Design and simulation of single phase five-level symmetrical cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter with reduces number of switches

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Multilevel inverter is an effective and practical solution for increasing power demand and reducing harmonics of ac waveforms. Such inverters synthesize a desired output voltage from several levels of dc voltages as inputs. This paper analyzes the performance of five level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with reduce number of power switches. Further by reducing switches and increasing level will reduce filter cost & harmonic content. 5- Level cascaded H-bridge asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology requires 8 switches but in this new multilevel inverter it requires 6 switches in which same multilevel is obtained. Invariably switching losses and cost also reduced. In this .paper only multilevel inverter circuitry will be studied. The performance has been analyzed by the MATLAB/Simulink.

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Design and Simulation of Single-Phase Five-Level
Symmetrical Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter with
Reduces Number of Switches
ABSTRACT:
Multilevel inverter is an effective and practical solution for increasing power demand and
reducing harmonics of ac waveforms. Such inverters synthesize a desired output voltage from
several levels of dc voltages as inputs. This paper analyzes the performance of five level
cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with reduce number of power switches. Further by
reducing switches and increasing level will reduce filter cost & harmonic content. 5- Level
cascaded H-bridge asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology requires 8 switches but in this new
multilevel inverter it requires 6 switches in which same multilevel is obtained. Invariably
switching losses and cost also reduced. In this .paper only multilevel inverter circuitry will be
studied. The performance has been analyzed by the MATLAB/Simulink.
KEYWORDS:
1. Cascaded multilevel inverter
2. SPWM
3. APOD
4. PD
5. POD
6. THD
SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

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Asoka Technologies

The demand for power supply and depletion of the conventional energy sources are increasing drastically. So to overcome this problem, the best alternative power generation for conventional fossil fuel is Photovoltaic solar cell based system because of its advantage of pollution free and its availability in abundance with free of cost. In the MPPT based PV system the converters are the most sensitive part. Therefore to provide uninterrupted power supply without compromising the quality of power, reliability evaluation of interleaved boost converter becomes necessary. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation studies and to determine the power losses of various components of the converter which is used in calculating the failure rates and reliability of the interleaved boost converter. Reliability studies of IBC have not been studied much. However there exists few literature in which reliability expression has been developed using Markov technique which is a more complex method as compare to Reliability Block Diagram (RBD). Therefore this paper proposes reliability modeling and reliability evaluation of Interleaved boost converter in MPPT based photo-voltaic system by using simple RBD method.

Reliability evaluation of MPPT based interleaved boost converter for PV system

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Voltage-source inverter has been used widely in traditional photovoltaic systems which have limitations. To overcome, Z-source inverter has been introduced. In spite of all the features introduced in Z-source inverter, its configuration has been improved over the years, like trans-Z-source inverter which has added advantages compared to traditional inverters, namely buck–boost feature, lesser passive elements, and higher voltage boost gain. In this paper, photovoltaic arrays are connected to the grid via the trans-Z-source inverter with the aim of improving its power quality. Moreover, the shoot through duty ratio is kept constant in the switching control method to add features like lower voltage stress (higher reliability), lower total harmonic distortion (lower maintenance cost), and higher voltage boost ratio. To evaluate the precision of the proposed system, the photovoltaic system is simulated on a standard grid and under partial shading condition which brings about voltage sag, and hence, a dynamic voltage restorer is used to mitigate voltage sag. Simulation results are presented to verify the validation of the proposed photovoltaic system in terms of voltage and current THD reducing 78.2% and 19.7%, respectively.

Power Quality Improvement of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Trans-...

Asoka Technologies

In electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs, energy efficiency is essential where the energy storage is limited. Adding to its high stability and low cost, the induction motor efficiency improves with loss minimisation. Also, it can consume more power than the actual need to perform its working when it is operating in less than full load condition. This study proposes a control strategy based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) for EV applications. FLC controller can improve the starting current amplitude and saves more power. Through the MATLAB/SIMULINK software package, the performance of this control was verified through simulation. As compared with the conventional proportional integral derivative controller, the simulation schemes show good, high-performance results in time-domain response and rapid rejection of system-affected disturbance. Therefore, the core losses of the induction motor are greatly reduced, and in this way improves the efficiency of the driving system. Finally, the suggested control system is validated by the experimental results obtained in the authors’ laboratory, which are in good agreement with the simulation results.

