2. • We use if to talk about some conditions in
anywhere of our daily life.
• It is composed of two parts:
1-Main Clause
2-Conditional Clause
If he comes early,we will go out for a picnic
conditional clause main clause
We will go out for a picnic ,if he comes early
main clause conditional clause
3. TYPES OF IF CLAUSES
• Type 0: General facts
• We use this type to talk about scientific
and general facts.
• The water boils in 100 celcius
• When you heat ice,it melts
4. TYPES OF IF CLAUSES
• Type 1:True in the Present or future
We use this to talk about a thing which is true in
present or in the future
• If the weather is nice,we usually sit in the
garden. (present)
• If the weather is nice tomorrow,we will sit in the
garden. (future)
5. As we see we use this type about
something which is habitually
done or ordinarily done and the
main tenses we can use in this
formation is either present simple
or future tense with will
6. • If she passes the university exam,her life
will completely change
• I will visit my parents tomorrow,if I have
time.
• I will not come you again,if you do this
again.
7. When the action is a part of future in the
conditional clause we do not use will with
if.
• Perhaps she will come tomorrow.Then we
will study together.
If she comes tomorrow,we will study
together
• Perhaps it will not be her day off
tomorrow.Then I will go shopping alone
If it is not her day of tomorrow,I will go
shopping alone
8. The tenses we can use in type 1
1. Variations of will (will be doing,will have
done,will have been doing)
2. May/Might/Could (Possibility)
3. May(Permission) and can (Permission or
Ability)
4. Must/have to/have got
to(necessity)/should/ought to/had
better(advisibility) and any expression of
command,request,suggestion or advice.
5. The simple present tenses
9. The structures that we can use in
IF CLAUSES
1. Can (Permission or Ability)
2. Have to(necessity)
3. Present Continuous Tense
4. Present Perfect Tense
5. Should
10. • E.g:
• If he can have a permission,it will be an
enjoyable night
• If she should come with us,we will make a
surprise to her
• If she cannot come with us,we will still
make a surprise to her
11. • E.g:
• If he can go out,it will be a good night
• If she might come with us,we will enjoy together
• If he cannot go out,it will make no difference
• If she might not come with us,she will not be sad
12. Type 2:Untrue (contrary to fact) in the
present tense
We use this to talk about things which are
not real and made up by human minds.
Unreal activities.
• If it were our day off today,we would have
a barbecue in the garden(present)
• If it were our day off tomorrow,we would
have a barbecue in the garden(future)
13. We also use this structure when we think
about and action about future but say just
the opposite.That is why the tense that we
should use should be past tense to stress
that they are unreal events.
Truth: I don’t have enough money now,so I
cannot lend you any to buy that t-
shirt(present)
Conditionals: If I had enough money now,I
would lend you some to buy that t-shirt
Here,even though we use past tense
meaning is present tense.
14. The tenses that we can use in type 2
• 1-The structures used in Main Clause
• Would/would be doing
• Could/would be able to/might/would have
to
• 2-The structures used in Conditional
Clause
• Past form of “be” (was/were)
16. • E.g:
• If he could have the money,he would go
on a holiday
• If she could get permission,she will be free
for tonight
• If he could save money,he would get a
new car
17. • Type 3:Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past
We use this type to talk about past things
which are not true.
• If the weather had been nice yesterday,we
would have sat in the garden(past)
• If it had been our day off yesterday,we
would have had a barbecue in the garden
(past)
18. This type is also used to talk about
something that we think about past and
think just the opposite of events.
Truth: She did not hard enough,so she didn’t
pass the test.
Conditional: If she studied hard enough,she
would have passed the test
19. The structures that we can use in type 3
1. Would have done / would have been
doing
2. Would have had to / would have been
able to
3. Might have done (possibility) / could
have done (permission and ability)
20. The tenses that we can use in type 3
• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous (had been doing)
• Had had to / had been able to
23. Tense combinations in Type 1
If Clause Main Clause
do/does will
am/is/are will be doing
have/has done will have been
can/have to/must may/might
be to do must/have to
24. Tense combinations in Type 2
If clause Main Clause
was/were would
did/was/were to do would be able to
was/were doing could
had to might
25. Tense combinations in Type 3
If Clause Main Clause
had done would have done
had been doing would have been doing
had had to do might have done
had been able to would have had to do
26.
27. • Wish as a meaning equals with want or
would like.
I wish I were a fish in your dish.
I wish I had a car
I wish I did not do that to my friend
28. Forms of Wish Clauses
• A wish about the present
• Ali is not as tall as his friend Ahmet.
Ali wishes he were as tall as his friend Ahmet
• I do not know where he is.
I wish I knew where he was
29. • A wish about the past
• He was not here yesterday, so he missed
the party
I wish he had been here yesterday
• I could not get up early yesterday, so I
was late for my date
I wish I could have got up early yesterday
30. • A wish about the future
• I am sure it will be wonderful picnic
I wish you would come too.
• You are driving too fast.
I wish you would slow down
