elaboration Method. US: Educational Publishing
Foundation, 18(3), 173–175. Another comparison of it is that the classical "lying on the couch", it
took about 5 times per week while as for contemporary, they will get involved in dream analysis.
Contemporary psychoanalysis has challenged many of the fundamental assumptions about
traditional psychoanalytic theory and treatment. Perhaps

Psychoanalysis : What Is Psychoanalysis?
What is Psychoanalysis?
According to the dictionary "Psychoanalysis is a systematic structure of theories concerning the
relation of conscious and unconscious psychological processes." (Freudfile.org, 2017).
Psychoanalysis is used and described in many forms through sociology, literature, religion,
mythology, and many more inciting public interest even though people do not always understand it.
Therefore psychoanalysis is also often introduced through media such as TV, radio, and film scripts.
Movies depicted an interest to the understanding of psychoanalysis; the most distinct one was a
movie dedicated to Sigmund Freud which presented the uncertain years of his beginning in
psychoanalysis. A proper definition of psychoanalysis is...show more content...
(Angel 2000: 76) As Gaston Bachelard a French philosopher states "When the image is new, the
world is new" (Angel 2000: 76). Therefore space and mind both create a new experience for people
to use as well as to capture new memories.
Part of this creation is through the experience of designing and analysing the relation between
them. An interview by Valerie Tate Angel, an American psychoanalyst, was held with Richard
Meier an American abstract artist and architect in 1998, at the New York historical society
(Angel 2000: 77). Where he was a panellist at a conference on the preservation of New York City
landmarks and architecture. Within the interview he was given to analysis the work of Gaston
Bachelard in his book "The Poetics of space" (1958) which explains from a phenomenological
viewpoint of how spaces can shape our thoughts and memories. Where Gaston Bachelard starts to
explain, to a psychoanalyst it is essential to listen and understand the exact words of the analysed
and co–create the main meaning. Within the process of discovering between the analyst and
analysed, the words used highlights the past and present incidents. The dialogue of the interview is
derived from one's own experience with interrelated nature of architecture and psychoanalysis as
Bachelard states
"Paradox of a phenomenology of the imagination, which is: how

Psychoanalysis And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is based on psychoanalytic theory postulated by the renowned
Viennese neurologist Sigmund Freud between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and
has been reactualizГЎndose. A little too summarizes our psyche conceived as dynamic consists of a
conscious and an unconscious part. This theory postulates that, many times, which does not allow us
to live peacefully past traumas are "hidden" in the unconscious, and that we must make conscious to
overcome. It is the famous couch therapy, introspection, free association. It asks the patient to say
everything you think omitting the smallest detail, however insignificant or ridiculous it may seem,
because everything has a meaning, even dreams. Thus a reconstruction of what experienced from
early childhood, because this perspective puts much emphasis on the influence of this stage in our
present emotional well done. This causes a type of therapy is quite extensive in time. Humanistic
therapy...show more content...
Cognitive behavioral therapy From a cognitive–behavioral perspective is known that to solve a
problem to have to change certain behaviors, are in a very broad sense, considering each other's
thoughts, feelings and emotions. Cognitive behavioral therapy has two parts, one is the thinking
about the problem. It is the responsibility of the patient to fully contribute to defining the problem
that is just what is concerned and takes you to see. Once the vision that the patient has his problem
under the guidance of your therapist established a functional analysis of the problem, enunciating in
operational and modifiable terms is performed. Thus securing the goals of therapy and treatment
begins. This is the establishment of a program to modify behaviors, thoughts and feelings relevant to
the maintenance problem. This type of therapy seems to know how to manage anxiety, as has solved
problems such as phobias, obsessions and other associated