Power optimisation scheme of induction motor using FLC for electric vehicle

Asoka Technologies

This paper introduces a new approach for power flow control of interconnected AC-DC microgrids in grid-connected hybrid microgrids based on implementing a modified unified interphase power controller (UIPC). A typical grid-connected hybrid microgrid including one AC microgrid and one DC microgrid is considered as studied system. Instead of using the parallel-connected power converters, these microgrids are interconnected using a modified UIPC. As the first contribution of this paper, the conventional structure of UIPC, which uses three power converters in each phase, is modified so that a reduced number of power converters is implemented for power exchange control between AC-DC microgrids. The modified structure includes one power converter in each phase, named as line power converter (LPC), and a power converter which regulates the DC bus voltage, named as bus power converter (BPC) here. The AC microgrid is connected to the main grid through the LPCs which their DC buses are linked and can operate in capacitance mode (CM) or inductance mode (IM). A fuzzy logic controller is used in the control structure of the LPCs. The fuzzy inference system is optimized based on H∞ filtering method to reduce the errors in membership functions design. Through the BPC, the DC voltage of LPCs is supplied by the DC microgrid. However, since the DC microgrid voltage is provided here by a PV system, the DC link voltage of the LPCs is fluctuating. Thus, as the second contribution, to stabilize the DC link fluctuations, a new nonlinear disturbance observer based robust multiple-surface sliding mode control (NDO-MS-SMC) strategy is presented for DC side control of the BPC. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed power flow control strategy of the improved UIPC for hybrid microgrids.

Power Flow Control of Interconnected AC-DC Microgrids in Grid-Connected Hybri...

Asoka Technologies

Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controlled modified Unified Inter-Phase Power Controller (UIPC). For study, a classic hybrid micro-grid connected to grid comprising of a AC micro-grid and a DC micro-grid is taken into account. These micro-grids are interconnected employing a modified UIPC, rather than using the power converters connected in parallel. As the first input of this paper is the standard structure of UIPC, which used three power converters in every phase. It was then modified such as number of power converters is used less and implemented for the control of the exchange of power between AC-DC microgrids. In every phase there is one power electronic converter in the improved structure. It is called as Line Power Converter (LPC). Also there is Bus Power Converter (BPC) to regulate the voltage of the DC bus. The Line Power Converters links the AC micro-grid to the main grid. The DC buses are also linked with them. It can be operated in Inductance Mode (IM) as well as Capacitance Mode (CM). The control structure of LPCs has an Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller in it. For hybrid micro-grids, the capability of the suggested power flow control strategy is confirmed by the MATLAB simulation results.

Power flow control of hybrid micro grids using modified uipc

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This paper deals with the modified kernel least mean square (KLMS) control strategy in double-stage, solar photovoltaic (PV) grid tied system to enhance the power quality at common coupling point (CCP). This proposed control algorithm has less oscillations, fast convergence, fast dynamic response and good steady state performance. A control strategy is used to extract the fundamental active current component of load and generates reference grid current for a DC-AC converter. The proposed modified KLMS control mitigates multiple power quality concerns such as harmonics reduction, unity power factor and load balancing. The dynamic performance of proposed system is confirmed into the MATLAB\Simulink environment. Test results on hardware implementation are presented at varying solar irradiation levels and load unbalancing. Test results are found satisfactory and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid currents are observed well within the IEEE-519 standard.

