protective technique By Arif Raza

1. Mohammad Arif Raza M.Phil Education
Respected Sir DR. Hameed Nawaz

2. Projective
Techniques:
“Belief is to
believe in
something
that is
intangible
and invisible.”
(Napoleon
Bonaparte)

3. Projective techniques are a method
of understanding
the inner world of the individual.

4.  Psychological technique to get answers without
asking a direct question
 Participants project their unconscious beliefs
into other people or objects
 Reduces threat of personal vulnerability
 Consists of a stimulus and a response

5. Theoretical Foundations of PT
• Uncover feelings, beliefs, attitudes and
motivation which many consumers find
difficult to articulate
• Discover the person’s characteristic modes of
perceiving his or her world and how to behave
in it
• Enter the private worlds of subjects to uncover
their inner perspectives in a way they feel
comfortable with

6.  Verbal Techniques
 Autobiographical Memories
 Performance Techniques

7.  It is a simple technique devised by Galton in
1879.
 In word association respondents are presented
with a list of words one at a time and asked to
respond to each with the first word that comes
to mind .
 The word of interest called test words usually
55 single words.

8. Word association
test

9.  This includes list of 40 incomplete sentences
and there is no specific time limit for the
respondent and psychologist.
 The respondent makes such sentences that
manifest his unconscious desires, thinking,
frustrations, emotions, anxiety, mental state
etc.

10.  In Sentence completion or unfinished sentences,
the respondents are given incomplete sentences
and asked to complete them. Generally, they are
asked to use the first word or phrase that comes to
mind.
Example
 My father seldom.......................
 Most people don't know that I'm afraid of..............
 When I was a child, I.......................
 When encountering frustration, I usually………………
 I think most girls/boys ……….. ……..

11. •DEVELOPOED SWISS PSYCHOLOGIS
HERMANN RORSCHACH IN 1921

12. CONSISTS OF
TEN symmetrical inkblots appear on separate
CARDS
BLACK AND WHITE(5), TWO COLOURED (2),
MULTICOLOURED(3)Seating side by side
Cards are shown one a time in the same order
Two Phases Process
•FREE ASSOCIATION PHASE
•AN INQUIRY PHASE

13. Ink blot test

14.  THE RORSCHACH INKBLOT TEST IS THE
MOST COMMONLY USED PROJECTIVE
TEST
 IN A 1971 SURVEY OF TEST USAGE, IT WAS
USED IN 91% OF 251 CLINICAL SETTINGS
SURVEY
 IT IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED TESTS
THAT EXISTS
 IT IS WIDELY CITED IN RESEARCH
 USED IN ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY AND
THOUGHT DISORDER

15.  DEVELOPED BY HENRY A. MORGAN
 AND CHRISTIAN D. MURRAY IN 1935
 IT IS BASED ON MURRAYS THEORY OF
NEEDS –IT IS DESIGNEDTO FERRET OUT
PEOPLE’S BASIC NEEDS BY HAVING
THEM TO TELL STORIES

17.  instructions are as follows
 THIS IS A TEST OF IMAGINATION. I AM GOING TO SHOW YOU
SOME PICTURES, ONE AT A TIME,
 AND YOUR TASK WILL BE TO MAKE UP A STORY AS DRAMATIC
AND IMAGINATIVE AS POSSIBLE.
 WHAT IS HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT
AND WHAT THE CHARACTERS ARE FEELING AND
THINKING?
 WHAT WENT BEFORE/ WHAT LED UP TO IT?
 WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN/ WHAT THE
OUTCOME WILL BE?
 SPEAK YOUR THOUGHTS AS THEY COME TO YOUR MIND.
 STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF TAT– HOW THE STORIES ARE TOLD,
LANDUAGE, AND EXPRESSION ARE ALSO OBSERVED

18. DRAW- A – PERSON TEST

19.  TEST ADMINISTRATION INVOLVES THE
ADMINISTRATOR REQUESTING CHILDREN TO
COMPLETE THREE INDIVIDUAL DRAWINGS
ON SEPARATE PIECES OF PAPER.
 CHILDREN ARE ASKED TO DRAW A MAN, A
WOMAN, AND THEMSELVES.
 NO FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS ARE GIVEN AND
THE CHILD IS FREE TO MAKE THE DRAWING IN
WHICHEVER WAY HE/SHE WOULD LIKE.

20.  The subjects have to explain why certain things
are most important¨ or least important¨, or to
"rank" or order¨ or “categorize” certain factors
associated with a product, brand or service

21. •Should used only when required
information cannot obtained by direct
method
•Should used for exploratory research
•Should not used for truthfully

22. Advantages
•Reliable
•Close connection
between situation
and diagnosis
•Less chance of
readymade answers
•Spontaneous
responses
•Easy to understand
the personality

23. Disadvantages
•Highly trained
interviewers
•Bias interpreters
•Costly method
•Time consuming
•Few are standard
techniques
•Respondent may not be
the representative of
entire population