a) The language is syntactically invalid. There are 7 syntax rules being violated. b) The language is syntactically invalid. There are 4 syntax rules being violated. c) The language is syntactically invalid. There are 18 syntax rules being violated. d) The language is syntactically valid. Solution a) The language is syntactically invalid. There are 7 syntax rules being violated. b) The language is syntactically invalid. There are 4 syntax rules being violated. c) The language is syntactically invalid. There are 18 syntax rules being violated. d) The language is syntactically valid..