Multifunctional grid tied pv system using modified klms control

Asoka Technologies

Electricity generation from the wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are highly dependent upon weather conditions. Their intermittent nature leads to fluctuations in their output. Therefore, the need for rapid compensation for energy transmission and distribution systems is increasingly important. Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) can be adopted for reactive power compensation and for decreasing the voltage fluctuation caused by the system and renewable energy sources. This study presents modelling of a Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Micro-grid and the increase of the stable operating limit of the system in case of the incorporation of STATCOM is examined. The major contribution of this paper is the optimization of gain parameters of four PI controllers in STATCOM control circuit based on genetic algorithms (GA) and Bacteria Foraging Algorithm (BFA) and therefore obtaining better responses and voltage stability in terms of nonlinear nature of solar-wind hybrid micro-grid. The Simulink models of the system architecture include a wind turbine model, a solar PV power system model and a STATCOM. It is certified that the voltage fluctuation at the end of the bus bar is reduced by 8% using conventional PI controller, by 10% for GA-based PI controller, and by 15% for BFA based PI controller under variable load. The results obtained by GA and BFA-based optimization of PI controllers are compared with that of the conventional controller and better results attained.

Modelling and voltage control of the solar wind hybrid micro-grid with optimi...

Asoka Technologies

The strive for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic systems motivated the power electronic design developed here. The work resulted in a DC-DC converter for module integration and distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a novel adaptive control scheme. The latter is essential for the combined features of high energy efficiency and high power quality over a wide range of operating conditions. The switching frequency is optimally modulated as a function of solar irradiance for power conversion efficiency maximization. With the rise of irradiance, the frequency is reduced to reach the conversion efficiency target. A search algorithm is developed to determine the optimal switching frequency step. Reducing the switching frequency may, however, compromise MPPT efficiency. Furthermore, it leads to increased ripple content. Therefore, to achieve a uniform high power quality at all conditions, interleaved converter cells are adaptively activated. The overall cost is kept low by selecting components that allow for implementing the functions at low cost. Simulation results show the high value of the module integrated converter for DC standalone and microgrid applications. A 400 W prototype was implemented at 0.14 Euro/W. Testing showed efficiencies above 95% taking into account all losses from power conversion, MPPT, and measurement and control circuitry.

Irradiance-adaptive PV Module Integrated Converter for High Efficiency and Po...

Asoka Technologies

Linear droop control can realize power sharing among generators in DC microgrid without relying on critical communication links. However, the droop relationship between output power and voltage magnitude of renewable power generate system is nonlinear with uncertainties and disturbances from renewable sources and loads in practical DC microgrid. A novel droop scheme is proposed for an isolated DC microgrid to solve the nonlinear problem. The control strategy is proposed by using the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model and sliding mode algorithm. The nonlinear droop characteristics can be represented by T-S model through taking advantage of locally measured output variables. The sliding mode droop controller is designed for compensating the uncertainties and disturbances to derive accurate power sharing based on T-S fuzzy model. The proposed scheme is proved to be effective under variable operating conditions through PSIM/Matlab simulation.

Intelligent Power Sharing of DC Isolated Microgrid Based on Fuzzy Sliding Mod...

Asoka Technologies

In this paper, a solar PV (Photovoltaic) array, a battery energy storage (BES), a diesel generator (DG) set and grid based EV charging station (CS) is utilized to provide the incessant charging in islanded, grid connected and DG set connected modes. The charging station is primarily designed to use the solar photovoltaic PV array and a BES to charge the electric vehicle (EV) battery. However, in case of exhausted storage battery and unavailable solar PV array generation, the charging station intelligently takes power from the grid or DG (Diesel Generator) set. However, the power from DG set is drawn in a manner that, it always operates at 80-85% loading to achieve maximum fuel efficiency under all loading conditions. Moreover, in coordination with the storage battery, the charging station regulates the generator voltage and frequency without a mechanical speed governor. It also ensures that the power drawn from the grid or the DG set is at unity power factor (UPF) even at nonlinear loading. Moreover, the PCC (Point of Common Coupling) voltage is synchronized to the grid/ generator voltage to obtain the ceaseless charging. The charging station also performs the vehicle to grid active/reactive power transfer, vehicle to home and vehicle to vehicle power transfer for increasing the operational efficiency of the charging station. The operation of the charging station is experimentally validated using the prototype developed in the laboratory.

