Presentation at the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Las Vegas, Nevada Thematic Area: Social Computing and Social Media Session: Fitness, Health, and Wearables - Activity Trackers in the Everyday Life.


1. 30ltb
Motivations to Join Fitness Communities on Facebook:
Which Gratifications are Sought and Obtained?
Post Member
Join
Aylin Ilhan
Department of Information Science
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
HCI International 2018 • Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, Nevada • 15-20 July 2018

2. Motivation
1

3. 3

4. 3

5. 4

6. 4

7. 4

8. 4

9. 4

10. 5

11. 5

12. 5

13. 6

14. 6

15. 6

16. 6

17. 6

18. 6

19. Post Members
Join
7

20. Post Members
Join
7
???

21. Theory
2
Motivation
1

22. Self-Determination Theory
9

23. Self-Determination Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
9

24. Self-Determination Theory
Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation
9

25. 10
Uses and Gratifications Theory

26. 10
Past
Uses and Gratifications Theory

27. 10
Past
Uses and Gratifications Theory
?
?
?
?

28. 10
Past
Uses and Gratifications Theory

29. 10
Past
Uses and Gratifications Theory

30. 10
Past Now
Uses and Gratifications Theory

31. 11
Information Seeking
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Self-Presentation
Socialization
Entertainment

32. 11
Information Seeking
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Self-Presentation
Socialization
Entertainment

33. 11
Information Seeking
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Self-Presentation
Socialization
Entertainment

34. 11
Information Seeking
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Self-Presentation
Socialization
Entertainment

35. 11
Information Seeking
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Self-Presentation
Socialization
Entertainment

36. Methods
3
Theory
Motivation
1 2

37. 13
7-point Likert-Type scale
Survey

38. 13
Uses and Gratifications
Theory
7-point Likert-Type scale
Survey

39. 13
Uses and Gratifications
Theory
Self-Determination
Theory
7-point Likert-Type scale
Survey

40. 13
Uses and Gratifications
Theory
Self-Determination
Theory
7-point Likert-Type scale
7
It is absolutely true
6
5
4
3
1
It is absolutely not true
2
Survey

41. Uses and Gratifications
Theory
Self-Determination
Theory
7
It is absolutely true
6
5
4
3
1
It is absolutely not true
2
Survey
Example:
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to receive
information.
14

42. Survey
15

43. Survey
15

44. N=445
Survey
15

45. Research Questions
16

46. Research Questions
RQ1 Which gratifications are sought and obtained?
16

47. Research Questions
RQ1 Which gratifications are sought and obtained?
RQ2 Is there a correlation between sought and obtained gratification?
16

48. Research Questions
RQ1 Which gratifications are sought and obtained?
RQ2 Is there a correlation between sought and obtained gratification?
RQ3 Are users more intrinsically or more extrinsically motivated?
16

49. Research Questions
RQ1 Which gratifications are sought and obtained?
RQ2 Is there a correlation between sought and obtained gratification?
RQ3 Are users more intrinsically or more extrinsically motivated?
RQ4
Do sought gratifications cohere with extrinsic or intrinsic
motivation?
16

50. Research Questions
RQ1 Which gratifications are sought and obtained?
RQ2 Is there a correlation between sought and obtained gratification?
RQ3 Are users more intrinsically or more extrinsically motivated?
RQ4
Do sought gratifications cohere with extrinsic or intrinsic
motivation?
RQ5 Do obtained gratifications support the use of activity tracker?
16

51. Research Questions
RQ1 Which gratifications are sought and obtained?
RQ2 Is there a correlation between sought and obtained gratification?
RQ3 Are users more intrinsically or more extrinsically motivated?
RQ5 Do obtained gratifications support the use of activity tracker?
16

52. 4
Results
Methods
3
Theory
2
Motivation
1

53. RQ 1: Sought Gratifications

54. Seeking Information
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to receive information.
Median: 6 (It is true)
19
Post
Member
Use
N=436

