Hazardous Material Safety

1. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
University of Michigan
Biological Materials
workshop
Presented by Richard Hudes
October 10, 2017
Hazardous Material
Safety Program
Federal Aviation
Administration

2. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Warning
This Presentation
Will Not fulfill
Department of Transportation
or International
Hazardous Material / Dangerous
Goods Training requirements
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3. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Valujet Flight 592
May 11, 1996
VALUJET FLIGHT 592
144 undeclared, improperly
packaged oxygen generators
Impacted Florida Everglades
at 440 knots
110 Passengers &
Crewmembers Killed
110 passengers and crew
members killed
Oxygen generator
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4. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Organization
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5. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation Administration
The Office of Security and Hazardous Materials Safety
(AHX)
Provide quality services to
ensure and promote aviation
safety in support of national
security and the national
aerospace system.
Mission
Prevent fatalities resulting
from improper shipments
of hazardous materials in U.S.
air commerce.
Objective
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6. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
FAA Hazmat Organization
EastCentralWest
New England
New York
Atlanta
Chicago
Fort Worth
Seattle
Los Angeles
Great Lakes
Headquarters
Washington, DC
Re Organization in Progress
One office - One program
Across the Country
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7. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Authority to
Inspect & Conduct
Investigations
49 United States Code, Section 40113
“The Secretary of Transportation, Under Secretary, or
Administrator of the Federal Aviation,
may take action as appropriate or necessary
to carry out this part, including conducting
investigations, prescribing regulations, standards, and
procedures, and issuing orders.”
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8. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Hazmat Overview
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9. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Hazardous Material Definition
Hazardous material
(hazmat) is a substance or
material that the Secretary
of Transportation has
determined is capable of
posing an unreasonable
risk to health, safety,
and property when
transported in commerce.
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10. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
9 Classes of Hazmat
1 Explosives 2 Gases 3 Flammable Liquids 4 Flammable Solids
5 Oxidizer,
Organic Peroxide
6 Poison,
Infectious Substances
7 Radioactive 8 Corrosive 9 Miscellaneous
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11. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Hazmat Employer and Employee
A person who employs or uses
at least one hazmat employee
on a full-time, part time, or
temporary basis; and who:
 transports hazardous materials
in commerce,
 causes hazardous materials to be
transported in commerce.
Employer
A person who is employed on
a full-time, part time, or
temporary basis by a hazmat
employer and who directly
affects hazardous materials
transportation safety.
Employee
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12. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
FAA Critical Commodities
Materials that have been
identified through
quantitative threat
assessment to carry an
increased probability of
catastrophic results
when involved in an
in-flight incident.
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13. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
FAA Critical Commodities
 Oxygen generators/oxidizing gases
 Flammable gas torches
 Batteries of all types (Lithium!!!)
 Gasoline powered devices of all types
 Fireworks
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14. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
UPS Dubai
September 3, 2010
2 crew members killed
90,000 lithium batteries
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15. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
FAA Critical Commodities
Regionally selected Critical
Commodities are chosen based
on trends of non-compliance
and/or geographical hotspots.
Great Lakes Region
Paint and
paint related
materials
Infectious substances
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16. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Hazmat Safety Program (HMSP)
Trend Analysis
 Incidents
 Discrepancies
 Violations
 Risk Analysis
Outreach
 Presentations
 Advisory Bulletins
 Educational Visits
 Public Initiatives
Inspections
 Training
 Documentation
 Packaging
 Classification
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17. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Hazmat Safety Program
Air Carriers
 Accept
 Transport
Shippers
 Prepare
 Offer
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18. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Controlling Documents
49 CFR
Multi-Modal
ICAO
International Air
IATA
Optional Air
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19. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Dry Ice, Biologicals & Non Infectious
Specimens – Shipping Perspective
 Classification
 Training
 Packaging
 Exceptions /Exemptions
 Excepted / De minimis Quantities
 Passenger, Crew and Operator
Exceptions
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20. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
Classification
 UN 1845 Carbon Dioxide, Solid
or Dry Ice, Hazard Class 9 (49
CFR/IATA)
Hazards
 Can create an oxygen deficient
atmosphere
 Releases a large volume of carbon
dioxide gas as it sublimates
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21. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
FAA Advisory Circular
AC No :91-76
Hazard Associated with
Sublimation of Solid Carbon
Dioxide (Dry Ice) Aboard
Aircraft
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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22. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
AC 91-76
X = Dry ice loading in lb
(CO2 concentration) (Aircraft Volume, ft3) (Complete air exchanges per hour*)
X = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(sublimation rate)
Example 1a:
Aircraft volume: 5000 ft3
Complete air exchanges per hour: 10
Allowable CO2 concentration (TLV, 0.5%): 0.005
Sublimation rate of 1%/hour (8.5 ft3 CO2/100 lb dry ice/hour): 0.085
(0.005) (5000) (10)
X = --------------------------------- = 2941 lbs. of dry ice
(0.085)
Example 1b:
Conditions same as example 1 except that the complete air exchange has doubled.
Complete air exchanges per hour: 20
(0.005) (5000) (20)
X = --------------------------------- = 5882 lbs. of dry ice
(0.085)
Example 2: Applies when the shipment consists of small (5 lb) packages of dry ice.
Aircraft volume: 5000 ft3
Complete air exchanges per hour: 20
Allowable CO2 concentration (TLV, 0.5%): 0.005
Sublimation rate of 2%/hour ((2 x 8.5 ft3 CO2)/100 lbs. dry ice/hour): 0.17
(0.005) (5000) (20)
X = --------------------------------- = 2941 lbs. of dry ice
(0.17)
* Since newer models of airplanes recycle as much as 50% of the cabin ventilated air, instead of providing 100% fresh air as older models did, the number of complete cabin air exchanges of fresh
air is required to determine the amounts of dry ice that can be transported.
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Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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23. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Training
 Level of training dependent upon
quantity, circumstance, and
method of Shipping
 49 CFR – Part 172.700 and Part
173.217 (training exceptions)
 IATA - Must train in accordance
with Section 1.5 Training tables
to include Packing Instruction
954
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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24. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Packaging –
49 CFR/IATA
 Venting – the package
must be constructed to
permit the release of
carbon dioxide gas to
prevent a build of pressure
that could rupture the
packaging
 Specification packaging not
required
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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25. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Packaging - 49 CFR/IATA
 Marked with Proper shipping name
Carbon dioxide Solid or DRY ICE and the
identification number UN1845
 Indication of the net mass of the Carbon
dioxide, Solid or Dry Ice must be marked
on the outside of the package
 Shipments prepared in accordance with
IATA must display a Class 9 label
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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26. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Packaging 49 CFR - Transportation by aircraft
Dry ice is excepted from the shipping paper requirements
provided alternative written documentation is supplied
containing the following information:
 Proper shipping name Dry ice or Carbon dioxide, solid
 UN number 1845
 Number of packages
 The net quantity of dry ice in each package.
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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27. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
49 CFR - Exception 1
 Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice), in quantities not
exceeding 2.5 kg (5.5 pounds) per package and used as a
refrigerant for the contents of the package is excepted
from all other requirements of this subchapter if the
package is:
 Marked “Carbon dioxide, solid” or “Dry ice”,
 Marked with the name of the contents being cooled
 Package is marked with the net weight of the dry ice
 Package Vented
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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28. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
49 CFR - Exception 2 - Medical Shipments
 Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice), when used to
refrigerate materials being shipped for diagnostic
or treatment purposes (e.g., frozen medical
specimens), is excepted from the shipping paper
and certification requirements of this subchapter
if:
 Package Permits Venting / Operator arrangements
 The package is marked “Carbon dioxide, solid” or
“Dry ice” and is marked as being transported for
diagnostic or treatment purposes.
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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29. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Exceptions /Exemptions
 IATA – Shipper’s Declaration not required
(Air Way Bill documentation is)
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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30. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
IATA - Example
 Class 9 label
 UN 1845, Dry Ice or (Carbon
dioxide, solid)
 The net weight of dry ice in
kilograms
 The full name, address, and
telephone number of the
shipper and consignee
 Air waybill requirements
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31. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
9
Excepted and De minimis Quantities
Not permitted under
 49 CFR / IATA
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
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32. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Passenger, Crew and Operator Exceptions
Dry Ice - Shipping Perspective
49 CFR / IATA - Dry ice (carbon dioxide, solid), with the
approval of the operator:
 Quantities may not exceed 2.5 kg (5.5 pounds) per
person when used to pack perishables (non Hazardous)
 Package must permit the release of carbon dioxide gas
 When carried in checked baggage, each package is
marked “DRY ICE” or “CARBON DIOXIDE, SOLID,” and
marked with the net weight of dry ice or an indication
the net weight is 2.5 kg (5.5 pounds) or less
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33. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Biologicals - Shipping Perspective
 Classification
 Training
 Packaging
 Exceptions /Exemptions
 Excepted / De minimis Quantities
 Passenger, Crew and Operator
Exceptions
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34. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Classification
 Shipper Responsibility
 Materials classified in accordance with
Part 172 and Part 173
 Infectious Substance
 A material known or reasonably expected to
contain a pathogen
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective

35. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
 Specific Instructions - 49 CFR Part 173.196 or
IATA Packing Instruction 620
 Category A infectious substances
 An infectious substance in a form capable of
causing permanent disability or life-threatening
or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or
animals when exposure to it occurs
 Marked label and Shipped as UN2814 or
UN2900/Infectious substance, affecting humans
or animals /Class 6.2
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective

36. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Does not include regulated medical waste - UN 3291.
 Specific Instructions - 49 CFR Part 173.199 or IATA
Packing Instruction 650
 Category B infectious substances
 An infectious substance that is not in a form
generally capable of causing permanent disability
or life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise
healthy humans or animals when exposure
occurs.
 Must be described as “Biological substance,
Category B”, assigned to identification UN3373
and marked with UN 3373 marking
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective

37. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
 Training
 Category A infectious substances
 As specified in 49 CFR Part 172.700
 Specifically 173.134 and 173.196
 IATA: Section 1.5 and Packing Instruction 620
 Category B infectious substances
 Each person who offers or transports a Category B
infectious substance under the provisions of this section
must know about the requirements of this section.
 IATA: Provided clear instruction on Packing Instruction 650
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective

38. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Packaging - Category A Infectious Substances
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective
 Specification Packaging (Part 178)
 Category A infectious substance is a triple
packaging consisting of the following components
 A leakproof primary receptacle.
 A leakproof secondary packaging. Multiple fragile
primary receptacles must be either wrapped
individually or separated
 May contain refrigerants (Dry Ice)

39. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration39
Biologicals - Shipping Perspective
Packaging - Category A Infectious Substances
 A rigid outer specification packaging
 Absorbent material for liquids placed between the
primary receptacle and the secondary packaging
sufficient to absorb the entire contents
 An itemized list of contents
 The primary receptacle or secondary packaging
must be capable of withstanding, without leakage,
an internal pressure producing a pressure
differential of not less than 95 kPa (0.95 bar, 14 psi)

40. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Category A infectious Packaging Example
Note: The “Technical name” should not be marked on the outer
package of a Division 6.2 material
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41. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Packaging - Category B infectious
substances
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective
 Similar to Category A
infectious
substances/Triple Packed
 Strong Outer Packaging Vs
Specification Packaging
 Leak Proof up to 95 kPa
 May contain refrigerants
(Dry Ice)

42. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration42
Biologicals - Shipping Perspective
Category B infectious Packaging Examples

43. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Exceptions / Exemptions - 49 CFR
Extensive List (just a few)
 A material that does not contain an infectious substance
or that is unlikely to cause disease in humans or animals
 A material containing pathogens that have been
neutralized or inactivated and no longer pose a health
risk
 Dried blood spots or specimens for fecal occult blood
detection placed on absorbent filter paper or other
material
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective

44. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Exceptions / Exemptions – Extensive List
 49 CFR / IATA
 A human or animal sample (including, but not limited
to, secreta, excreta, blood and its components, tissue
and tissue fluids, and body parts) being transported
for routine testing not related to the diagnosis of an
infectious disease, such as for drug/alcohol testing,
cholesterol testing, blood glucose level testing and
prostate specific antibody testing for which there is a
low probability the sample is infectious.
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective

45. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Exceptions / Exemptions – Packaging and
Marking
The packaging must consist of three
components – IATA/ICAO requirement
 A leakproof primary receptacle(s)
 A leakproof secondary packaging; and
 An outer packaging of adequate
strength for its capacity, mass and
intended use
 Marked to indicate “Exempt Human
Specimen”
Exempt Human
Specimen
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective

46. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
 49 CFR / IATA
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Biologicals - Shipping Perspective
Excepted and De minimis Quantities
 Infectious Substances Category A & B not
authorized for air transportation

47. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration47
Non-infectious Specimens
Passenger, Crew and Operator
Exceptions - 49 CFR / IATA
 Applies to Non-infectious
specimens in preservative solutions
 Such as specimens of mammals,
birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish,
and insects preserved in small
quantities of solution
 Quantity Limits - 30 mL of solution
per specimen

48. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration48
Non-infectious Specimens
 Specific Packaging requirements
(triple packed) with cushioning
and absorbent material
 The completed outer package
must be legibly marked
“Scientific research specimens,
49 CFR 173.4b applies.” or
“Scientific research specimens
not restricted Special Provision
A180 applies”

49. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Outreach
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50. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Prohibited Hazmat
Commonly Found in Luggage
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51. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Camping & Outdoors
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52. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Household Items
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53. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Miscellaneous
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54. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
faa.gov/about/initiatives/hazmat_safety/
FAA Pack Safe
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55. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
faa.gov/go/hazmatsafety
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56. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Contact Information
 FAA Great Lakes, Regional Operations Center (ROC)
1-817-222-5006
 FAA Chicago Regional Hazmat Office
1-847-294-7414
 PHMSA Hazardous Materials Information Center (HMIC)
1-800-467-4922
 National Response Center (NRC)
1-800-424-880
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57. Federal Aviation
Administration
Federal Aviation
Administration
Questions
Richard Hudes
richard.hudes@faa.gov
(513) 842-9608
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