Implementation of solar pv battery and diesel generator based electric vehic...

Asoka Technologies

In this paper, a high step-up Quasi-Z Source (QZS) DC-DC converter is proposed. This converter uses a hybrid switched-capacitors switched-inductor method in order to achieve high voltage gains. The proposed converter have resolved the voltage gain limitation of the basic QZS DC-DC converter while keeping its main advantages such as continuous input current and low voltage stress on capacitors. Compared to the basic converter, the duty cycle is not limited, and the voltage stress on the diodes and switch isn’t increased. In addition to these features, the proposed converter has a flexible structure, and extra stages could be added to it in order to achieve even higher voltage gains without increasing the voltage stress on devices or limiting the duty cycle. The operation principle of the converter and related relationships and waveforms are presented in the paper. Also, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed and other QZS based DC-DC converters is provided which confirms the superiority of the proposed converter. Simulations are done in PSCAD/EMTDC in order to investigate the MPPT capability of the converter. In addition, the valid performance and practicality of the converter are studied through the results obtained from the laboratory built prototype.

High step up quasi-z source dc-dc converter

Asoka Technologies

Electrical and electronic devices when exposed to one or more power quality problems are prone to failure. This paper aims to enhance the quality of power in three-phase four-wire distribution grid using Fuel Cell Integrated Unified Power Quality Conditioner (FCI-UPQC). The proposed FCI-UPQC has four-leg converter on the shunt side and three-leg converter on the series side. A combination of a synchronous reference frame (SRF) and Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP) theories are utilized to generate reference signals of the FCI-UPQC. Also, this paper proposes Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System controller to maintain DC link voltage in the FCI-UPQC. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System controller is designed like a sugeno fuzzy architecture and trained offline using data from the Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The obtained results proved that the proposed FCI-UPQC compensated power quality problems such as voltage sag, swell, harmonics, neutral current, source current imbalance in three-phase four-wire distribution grid. The presence of fuel cell in this work makes more effectiveness of the proposed system by providing real power support during supply interruption on the grid side.

Fuel cell integrated unified power quality conditioner for voltage and curren...

Asoka Technologies

In this paper, a distributed incremental adaptive filter (DIAF) controlled utility interfaced photovoltaic (PV) - battery microgrid system is presented with power quality features. From protection aspects, grid tied solar inverters are required to shut down at loss of the utility. However, the multi-purpose PV-battery system is developed to provide energy to the critical loads, even at loss of distribution network. The bidirectional controlled converter with a battery also mitigates the intermittency of a PV array under rapid variations in the weather. The extracted maximum power is supplied to the voltage source converter (VSC), which is transferred to the nonlinear loads and the utility. The distributed incremental adaptive filter is used to control the VSC with contribution of PV power and the battery. In addition, the DIAF control provides harmonics mitigation, load balancing and power factor improvement functionalities in order to deal with system connected with nonlinear loads. A PV power feed-forward (PVFF) term is incorporated in the current control for injection of active power to the utility as well as to improve the dynamic operation of residential PV-battery microgrid. The battery energy storage (BES) reduces the fuel bills and it is also utilized to provide smoothing attributes to the microgrid. The effectiveness of PV-battery microgrid is validated experimentally developed in the laboratory.

Distributed incremental adaptive filter controlled grid interactive residenti...