55. “What are you guys favorite ways of gettin steps in??? I am
tired of the treadmill lol and I’ve taken to walking outside but
it’s extremely HOT!! (I live in FL)?? Anything creative?“
Seeking Information
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to receive information.
Median: 6 (It is true)
19
Post
Member
Use
N=436

56. “What are you guys favorite ways of gettin steps in??? I am
tired of the treadmill lol and I’ve taken to walking outside but
it’s extremely HOT!! (I live in FL)?? Anything creative?“
Seeking Information
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to receive information.
Median: 6 (It is true)
19
Post
Member
Use
“I need suggestions related to arm muscle building. Are
there any special exercises and so on which helps you?“
N=436

57. “What are you guys favorite ways of gettin steps in??? I am
tired of the treadmill lol and I’ve taken to walking outside but
it’s extremely HOT!! (I live in FL)?? Anything creative?“
Seeking Information
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to receive information.
Median: 6 (It is true)
19
Post
Member
Use
“I need suggestions related to arm muscle building. Are
there any special exercises and so on which helps you?“
“Hello dears! Eternal tiresome topic carbohydrate. How
much lbs do you take?“
N=436

58. Self-Presentation
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to realize myself (e.g., to
show my success, aims and obtained achievements).
Median: 3 (It is rarely not true)
Post
Member
Use
N=371 20

59. Self-Presentation
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to realize myself (e.g., to
show my success, aims and obtained achievements).
Median: 3 (It is rarely not true)
Post
Member
Use
N=371 20

60. Self-Presentation
I use this Facebook group, because I’m looking for the possibility to realize myself (e.g., to
show my success, aims and obtained achievements).
Median: 3 (It is rarely not true)
Post
Member
Use
N=371 20

61. RQ1: Obtained Gratifications

62. “What are you guys favorite ways of gettin steps in??? I am tired
of the treadmill lol and I’ve taken to walking outside but it’s
extremely HOT!! (I live in FL)?? Anything creative?"
“Hello dears! Eternal tiresome topic carbohydrate. How
much lbs do you take?“
Information
The use of the Facebook group actually enables me to receive information.
Median: 6 (It is true)
Post
Member
Use
N=436
22

63. “What are you guys favorite ways of gettin steps in??? I am tired
of the treadmill lol and I’ve taken to walking outside but it’s
extremely HOT!! (I live in FL)?? Anything creative?"
“Do you have Pound Class in your area? Fun way to get
active minutes and steps“
“Hello dears! Eternal tiresome topic carbohydrate. How
much lbs do you take?“
Information
The use of the Facebook group actually enables me to receive information.
Median: 6 (It is true)
Post
Member
Use
N=436
22

64. “What are you guys favorite ways of gettin steps in??? I am tired
of the treadmill lol and I’ve taken to walking outside but it’s
extremely HOT!! (I live in FL)?? Anything creative?"
“Do you have Pound Class in your area? Fun way to get
active minutes and steps“
“Hello dears! Eternal tiresome topic carbohydrate. How
much lbs do you take?“
“I don’t calculate it, but I try to eat “good“ calories. A lot of
vegetables and whole grain variety related to bread, noodles
and rice. Completely without carbohydrates or to less, make
me feeling weak“
Information
The use of the Facebook group actually enables me to receive information.
Median: 6 (It is true)
Post
Member
Use
N=436
22

65. Entertainment
The use of the Facebook group actually enables me to be entertained (e.g., to have fun).
Median: 5 (It is rarely true)
Post
Member
Use
N=418
23

66. RQ2: Correlations between
Sought and Obtained Gratifications

67. P Me
U
Sought Obtained
Information Self-Presentation Socialization Entertainment
25

68. P Me
U
Sought Obtained
Information Self-Presentation Socialization Entertainment
25

69. P Me
U
Sought Obtained
Information Self-Presentation Socialization Entertainment
25

70. P Me
U
Sought Obtained
Information Self-Presentation Socialization Entertainment
25

71. RQ3:
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
P M
J

72. I like to use Facebook groups like this one. I don’t have any external expectations.
Median: 6 (It is true)
N=439
Intrinsic Motivation
27