Metamorphosis Psychoanalysis
Bryan Leung
Professor Feindert
ENGWR 301
9 April 2014
A Psychoanalytical Criticism of The Metamorphosis The deeper meaning of "The
Metamorphosis", by Frank Kafka, can be interpreted in many ways depending on critical theory
is used to examine it. From a feminist criticism, one can observe how Gregor's dominance as a
male diminishes after he becomes a bug as his sister's strength and role in the family grows
stronger. From a biographical criticism, one can compare and contrast the traits of Gregor and the
people around him with that of Kafka's own life and his relationships. However, the focus of this
essay will be applying a psychoanalytical criticism to the characters in "The Metamorphosis", using
the studies of Sigmund Freud to approach...show more content...
Grete, like her mother, obviously cares very much for Gregor and is also terrified by his new
transformation, but unlike her mother, she tries very hard to hide her fear in order to keep feeding
and tending to Gregor's room;
"His sister, almost fully dressed, opened the door from the hallway side and looked in uneasily.
When she noticed him under the couch, she received such a fright that, unable to control herself, she
slammed the door again from outside. But, as if regretting her behavior, she immediately opened the
door again," (Kafka).
At the sight of Gregor, Grete succums to her fear and shuts the door after seeing him, but
immediately regrets the decision and feels guilty for seeing her brother hideous creature, if only for
an instant. Insect or not, Gregor is still Grete's brother and she believes that the right thing to do is
to keep on loving him and taking care of him, emphasizing her role as the superego.
The ego is the part of the mind that represents consciousness. It employs reason, common sense, and
the power to delay immediate responses to external stimuli (Storr). When making a decision, the ego
balances out both needs of the id and the superego. In Freud's own words, "It performs that task by
gaining control over the demands of the instincts, by deciding whether they are to be allowed
satisfaction, by postponing that satisfaction or suppressing their excitations entirely," (Freud). Being
a stereotypical earnest

Reflection Of The Psychoanalytic Perspective
Over the course of this term, several theoretical orientations and multiple tools and techniques were
presented and discussed. This information led me to I identify most with the psychoanalytic
approach because it is most aligned with my personal characteristics, behaviors, experiences, unique
skills, values, beliefs, and worldviews. All of the aforementioned aspects complement the key
concepts, goals, role and functions of the therapist, techniques, and procedures associated with the
psychoanalytic approach. Therapeutically, it is important to consider past experiences, especially in
the context of the present. It is equally important to bring awareness to things we seem not to want
to know. I identify with the psychoanalytic...show more content...
Thus, I feel that the role of therapist to "react rather to initiate" complements my personal leadership
style. Additionally, I consider relational analysis, interpretation, and insight and working through as
techniques that are fundamental to the therapeutic process. Although my primary theoretical stance
is psychoanalytic, I also identify with techniques attributed to other orientations. From the cognitive
behavior approach, I identify with modeling, behavioral rehearsal, cognitive restructuring,
reinforcement, and feedback. Modeling is when clients learn through observation and imitation of
the therapist and other clients. Behavioral rehearsal to some degree is an extension of modeling.
Here, the goal is for the client to practice a new behavior with the goal of the client being able to
perform the desired behavior in the absence of modeling cues. Cognitive restructuring, a process
used to recognize and evaluate an individual's thoughts, understand how negative thoughts impact
behaviors, and learn thoughts that are more appropriate, realistic, and adaptive is another useful
technique. Furthermore, feedback involves offering praise and encouragement for practicing
behaviors and providing suggestions for correcting and modifying behaviors; it can be particularly
helpful in working stage. Lastly, strengthening the tendency for a response to be repeated, or
reinforcement, is another important technique that can be beneficial when shaping desired

Objective Psychology and Psychoanalysis Essay
1.Objective psychology and psychoanalysis have much in common. Wulff compares these studies on
page two hundred and fifty eight by stating "both reject unaided introspection as a means of
gathering fundamental data." In other words, in neither psychoanalysis nor objective psychology,
can a person take an observation made from themselves about themselves and consider it
fundamental data. Another similarity would be "that human conduct is the outcome of complexly
determined casual events that lie outside awareness" (258). In this particular case, both types of
science believe that the way we act is an outcome of more than one event that may have occurred
outside of our knowing. An example could be being stressed out or feeling anxiety....show more
content...
On the other side you have the psychoanalysts who "draw their evidence from the private inner
world of the individual psyche" (258). Where objective psychologists use observations that are
accessible to all sciences and observers the psychoanalyst draw all of their conclusion on facts that
come from studies of the individual's brain. This makes the psychoanalysts "become
participant–observers in the lives of their suffering patients" (258). That is, they use longer studies
that, at times, become personal and intimate. The objective psychologists use "terse and quantified
responses of randomly selected subjects" (258). These studies are shorter and not personal because
the patients or subjects are picked randomly and completely unrelated.
2.In Sigmund Freud's studies, he studied religion and how it reflected on people during different
stages of his life. The stages he comes to discover were those of the oral stage, anal stage, phallic
stage, and the genital stage. All of these stages are related to how a child reacts to mothers and
fathers and how the Oedipus complex plays a role from infancy through adulthood. The way Freud
believed these stages started and progressed are involved with his two theories of psychology. One is
the ontogenetic theory, which is most enhanced by Freud, and the phylogenetic theory which is the
theory by Freud that is the most criticized. The ontogenetic theory is a theory designed

