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1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAUM-590014
A Seminar Report On
“SPINTRONICS”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering
Submitted by
NAME
(usn)
Under the guidance of
Ms. Chandanita chatterjee. Dr.RJ Anandhi
Assistant Professor Vice Principal &
H.O.D Department of CSE Department of
CSE
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
The Oxford College of Engineering
Bommanahalli, Bangalore-68

2. 2017-2018
THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bommanahalli,Hosur Road,Bangalore – 560068
(Affiliated To Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the seminar entitled “SPINTRONICS” carried out by NAME
(usn) bonafide student of The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore in partial
fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science and Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during
the year 2017-2018. The seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.
Ms. Chandanita Chatterjee Dr. R.J.Anandhi
Assistant Professor H.O.D,Dept. of CSE

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible whose
constant guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success.
It gives us great pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude to our
respected Founder Chairman Late Shri S. Narasa Raju and to the respected Chairman
Shri S.N.V.L Narasimha Raju for having provided us with great infrastructure and well
furnished labs.
I take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude to our respected
Principal Dr. R.V Praveena Gowda for his support.
I am graceful to the VicePrincipal & Head of the Department Dr. R.J. Anandhi
for her unfailing encouragement and suggestion given to us in the course of our seminar
work.
Guidance and deadlines play a very important role in successful completion of
the project on time.I convey my gratitude to Ms Chandanita Chatterjee, Seminar Guide
for having constantly guided and monitored the development of the seminar.
A note of thanks to the Department of Computer Science Engineering, both
teaching and non-teaching staff for their co-operation extended to us.
We thank our parents for their constant support and encouragement. Last, but not
the least, we would like to thank our peers and friends.
NAME
usn
ii

4. ABSTRACT
Spintronics is an emergent technology that exploits the quantum propensity of the
electrons to spin as well as making use of their charge state. The spin itself is manifested
as a detectable weak magnetic energy state characterised as ―spin up or ―spin down .‖ ‖
Conventional electronic devices rely on the transport of electrical charge carriers –
electrons – in a semiconductor such as silicon. Now, however, device engineers and
physicists are inevitably faced the looming presence of quantum mechanics and are
trying to exploit the spin of the electron rather than its charge. Devices that rely on the
electron‘s spin to perform their functions form the foundations of spintronics (short for
spin-based electronics), also known as magnetoelectronics. Spintronics devices are
smaller than 100 nanometre in size, more versatile and more robust than those making up
silicon chips and circuit elements. The potential market is worth hundreds of billions of
dollar a year. Spintronics burst on the scene in 1988 when French and German physicists
discovered a very powerful effect called Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR). It results from
subtle electron-spin effects in ultra thin multilayers of magnetic materials, which cause
huge changes in their electrical resistance when a magnetic field is applied. This resulted
in the first spintronic device in the form of the spin valve. The incorporation of GMR
materials into read heads allowed the storage capacity of a hard disk to increase from one
to 20 gigabits. In 1997, IBM launched GMR read heads, into a market worth around a
billion dollars a year. The field of spintronics is relatively young and it is difficult to
predict how it will evolve. New physics is still being discovered and new materials being
developed, such as magnetic semiconductors and exotic oxides that manifest an even
more extreme effect called Colossal Magnetoresistance.

5. Table of Contents
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures iv
Chapter Page no
1. Introduction 01
2. Basic Principle 02
3. Gaint Magnetoresistance 04
4. Construction of GMR 06
5. Memory Chips 08
6. GMR Sensors 09
7. Spin Valve GMR 10
8. Spintronic Devices 11
9. MRAM 12
10. Spin Transistors 13
11. Spintronic Scanner 16
12. Conclusion 20
Reference
Appendix A

6. iv

7. LIST OF FIGURES
1. Electron spinning 02
2. Magnetic Orientation of electrons. 03
3. A GMR read head 04
4. A GMR Device 07
5. A General Magnetic Field Sensor 08
6. Spintronic Sensor 09
7. Standard Geometry for GMR based Spin Valves 10
8. GMR based Spin Valves for read head In hard drives 11
9. 256 K MRAM 12
10. Spin Transistor 13
11. Spin Polarised Field Effect Transisstor 14