73. RQ5:
Support of Facebook groups to continue using of activity
tracker

74. 29

75. N=427
Median: 4
29

76. N=427
Median: 4
29

77. N=427
Median: 4
N=368
Median: 3
29

78. N=427
Median: 4
N=368
Median: 3
29

79. N=427
Median: 4
N=391
Median: 4
N=368
Median: 3
29

80. N=427
Median: 4
N=391
Median: 4
N=368
Median: 3
29

81. N=427
Median: 4
N=391
Median: 4
N=399
Median: 4
N=368
Median: 3
29

82. N=427
Median: 4
N=391
Median: 4
N=399
Median: 4
N=368
Median: 3
29

83. N=445
No: 99%
Without the group I would stop to use my activity tracker
Yes: 1%
30

84. 5
Résumé
4
Results
Methods
3
Theory
2
Motivation
1

85. What can we take home?

86. 33

87. 1
The use of those Facebook groups is
dominantly forced by intrinsic motivation.
33

88. 1
The use of those Facebook groups is
dominantly forced by intrinsic motivation.
“Information Seeking“ is one of the strongest
needs, why people are using those groups.
2
33

89. 1
The use of those Facebook groups is
dominantly forced by intrinsic motivation.
3
This research reveals that sought gratifications
within those Facebook groups obtained as well.
“Information Seeking“ is one of the strongest
needs, why people are using those groups.
2
33

90. 1
The use of those Facebook groups is
dominantly forced by intrinsic motivation.
3
This research reveals that sought gratifications
within those Facebook groups obtained as well.
4
Facebook groups are not per se necessary for
the use of activity trackers.
“Information Seeking“ is one of the strongest
needs, why people are using those groups.
2
33

91. Lookout: Next Steps
34

92. Lookout: Next Steps
Content Analysis
34

93. Lookout: Next Steps
Qualitative Interviews
Content Analysis
34

94. Lookout: Next Steps
Fitness Facebook Groups vs.
Fitbit Community
Qualitative Interviews
Content Analysis
34

95. Limitations
35

96. Limitations
Selection of Facebook
Groups
35

97. Limitations
Cultural Differences
Selection of Facebook
Groups
35

98. Limitations
Purchase date of activity trackers
Cultural Differences
Selection of Facebook
Groups
35

99. 36
Thank you for your attention!
Aylin Ilhan
aylin.ilhan@hhu.de

100. 36
Thank you for your attention!
Aylin Ilhan
aylin.ilhan@hhu.de
???
Do you have any questions?

101. Picture References
Slide 1:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1041631/cursor_hardware_mouse_technology_icon_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/langhantel-fitness-gesundheit-sport-2023339/
https://pixabay.com/de/hantel-silhouette-gewicht-155861/
https://pixabay.com/de/ekg-elektrokardiogramm-herz-kunst-2069872/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
Slide 3:
https://pixabay.com/de/menschen-menschliche-gruppe-person-3245739/
https://pixabay.com/de/entwickler-programmierer-technologie-3461405/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon
Slide 4:
https://pixabay.com/de/menschen-menschliche-gruppe-person-3245739/
https://pixabay.com/de/apple-orange-obst-kostenlose-vector-2093991/
https://pixabay.com/de/fettleibig-gewicht-verlust-mann-3011213/
https://pixabay.com/de/übung-seite-liegenden-beinheben-frau-2180074/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1747081/apple_device_gadget_smartwatch_watch_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon

102. Picture References
Slide 5:
https://pixabay.com/de/menschen-menschliche-gruppe-person-3245739/
https://pixabay.com/de/entwickler-programmierer-technologie-3461405/
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1747081/apple_device_gadget_smartwatch_watch_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon
Slide 6:
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/512534/exercise_fitness_gym_gymnasium_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/512540/affection_heart_love_passion_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/laufen-frau-fitness-üben-schweiß-2875180/
https://pixabay.com/de/immobilien-ikonen-marketing-home-2081607/
https://pixabay.com/de/feuer-flamme-burns-orange-1873958/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1747081/apple_device_gadget_smartwatch_watch_icon
Slide 7:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/hatena-denken-sie-an-frage-die-mühe-1184896/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/