Psychoanalysis And Psychoanalysis
On Humanism and Psychoanalysis
The following essay is an interpretive analysis of Psychoanalysis and Humanism as two influential
schools of thought in Psychology. In this essay, the main assumptions of each school of thought will
be highlighted, starting with Psychoanalysis followed by Humanism. Furthermore there will be a
comparative analysis of both schools of thoughts based on both their strength and weaknesses, in
attempt to find where the two complement each other and more over to see where the two schools of
thought come into dispute with one another particularly on the basis of Humanism being reaction to
psychoanalysis
The Psychoanalytic approach to human behaviour was founded by Sigmund Freud – neurologists
who believed that the key...show more content...
As an antithesis to psychoanalysis, Humanism also purports that humans are free agents that are
capable of self actualizing. However, psychoanalysis provides an interesting basis to understanding
how humans interact with the reality around them especially in attaching symbols to dreams,
ignoring the fact of sexual urges. The problem is that Freud presents humans as incapable of being
autonomous or interacting with the environment in order to have certain metal illnesses – Freud
trivializes anxiety. The negative aspect of humanism, which can be linked to psychoanalysis, is that
the focus is primarily on the individual and not the community that filters in more factors that
contribute to the personality, illness or well being of the individual.
The main focus of psychoanalysis is viewing the development and behaviour of a human being as
processes that are guided by unconscious conflict that threatens to come to the surface manifest a
sexual desires, it does however negate the fact that humans are capable of agency. Humanism on the
other hand emphasizes self–actualization, and views humans as inherently good, individual agents
who are responsible for their own well being. Humanism is however, highly individualistic. Both
schools of thought, despite their shortfalls have contributed significantly to the science and practice
of

Psychoanalytic Model: Sigmund Freud created the psychoanalytic model as an approach to
psychotherapy. The goal of this model was to examine psychodynamic factors that motivate
behavior, along with focusing on a person's unconscious to help develop the therapeutic
procedures to modify one's fundamental character. "The Freudian view of human nature is
deterministic, and behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and
biological and instinctual drives as these evolve through critical psychosexual stages of the first
six years of life" (Corey, 2017, p 58). He believed that each human being also had central instincts
of sexual nature and even aggressive drives that would enable people to act the way in a certain
way and could contribute to a person problems in life. He also defined the structure of personality
by three systems, the Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id is responsible for untamed drives or impulses
and is more of a biological component. The Ego attempts to organize and mediate between the Id
the dangers of the Id's impulses. The Superego, which is internalized social element that helps
protect ourselves from our drives (Corey, 2017, p ). Freud also believed that if a person can
become aware of the consciousness and unconscious and how they relate to one another they can
address and fix problematic behaviors. According to Freud people act the way they do, because they
have not identified problems that lay dormant in the unconscious. Once

Psychoanalysis In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
In the riveting epistolary novel, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley we are exposed to various and
compelling themes such as cultural and social ideologies incorporated within the early nineteenth
century society standards. Several diverse aspects of interpretation and literary devices are
emphasized within Mary Shelley's exhilarating stylistic text. Although, there are many individuals
and events that give this exciting gothic fiction novel meaning, the relationship and incidents
conveyed between creator [Victor Frankenstein] and creation [The Monster] truly embody the
structure of an epistolary novel. From the moment Victor Frankenstein decided to construct such a
horrific creature to all the appalling events that occurred afterward shape the literary...show more
content...
The reader can analyze that although Victor Frankenstein is physically and mentally before and after
the creation of his monster through most of the psychoanalytic defenses, the defense that occurs
frequently throughout Victor Frankenstein's case is denial (believing the problem doesn't exist or
the unpleasant incident never happened) (15). In which causes him to be fractured and have a
breakdown of insecure or unstable sense of self (he inability to sustain a feeling of personal
identity) (16). In contrast to the monster who inhibits several psychoanalytic defenses such as
avoidance (staying away from people or situations that are liable to make us anxious by stirring up
some unconscious–i.e., repressed–experience or emotion), displacement ("taking it out" on someone
or something less threatening than the person who caused our fear, hurt, frustration, or anger) and
lastly, projection (ascribing our fear, problem or guilty desire to someone else and the condemning
him or her for it, in order to deny that we have it ourselves) (15). These defenses have inhibited the
monster's fractured mentality of fear of abandonment (the unshakable belief that our friends and
loved ones are going to desert us or don't really care about us), the fear of betrayal (the nagging
feeling that our friends and loved ones can't be trusted), low self–esteem (the belief that we are less
worthy than other people) and insecure or unstable sense of

