Potential of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.) - A Multipurpose Under-utilized Crop of Dry Temperate Himalayas by Virendra Singh, HPKV, India - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok

1. Prof. Virendra Singh
Principal Investigator
Projects on Seabuckthorn (DST/DBT)
CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, HP, India
(E-mail: virendrasingh1961@yahoo.com)
Potential of seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.)-A multipurpose
under-utilized crop of dry temperate Himalayas

2. International Conference on Seabuckthorn, Nov.
24-26, 2015, N. Delhi

3. Distribution of species in HP Himalayas
H. tibetana (4200 m asl)
H. rhamnoides (3400 m asl)
H. salicifolia (3200 m asl)

4. Ecological potential

5. Comparison of seabuckthorn with
other fruits

6. Strategies of Seabuckthorn
Research
Products,
business,
quality,
safety issues
Nutrition,
health effects,
physiology
Sensory properties
and quality of the
products
Availability
of berries,
technological
applications
Chemical
composition
of berries
Public health,
reduction of
health costs
List of references
International sea buckthorn
standards ?

7. Survey on genetic diversity in seabuckthorn in Indian
Himalayas

8. Genetic diversity in seabuckthorn in Indian
Himalayas

10. Seabuckthorn food products

11. Features of “Shichling” cultivar
Sr.No. Feature Data Photos
1 A selection of H. rhamnoides
(3500 m asl) tree form in
Spiti
4-7 m
2 Thorny (thorns/10 cm of 2 yr
old branch)
5-7
3 Fruit productivity (tons/ha) 8.5
4 Fruit weight (g/100) 22
5 Fruit yield (kg/plant) 5.0
6 Vitamin C (mg/100g) 450
7 Oil (%) 4.5

12. Features of “Drilbu” cultivar
,differnt from Kullu and Kinnaur
Sr.No. Feature Data Photos
1 A selection of H. salicifolia
(3200 m asl) tree form in
Lahaul
4-7 m
2 Mild thorny (thorns/10 cm of 2
yr old branch)
2
3 Fruit productivity (tons/ha) 10
4 Fruit weight (g/100) 32
5 Fruit yield (kg/plant) 5.5
6 Vitamin C (mg/100g) 930
7 Oil (%) 2.5

13. Russian seabuckthorn 14 varieties at HPAU farm,
Kukumseri-Also shared with DIHAR & others

14. Endoscopic appearance of GUE after 6 days of treatment
Plain SBT oil Famotidine + SBT
oil
Misoprostol plus SBT
oil
Sucralfate plus SBT
oil
Best GUE treatment combination established so far
Anti-gastric Seabuckthorn oil preparations (2)

15. +
Seabuckthorn Leaf extract (5%) for the curing of
infected wounds as well as skin ailments.
Rabbit as experimental model
Antimicrobial
activities
of SBT leaf extract
fractions

16. HEALING POTENTIAL OF POLY-HERBAL FORMULATION ON DERMALHEALING POTENTIAL OF POLY-HERBAL FORMULATION ON DERMAL
WOUNDSWOUNDS
HEALING POTENTIAL OF POLY-HERBAL FORMULATION ON DERMALHEALING POTENTIAL OF POLY-HERBAL FORMULATION ON DERMAL
WOUNDSWOUNDS
Group Hydroxyproline Hexosamine DNA Protein
Control 16.19± 0.81 0.56± 0.01 3.14± 0.09 94.02 ±4.08
PHF 23.61± 2.18* 0.68 ±0.03* 4.29± 0.25* 109.18 ±4.66*
Topical Ointment PHF: SBT + Aloe Vera + Turmeric
Control PHF Diab. Con.t Diab. PHF
PHF ↑Epithelialization, ↑fibrosis, ↑ angiogenesis, ↑ VEGF expression in normal and diabetic rats
Biochemical Parameters (7 Days) Control PHF
Wound Rep Regenaration 16: 7842, 2008

17. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Day 45 Day 60
%ChangeTC
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Day 45 Day 60
%ChangeTG
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Day 45 Day 60
%ChangeLDL
Percent change on day 45 and day 60
as compared to day 30 in atherogenic
animals and atherogenic animals fed on
seabuckthorn
 RestrictedRestricted ↑↑ of TCof TC
 ↓↓ TG,LDL CholesterolTG,LDL Cholesterol
 ↑↑ HDL CholesterolHDL Cholesterol
Cholesterol
Chol + SBT
Vs Day 30 * < 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001
***
**
0
10
20
30
40
50
Day 45 Day 60
%ChangeHDL
*
*
***
*
***
**
**
**
*
M. Basu, DIPAS (DRDO), New Delhi Proc. NCSM. Basu, DIPAS (DRDO), New Delhi Proc. NCS
2011, HPAU, Palampur2011, HPAU, Palampur
 DIP-LIP 250ul and 500ul causes a decrease of TG and
AI
 Also causes an increase of HDL-cholesterol and HTR%
 Increases Vasorelaxation when compared to animals
fed on only high cholesterol diet
 But most potent dose is 1ml which gives optimum
response