103. Picture References
Slide 9:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
Slide 10:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/379370/shelf_television_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/667363/news_newspaper_paper_stories_story_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/667367/browse_computer_internet_monitor_screen_tv_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/483484/facebook_logo_media_multimedia_network_social_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/727233/playsite_streaming_webplayer_youtube_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/483463/internet_mobile_smartphone_snapchat_technology_icon
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/483457/follow_media_social_tweet_twitter_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/glühbirne-birne-icon-idee-1681801/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/667354/fm_music_radio_trasistor_vintage_icon

104. Picture References
Slide 11:
https://pixabay.com/de/popcorn-film-kino-imbiss-theater-1614707/
https://pixabay.com/de/selfi-isoliert-mann-voll-stick-3289755/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
https://pixabay.com/de/tablet-technologie-webseite-seite-1704786/
https://pixabay.com/de/menschen-menschliche-gruppe-person-3245739/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon
Slide 13-14:
https://pixabay.com/de/umfrage-icon-umfrage-symbol-2316468/
Slide 15:
https://pixabay.com/de/umfrage-icon-umfrage-symbol-2316468/
https://pixabay.com/de/menschen-menschliche-gruppe-person-3245739/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/apple-orange-obst-kostenlose-vector-2093991/
https://pixabay.com/de/fettleibig-gewicht-verlust-mann-3011213/
https://pixabay.com/de/übung-seite-liegenden-beinheben-frau-2180074/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1747081/apple_device_gadget_smartwatch_watch_icon
Slide 18:
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/

105. Picture References
Slide 19:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
Slide 20:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/diät-groß-abbildung-gesund-3117938/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
Slide 21:
https://pixabay.com/de/haken-häkchen-check-abgeschlossen-1727484/

106. Picture References
Slide 22:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
Slide 23:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
https://pixabay.com/de/popcorn-film-kino-imbiss-theater-1614707/
https://pixabay.com/de/lustig-emoticon-lachen-facebook-3000956/
Slide 24:
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
https://pixabay.com/de/haken-häkchen-check-abgeschlossen-1727484/

107. Picture References
Slide 25:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/diät-groß-abbildung-gesund-3117938/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
https://pixabay.com/de/sprechblasen-kommentare-orange-303206/
https://pixabay.com/de/popcorn-film-kino-imbiss-theater-1614707/
https://pixabay.com/de/lustig-emoticon-lachen-facebook-3000956/
https://pixabay.com/de/haken-häkchen-check-abgeschlossen-1727484/
Slide 26:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/

108. Picture References
Slide 27:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
Slide 29:
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191931/
https://pixabay.com/de/bildschirm-desktop-computer-monitor-1970469/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107118/facebook_gray_square_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/avatar-kunden-kundschaft-ikonen-2191932/
https://pixabay.com/de/hand-cursor-schatten-klicken-sie-308374/
https://pixabay.com/de/lupe-suche-suchleiste-finden-icon-1976105/
https://pixabay.com/de/diät-groß-abbildung-gesund-3117938/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/107175/circle_color_facebook_icon
https://pixabay.com/de/popcorn-film-kino-imbiss-theater-1614707/
https://pixabay.com/de/lustig-emoticon-lachen-facebook-3000956/
https://pixabay.com/de/sprechblasen-kommentare-orange-303206/
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1747081/apple_device_gadget_smartwatch_watch_icon
Slide 30:
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1747081/apple_device_gadget_smartwatch_watch_icon

109. Picture References
Slide 32:
https://pixabay.com/de/schreibtisch-tablette-notizen-2037545/
Slide 36:
https://pixabay.com/de/hatena-denken-sie-an-frage-die-mühe-1184896/