Psychoanalysis In English Literature
Psychoanalysis applied to English Literature material
During this semester, we studied many English literature theories. We started with New Criticism
and ended last week with cultural studies. By far, the most interesting one for me was
Psychoanalysis because it helped me understand the possible reasons behind actions and behaviors.
Sometimes we read literature without even thinking why things unfold the way they do but after
reading the psychoanalysis theories by Sigmund Freud along with some readings by Parker and
Tyson I have found myself understanding texts differently. I am going to expose how
psychoanalysis relates to the following texts: A&P short story, Passing by Nella Larsen,The Great
Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and the movie The Crying Game by Neil Jordan.
First, in the A&P story by John Updike we can see how Sammy experiences projection when he
starts taking it on his boss. Apparently, he is overwhelmed by his job but getting mad at him for
treating three girls in a mean way is not the main reason why he chooses to quit, I believe his real
motive is the unhappiness of being a young adult who has not done much with his life. He is stuck
at this store and wants to get out but might not know how. I also think that Sammy does not have a
clear idea of self because he is defined by what he does not want to be. For instance, he does not
want to be like his coworker Stokesie or his manger Lengel nor his parents who seem to be poor.
The concept of self is clearly

Introduction Since her teacher was concerned about Lily, she came to me to see if I can
successfully speak to her about what is happening in her life. My initial goal was to get to know
Lily and learn about her background. It was important for me to make her feel comfortable with me
in order for her to tell me about her personal feeling and life experiences. Also, it was important for
me to know more about her background in order for me to get informed about her culture, beliefs,
and values. We also spoke about the expectations for the next sessions we will have, as well as
confidentiality. For the sessions that followed, I decided to use both Psychoanalysis Therapy and
Person–Centered Therapy. I was confident that both of these therapies would be effective during our
sessions.
Application of Therapy 1 (Psychoanalysis)
I implemented Psychoanalysis Therapy during some sessions because my goal was for Lily to
make her unconscious feelings conscious and learn how the past is affecting her now. I was
trying to remain as objective as I could be, so I could interpret and analyze what she would tell me
with minimal bias as well as be aware of verbal and nonverbal cues. She spoke to me about her
mother being a single parent and living with her mother and sister. From my understanding, many
Native Hawaiians have a strong relationship with their family. Since they recently moved to
California two years ago, I wondered whether she missed her extended family or if there was
something

A Look Into Psychoanalysis Essay
Psychoanalysis had its beginning with the discovery that a person in complete physical health could
experience an illness with physical symptoms that stemmed from things trapped in the subconscious
known as hysteria. Charcot, a French neurologist tried to liberate the mind through hypnosis. A
Viennese physician, Josef Breuer, carried this purging further with a process based on his patient,
Anna O., revealing her thoughts and feelings to him. Sigmund Freud took Breuer's method and made
generalizations that grew into conceptualizations and eventually into the theories of psychoanalysis.
Freud would listen to his patients, and then use these thoughts to interpret what was happening in the
unconscious part of...show more content...
Simply put one may be bashful or impotent or aggressive to the extreme of being a sex murderer. To
carry his study further, Freud considered the sexuality of an individual.
Through this particular study, Freud contends that one must go back to birth, which is the
manifestation of an individual's sexuality. The oral phase is where life begins and that is why
babies explore everything with their mouth, the center of all sensations. The following phase is the
anal or sadistic–anal phase where excretory functions are the center of everything. Pleasures are
experienced in the anus during bowel movements. Finally these erotically tinged pleasures are
experienced when the sexual organ is manipulated. Thus psychosexual development progresses
from the oral through the anal to the phallic (in psychoanalytic theory phallic refers to both male
and female sexual organs) stage. During the height of the phallic phase, about the ages of three to
six, these libidinous forces focus on the parent of the opposite sex and lend an erotic cast to the
relationship between parent and child (son/mother or daughter/father). This focus is known as the
Oedipus phase for boys and the Electra phase for girls. The phallic phase is followed by a period of
latency where sexual drives lay dormant until puberty when they are reawakened and individuals
become more aware of the sexual roles they will play as an adult.

