1. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 1
SHIPPING HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
A Training Course in 49CFR
Updated 6/99
Prokopis A. Christou, P.E.
pcjr101@yahoo.com
www.hazmat101.com
2. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 2
Course Objectives
Provides a review of U.S. DOT Hazardous
Materials Regulations
Forms part of recurrent training as
required by 49CFR
3. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 3
Hazardous Materials Regulations
Hazardous materials are regulated in order
to:
– Prevent accidents, leaks and spills
– Help emergency responders
– Ensure that HAZMAT employees are aware
of the hazards of materials they handle
4. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 4
What Are Hazardous Materials?
“HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are any
substances or materials, including
environmentally hazardous substances,
which have been determined to be
capable of posing an unreasonable risk to
health, safety or property when
transported in commerce, and have been
so designated.” (171.8)
5. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 5
Laws Affect Transportation of
Hazardous Materials
Regulations
US DOT Reg. 49 CFR ..........................All modes within the USA
ICAO Technical Instructions ................International air transport
IATA Dangerous Goods Reg................ Commercial air transport
IMDG Code ..........................................International sea transport
TDG Regulations Regulations .............Shipments to/from Canada
Mexican DOT Regs. ........................... Shipments to/from Mexico
6. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 6
The Hazardous Materials Regs
The HMR of the Federal Hazardous Materials
Transportation LAW (49 CFR) apply to:
– Responsibilities for offering and accepting shipments
– Classification of hazardous materials
– Packaging standards
– Shipping papers
– Labels, marks and placards
– Emergency response requirements
– Training requirements
– Registration
– Segregation and modal requirements
7. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 7
Penalties
Civil Penalties
– Maximum fines up to $25,000 per day per
violation. Updated for inflation
Criminal Penalties
– Fines up to $500,000 per day per violation
– Up to five years in prison
Injunctive Action
– Shipments stopped or seized
8. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 8
Enforcement Authorities
Research & Special Programs Admin.
(RSPA)
Federal Highway Administrations (FHA)
State DOT /State police
Federal Railway Administration (FRA)
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
U.S. Coast Guard
9. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 9
Numbering Sections in 49 CFR
172. 500 (b) (1)
Part SectionParagraph Subparagraph
10. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 10
Structure of HMR
– Part 171 Definitions
– Part 172 - Hazard Communication
– Part 172.101 - Hazardous Materials Table
– Part 173 - Classification and Packaging
– Part 174, 175, 176 & 177 - Modal Variations
– Part 178 - Standards for Non-Bulk Packaging
– Part 179 - Standards for Bulk Packaging (tank
cars)
– Part 180 - Continuing qualification/maint.
11. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 11
Administrative Requirements
Registration for certain shippers and
transporters
Training of HAZMAT employees
12. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 12
Training Requirements [172.704]
Train all HAZMAT employees to:
– Understand the regulations
– Recognize and identify hazardous materials
– Know reg. requirements that apply to his/her job
– Be aware of relevant emergency response info.
Types of Training: General awareness, function
specific, safety
Safety/OSHA/EPA training
Driver training (CDL)
13. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 13
Administrative Requirements
The HAZMAT employer must
– Train & test employees
– Certify & keep records
Training Compliance Dates
– New employee - 90 days
– Job function changed - 90 days
– Update every 3 years
14. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 14
Six Steps to Compliance
1. Classification - obtain shipping
description
2. Packaging - selection and assembly
3. Marking of packages
4. Labeling of packages
5. Shipping papers & emergency response
info
6. Placarding & marking of vehicles
For NJ-review Steps 1, 5 and 6
15. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 15
Step 1 of the Six Step Procedure
Obtain shipping description (172.202)
SHIP--The Basic Shipping Description
consists of:
– The Shipping Name
– The Hazard Classification
– The Identification Number (UN or NA)
– The Packing Group
17. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 17
Packing Groups
Packing Group I - Great danger
Packing Group II - Moderate danger
Packing Group III - Mild danger
18. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 18
Hazard Classes/Divisions
Class 1 - Explosives (173.50)
Class 2 - Compressed gasses (173.115)
Class 3 - Flammable liquids (173.120)
Class 4 - Flammable solids (173.240)
Class 5 - Oxidizers and organic Peroxides (173.127 & 128)
Class 6 - Poisonous and infectious materials (173.132 & 134)
Class 7 - Radioactives (173.403)
Class 8 - Corrosive materials (173.136)
Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials (173.140)
ORM - Other Regulated Material (173.144)
Elevated Temperature (171.8)
19. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 19
Multiple Hazards
Some materials may have more than one
hazard
The first one is called the primary hazard
Other hazards are called subsidiary
hazards
How do you determine primary hazard
– Precedence of Hazard Table (173.2a(b))
– HM Table
20. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 20
Hazardous Substances
“Hazardous substances” are materials that:
Are listed in Appendix A to Section
172.101; AND
Are in a quantity in one package that
equals or exceeds the listed Reportable
Quantity (RQ)
Example?
21. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 21
Marine Pollutants
“Marine pollutants” are defined as
materials which:
Are listed in Appendix B to Table 172.101;
AND
Are packaged in a concentration greater
than 10% for marine pollutant or 1% for
severe marine pollutants
22. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 22
Using the HM Table (172.101)
Shipping names
Hazard classes
Identification numbers
Labeling requirements
Special provisions
Package specifications
23. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 23
Shipping Name Procedures (I)
Chemicals listed by name
Chemicals not listed by name
– Generic names based on hazard
– Generic names based on chemical family
– Generic names based on usage
– Technical name rule for generic names
(172.203(k)(3))
24. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 24
Shipping Name Procedures (II)
Hazardous Substances and Marine
Pollutants, not meeting the definition of a
DOT hazard class
– Environmentally hazardous substance,
liquid, n.o.s.
– Environmentally hazardous substance, solid,
n.o.s.
– Other regulated substance, liquid, n.o.s
– Other regulated substance, solid, n.o.s.
25. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 25
Step 5 of the Six Step Procedure
Completing the shipping paper for
hazardous material shipments
26. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 26
The Shipping Description
S H I P -- The shipping paper must show the basic
shipping description, consisting of:
– Proper shipping name
– Hazard class and division (subsidiary is
optional for domestic shipment)
– Identification number (UN or NA)
– Packing Group (I, II or III)
» PLUS more?
– The total quantity
27. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 27
Additional Shipping Paper
Requirements (I)
DOT exemption number, if applicable
Limited Quantity, if applicable
RQ for hazardous substances
Marine Pollutant
Residue, last contained, if applicable
Dangerous When Wet for Division 4.3
[172.203]
28. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 28
Additional Shipping Paper
Requirements (II)
Technical name(s) in parentheses
Poison Inhalation Hazard, if applicable
Poison, if not otherwise indicated
HOT for elevated temperature material
Radioactives
Special requirements for air, rail and
water
29. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 29
Shipper’s Certification
“This is to certify the above named
materials are properly classified,
described, packaged, marked and labeled,
and are in proper condition for
transportation according to the applicable
regulations of the Department of
Transport.”
[172.204]
30. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 30
Hazardous and Non-Hazardous
Materials
You can list hazardous and non-hazardous
materials on the same shipping paper, if
you do one of the following:
– Enter all hazardous materials first
– Highlight hazardous materials
– Mark an “X” or RQ in column headed
“Hazardous Materials” or “HM”
31. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 31
Emergency Response Information
Shippers use MSDS, ERG, forms. Information
must include:
– Basic Description of the hazardous material
– Immediate hazards to health
– Risks of fire or explosion
– Immediate precautions in case of an accident
– Procedures in case of fire
– Methods for handling spills and leaks
– Preliminary first aid
– 24-hour telephone number
33. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 33
Step 6 of the Six Step Procedure
Placarding vehicles and containers of
hazardous materials (172.500)
34. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 34
Background
Placards, labels, identification numbers,
markings, and shipping papers are
hazard communicate hazard information.
35. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 35
What is
A label?
A marking?
A placard?
An identification number?
What is a primary hazard placard/label?
Subsidiary hazard placard/label must not
include class/division number on the
bottom corner.
36. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 36
What to placard?
Table 1 - placard any quantity
– cannot use “DANGEROUS” placard
Table 2 - Placard if total quantity 454 kg
(1001 pounds)
– “DANGEROUS” placard permitted for mixed
load if < 1000 Kg (2205 lb) per class loaded at
facility
37. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 37
Identification Numbers and
placement
Bulk containers must display the identification
number of their contents, either on the placard,
or an orange panel beside the placard.
Placards should be placed on each end and each
side of motor vehicles or railroads.
Cargo tanks and portable tanks less than 1000
gallons require two placards on opposite sides
of the tank
51. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 51
Exceptions may be allowed
– Small Quantities Exceptions (173.4)
– Materials of Trade (MOT) (173.6)
– Exceptions for various classes/div. (173.13 )
– Limited Quantity, ORM-D (column 8A)
– Agricultural operations (173.5)
– Government material (173.7)
– Placarding exceptions
– DOT Exemptions
52. DOT/HMR Training 6/98 -- 49CFR -- P.Christou 52
Summary
UNDERSTAND the hazard of the materials you handle
KNOW and FOLLOW all your HAZMAT
responsibilities, as they apply to your job
You must know the BASIC DESCRIPTION of a
material to ship it properly
If you have questions, ASK SOMEONE who knows.
Consult regs, procedures, others