Do Car Drivers Really Need Mobile Parking Payment? A Critical Evaluation of the Smart Service apparkB in Barcelona
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Presentation at the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Vancouver, Canada Thematic Area: Design, User Experience and Usability Thematic Subarea: Quality of Service in IT
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Do Car Drivers Really Need Mobile Parking Payment? A Critical Evaluation of the Smart Service apparkB in Barcelona
- 1. Do Car Drivers Really Need Mobile Parking Payment? A Critical Evaluation of the Smart Service apparkB in Barcelona 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver P$
- 3. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver How do they try to improve the sustainablity, efficiency and quality of life? Smart City Concepts Smart City (Broad Sense) Digital Infrastructure Cognitive Infrastructure Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Libraries Universities Museums
- 4. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver This is boring… WiFi Internet of Things? Mobile phone I know what ICT means Radio Frequency Identification Intelligent Fridge Definition of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) ? ? ?
- 5. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Definition of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Starting Point Smart Services SENSORSENSOR
- 6. Thematic Priority 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Data Data Free TAXI . . . Barcelona (Spain) is the 2nd largest city in Spain. is not only attractive for tourists but also for talents, professionals and business. conducted the Smart City Expo & World Congress the first time in 2011. has a lot of Smart City Projects that additionally created new jobs (1,870). transformed an old district into a knowledge urban space (22@ district) with an Urban Lab. P
- 7. Thematic Priority 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Data Data Free TAXI P . . . Barcelona (Spain) is the 2nd largest city in Spain. is not only attractive for tourists but also for talents, professionals and business. conducted the Smart City Expo & World Congress the first time in 2011. has a lot of Smart City Projects that additionally created new jobs (1,870). transformed an old district into a knowledge urban space (22@ district) with an Urban Lab.
- 9. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Smart Service: appark B P Mobile Parking Ticket P Prolong Parking Ticket P Mobile Payment P Locate your parked car
- 10. Methods 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver
- 13. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Methods Ease of Use Usefulness Trust Perceived Smart Service Quality Use Impact Diffusion Acceptance of Smart Service Need Satisfaction Users‘ Characteristics D1 D2 D3
- 15. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Collected Data Qualitative Qualitative Interviews Ten authorities Municipality Mobility Company Questionnaire Quantitative Information Service Evaluation (ISE) Model Distributed via Social Media N=131
- 16. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Research Question 1 (RQ1) How many people in Barcelona realize that they are living in a smart city?
- 17. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Research Question 2 (RQ2) How many people use apparkB? How often?
- 18. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Research Question 2 (RQ2) How many people use apparkB? How often?
- 19. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Research Question 2 (RQ2) How many people use apparkB? How often? Why do some people refuse to use it?
- 21. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Research Question 3 (RQ3) Are there any correlations between each dimension of the research model? ? ? ? P ?
- 22. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Questionnaire Seven-point Likert scale Free Online Survey Statements based on items of the research model (Ease of Use, ...)
- 23. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Preparation of Data 1. Proving if data is interval scaled Yes No Statements based on items of the research model (Ease of Use, ...)
- 24. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Preparation of Data 1. Proving if data is interval scaled Yes No Generating Median for RQ2 Do the participants agree on different statements? Statements based on items of the research model (Ease of Use, ...)
- 25. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Preparation of Data 1. Proving if data is interval scaled Yes No Generating Spearman-Rho rank correlation (RQ3) Are there any correlations between each dimension of the research model? Statements based on items of the research model (Ease of Use, ...)
- 26. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Preparation of Data for the Correlation D1: Perceived Smart Service Quality Ease of Use It is easy to use. Usefulness I prefer to use it for parking payment. Trust My credit card and bank information are safe while using it. D2: Acceptance of Smart Service Use How often do you use it? Impact It replaces manual parking payment. Diffusion I would recommend it to my friends/family. I would recommend it to other cities. D3: Users‘ Characteristics Satisfaction I am satisfied. Need It is needed.
- 27. Results 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver
- 28. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ1: Perceived Smartness of Barcelona 49%52% Do you know the definition of smart city? Yes No 57% 43% Do you know that Barcelona is labelled as smart city? Yes No N=131
- 29. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ2: Usage of apparkB 8% 92% Use and Opting-Out (Rejection) Use it Do not use it N=131
- 30. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ2: Usage of apparkB 8% 92% Use and Opting-Out (Rejection) Use it Do not use it N=131
- 31. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ2: Usage of apparkB 3% 3% 3% 3% 5% 10% 67% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% No device for it. Afraid of private data abuse. Use similar apps. Not satisfied with the service. Requires to much private information (by registration). No need. No car. Reasons for Rejection Agree; N = 120 No device for it. Afraid of private data abuse. Use similar apps. Not satisfied with the service. The registration requires too much private information. No need. No car. $
- 32. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ2: Usage of apparkB 8% 92% Use and Opting-Out (Rejection) Use it Do not use it N=131
- 33. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ2: Usage of apparkB 36% 18% 27% 0% 18% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% less often once a week several times a week once a day several times a day How often do you use apparkB? Agree; N = 11
- 34. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ2: Usage of apparkB 3 4.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Used to find a free parking space. (N = 10) Prolonging parking ticket always funtioned without any problems. (N = 10) I prefer to use it for parking payment.* I am satisfied with it.* My credit card and bank information are safe while using it.* Recommend it to my friends/family.* It is easer to prolong a parking ticket.* It is easy to use.* It works to locate my parked car. (N = 9) The payment functions without any technical problems.* It is easy to register as a user.* Replaces the manual parking payment.* Recommend such an app for other cities.* It is needed.* Agree (Median); *N = 11
- 35. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ3: Correlations between apparkB‘s Perceived Quality, Acceptance and Users‘ characteristics p<.05 *; p<.01 **; p<.001 ***
- 36. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ3: Correlations between apparkB‘s Perceived Quality, Acceptance and Users‘ characteristics Usefulness Use 0.762** The more apparkB is perceived as useful, the more it is used.
- 37. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ3: Correlations between apparkB‘s Perceived Quality, Acceptance and Users‘ characteristics Need Use 0.845** The higher apparkB‘s need, the more it is used.
- 38. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver RQ3: Correlations between apparkB‘s Perceived Quality, Acceptance and Users‘ characteristics Need 0.824** The more apparkB is recommended, the more it is needed. Diffusion
- 40. Discussion 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver What did we get? What could we learn? Rapid ethnographical field research and semi-structured interviews help to understand the circumstances and enable the collecting of real experience and know-how. Barcelona is not overloaded with high number of ICT services. The majority do not use the application as they do not have a car. The participants who have a car or use the application are satisfied with the application and recognize its need.
- 41. Discussion 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Is there a need to drive and park in the city?
- 43. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver It‘s your choice! more green-minded more comfortable Vancouver paybyphone Vancouver mobi
- 44. 14 July 2017 | Aylin Ilhan, Kaja J. Fietkiewicz and Wolfgang G. Stock| HCII 2017 Vancouver Thank you for your attention! Aylin.Ilhan@hhu.de Kaja.Fietkiewicz@hhu.de Stock@phil.hhu.de Department of Information Science