Sigmund Freud's Theory of Psychoanalysis Freud's methods of psychoanalysis were based on his
theory that people have repressed, hidden feelings. The psychoanalyst's goal is to make the patient
aware of these subconscious feelings. Childhood conflicts that are hidden away by the patient,
become revealed to both the analyst and the patient, allowing the patient to live a less anxious, more
healthy life. Methods of hypnosis were originally used by Freud to find the cause for anxiety, but he
dismissed them as being too inaccurate. He started to use methods of free association to delve into
the patient's sub–conscious. By assessing the patient's reactions to the analyst's suggestions, Freud
saw that the analyst could help the...show more content...
Through the slips made when the patient was told to carry out the free–association process, and
some of the patient's beliefs and habits, Freud could delve into the patient's subconscious. These
thoughts produced a chain directly into the patient's subconscious, and unearthed memories and
feelings. This process soon became known as psychoanalysis. Freud also believed that dreams
were an important way of getting into the patient's subconscious. By analyzing dreams, he could
reveal the basis of conflict within the patient. Freud believed the mind was made up of three main
parts: the conscious, the preconscious, and the subconscious. The conscious region is the part that
people are most aware of and what others can see. The preconscious region holds thoughts and
feelings that a person can become aware of but that are mostly hidden away. Finally, the
subconscious region consists of thoughts and feelings which are completely hidden away and
which one is mostly unaware of. Some believe that the preconscious region is really a small part of
the much larger subconscious region. Freud said that the mind is like an iceberg, with most of it, the
subconscious, hidden away, and only a small part, the conscious, showing above the water, able to be
seen. Why, then, would the majority of the mind be hidden; why is the subconscious region so much
larger than the conscious region? Freud explained that the answer is that one

Outline Of Psychoanalysis
Jessica Marcus
AP Literature
2 December, 2016
Mrs. Dawson
The basics of the psychological approach to literature is built upon Sigmund Freud's theories of
psychology. Freud employed the idea that the unconscious mind ultimately governs a person's
behaviors. This gives rise to three parts of the mind that strive for dominance, including the id,
superego, and the ego; the id being the instinctual trends, the superego plays the critical and
moralizing role, and the ego mediates between the two. In attempt to treat behavioral disorders in
Viennese patients, Freud used psychoanalysis. According to his book An Outline of Psychoanalysis,
he believed this method of treatment would, "cure patients by returning the damaged ego to its
normal state"...show more content...
Collins acts in a manner that is align with the symptoms of a personality disorder: Narcissistic
Personality disorder. One of the many symptoms includes, "expecting special favors and
unquestioning compliance with your expectations" (Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Symptoms).
This is prevalent in his behaviors throughout the book, especially in his initial proposal to
Elizabeth Bennet. When she first rejects him, he immediately is dissatisfied and turns to insulting
her family's fortune as a response. Due to his grandiose view of himself, he believes Elizabeth
should have immediately agreed to marry him. When she denies him, however, he is thrown off,
and can only turn to putting her down to make himself feel better. He then continues pushing the
proposal, and claims, "that it is usual with young ladies to reject the addresses of the man whom
they secretly mean to accept" (Austen 80). Those with this disorder have an inability to recognize
the feelings of others, as they expect everything to work out in their favor. Mr. Collins strives to
find reasoning for Elizabeth's rejection, as he cannot comprehend how she could possibly reject
him. Therefore, Mr. Collins is incapable of acting otherwise, as he is controlled by a personality

Psychoanalysis Of Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud to make the unconscious conscious. His aim was to
gain insight into the unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings and motivations of people in
order to help them understand. Freud focused on bringing the repressed internal conflict (such as
development issues or trauma) to a conscious place where the person can easily deal with it. Art is
one way in which the individual can express his deepest thoughts by unravelling one's inner
feelings, making them visible and vulnerable. When a work of art is created by an artist it reflects
his/her beliefs and morale which in turn helps us understand and interpret it more clearly.
Frida Kahlo
55 works out of 143 paintings by Frida Kahlo have been devoted to her self–portraits. This has led
analysts to believe that these expressions of art were important to the artist herself and not
particularly created for the pleasure of others. Self–portraits are mostly associated with
psychoanalysis because they reflect mental complexities and in Kahlo's case are an indicative of the
ups and downs in her life....show more content...
Unlike her other paintings, she paints herself with short hair and in men's clothes (probably
Rivera's judging from the size). This is her way of identifying with Rivera by using short hair as a
symbol to represent her husband. This mental imagination formed in her unconscious is a sign of
great loss in her life. In Freudian psychoanalysis, what the individual emphasize through his words
and imaginations is what has been absent in his real life and reaching it appears to be difficult.
This work by Kahlo shows a loss of her beloved, whom she has sought to fill in her mind through
the short hair. He relates this to the early childhood oral stage stating the artist is compensating the
physical loss of her mother

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