Asoka Technologies

This work proposes a microgrid (μ-grid) integrating wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) resources, along with the battery energy storage (BES) to the three phase grid feeding the nonlinear load. The μ-grid disconcerted by probabilistic nonlinear time dependent parameters and their effects are compensated by cohesive controllers used for utility grid side voltage source converter (GVSC) and machine side VSC (MVSC). The switching controls and the reconfigurability of the μ-grid are addressed on imperative aspects of improving power quality (PQ), power reliability, nonlinear load compensation and economic utilization of resources. The nonlinear load compensation and PQ enhancement are achieved by executing modified version of the adaptive filtering technique including “momentum” based least mean square (MLMS) control technique, utilized for providing the switching control signals to the GVSC. It utilizes two preceding gradient weights for obtaining updated weight thereby improving the convergence rate and overcoming the limitation of conventional control of the same family. The MVSC acquires its switching signals from conventional vector control scheme and the encoderless estimation of speed and rotor position of the synchronous generator (SG) driven by wind turbine through back electromotive force control technique. The external environmental disturbances are overcome by utilizing perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point (MPP) for wind optimal power extraction and adaptive P&O with variable perturbation step size for solar MPP estimation. Test results are obtained from the laboratory prototype under steady state and dynamic conditions including altering wind speed, intermittent solar insolation and variable load conditions. The PQ issues are addressed and investigated successfully.

Development of wind and solar based ac microgrid with power quality improveme...

Asoka Technologies

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is becoming an attractive estimation and regression technique in many control applications due to its parallel computing nature and high learning capability. There has been a lot of effort in employing the ANN in shunt active power filter (APF) control applications. Adaptive Linear Neuron (ADALINE) and feed-forward Multilayer Neural Network (MNN) are the most commonly used ANN techniques to extract fundamental and/or harmonic components present in the non-linear currents. This paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding on realizing ADALINE and feed-forward MNN based control algorithms for shunt APF. A step-by-step procedure to implement these ANN based techniques, in Matlab/ Simulink environment, is provided. Furthermore, a detailed analysis on the performance, limitation and advantages of both methods is presented in the paper. The study is supported by conducting both simulation and experimental validations.

Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Shunt APF Control

Asoka Technologies

This paper presents a control approach for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) under a wide range of wind speeds. Generally, most of the wind turbines are turned-off and disconnected from the power grid, in case wind velocity is gone over 25 m/s. It may cause wind power supply shortage from wind farms. This research introduces a pitch angle controller as well as a rotational speed control system so that the PMSG based WECS can generate power if the wind speeds are above 25 m/s. The proposed method reduces the mechanical stress of the wind turbine by preferential reducing of the rotational speed rather than the mechanical torque during strong wind condition. As a result, the chance of turning-off the is reduced compared to the conventional control system because the PMSG based WECS can temporarily tolerate the wind speed up to 35 m/s. A 2 MW WECS with the electrical and mechanical characteristics is modeled in the MATLAB/Sim Power Systems® to verify the proposed research.

Control strategy of pmsg based wind energy conversion system under strong win...

Asoka Technologies

Power quality is highlighted as an important parameter in modern power systems. Moreover, grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are increasing significantly in size and capacity. Elsewhere, due to the progressive integration of nonlinear loads in the grid, the principal role of a Solar Energy Conversion System (SECS) is not only to capture the maximum power from solar but, also to ensure some ancillary services and improve the quality of power. This paper presents a novel strategy dedicated to improve the management of active power generation, reactive power compensation and power quality of a SECS, while guaranteeing the possibility of exploiting the full capacity of the Power Conditioning System (PCS) and the PhotoVoltaic System (PVS). The proposed control algorithm is applied to a large scale PVS connected to the grid through a cascade of a DC-DC converter and a PWM inverter. This control strategy manages the SECS function’s priorities, between main active power generation, reactive power compensation and active filtering in such a way to guarantee a smooth and stable DC voltage and ensure a sinusoidal grid current. Top priority is given to the active power production over power quality improvement. Then, priority is given to reactive power compensation over mitigation of current harmonics absorbed by the non-linear load connected to the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Moreover, the whole system upper limits of active and reactive powers have been determined in the (PQ) power plane on the basis of PVS available power, converters rated power and DC bus voltage smoothness and stability. Finally, a control procedure dedicated to the calculation of the inverter current commands is proposed in order to exploit the full capacity of the SECS and respect the determined power limits. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and the performance of this control strategy and prove that the SECS can operate at its full power whilst the power quality can be improved by reactive power compensation and active filtering.

Control and energy management of a large scale grid connected pv system

Asoka Technologies

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