18. ANTI-ATHEROGENIC ACTIVITY OF SEABUCKTHORN SEED OILANTI-ATHEROGENIC ACTIVITY OF SEABUCKTHORN SEED OIL
40
%Relaxation
-10
0
10
20
30
ach10-12
ach10-11
ach10-10
ach10-9
ach10-8
ach10-7
ach10-6
ach10-5
ach10-4
Control
Seed Oil
Chol
Chol+ Seed Oil
Cholesterol Cholesterol + SEED OIL
 Administration of SBT seed oil caused vasorelaxation and inhibited cholesterol deposition in the
aorata
Sawhney et al., Phytomed 14:
770, 2007

19. CYTOPROTECTIVE, IMMUNOMODULTORY AND ANTIOXIDANTCYTOPROTECTIVE, IMMUNOMODULTORY AND ANTIOXIDANT
Seabuckthorn Leaves and fruit have antioxidant, cytoprotective andSeabuckthorn Leaves and fruit have antioxidant, cytoprotective and
immunomodulatory activity.immunomodulatory activity.
t-BHP SBT L-WL
SBT + CrCr
CYTOTOXICITY
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Cr SBT + Cr
J Ethnopharmacol 79:373, 2002
Molec Cell Biochem 278:101,2005

20. Photomicrographs of liver tissue sections
(20X)
CCl4: Hypertrophy of hepatocytes,
necrosis, and increased infiltration of
neutrophils
LE+ CCl4 Decreased hypertrophy decrease in inflammatory cells
Control
J Sc Food Agri 88: 1592, 2008
SBT Leaves have hepatoprotective activity

21. PROTECTION AGAINST HYPOXIAPROTECTION AGAINST HYPOXIA
 Seabuckthorn leaf extract and Seed oil provide protection against Hypoxic stress
 Adaptogenic activity is better than Panax Ginseng, Ginkobiloba and CIHP
COLD - HYPOXIA - RESTRAINT
(50
C) (4280m)
Time (Min)
20
25
30
35
40
0 50 100 150 200 250
Temperature(O
C)
*
* P<0.01
Single dose
Five doses
Control
Have no toxicityHave no toxicityHave no toxicityHave no toxicity Food Chem and Toxicol 45: 609, 2007

22. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
CONTROL HYPOXIA DEXA
5 mg/kg bw
SBT LE
100 mg/kg bw
SBT SO
2.5 ml/kg bw
*
*
pg/ml
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
CONTROL HYPOXIA DEXA
5 mg/kg bw
SBT LE
100 mg/kg bw
SBT SO
2.5 ml/kg bw
*
* **
pg/ml
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma VEGF levels in control
and hypoxic rats pretreated with seabuckthorn (SBT) leaf extract (LE) and
seed oil (SO)
HypoxiaHypoxiaControlControl SBT SLSBT SL SBT SOSBT SO
BALFBALF PlasmaPlasma
SBT seed oil and leaf extract are able to inhibit hypoxia induced VEGF
secretion

23. NEW HERBAL ADJUVANT - DIP-HIPNEW HERBAL ADJUVANT - DIP-HIP
CFA Alum DIP-HIP
 Humoral immune response
Whole IgG
Isotypes
IgG1/IgG2a IgG1/IgG2a IgG1/IgG2a
 Cell Mediated immune response
Cytokine profile
IL4/IFN-γ IL4/IFN-γ IL4/IFN-γ
 Long term antibody sustenance
(>5 months)
PBS 1:500
 Responsive in different species
(Mice, Rats, Rabbits)
 Immunization through diff. routes
i.p. and i. m.
 No muscular damage Control Test
Abtiter

24. 0 Day 4 Day 8 Day
Visual observations
Wound area contraction
Acute wound
Dose-Dependent Study: Acute wounds (1.0%), diabetic & burns (5.0%)
(mm2
)
In-vivo studies
Control
SSD
SBT Treated
Gupta et al., 2005; Int J Lower Ext Wounds
Gupta et al., 2006; Mol Cellular Biochem

25. SEABUCKTHORN IN COLD INJURYSEABUCKTHORN IN COLD INJURY
Mustard oil SBT pulp oil SBT seed oil
control
1 week after frostbite
1 month after frostbite
Mustard oil SBT pulp oil SBT seed oil
control

26. Radioprotective effects of Hippophae leaves in eukaryotes
(Diploid strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Method
Genotype of S cerevisiae : a/α: trp5-12/trp5-27, ilv1-92/ilv1- 92,
ade2-40
The irradiated cells were allowed to grow in presence and absence
of preparation from Hippophae leaf extract (drug)
Results
In presence of drug:
• The reverse mutation frequency at ILV locus (revertants) were
significantly reduced
• The gene conversion frequency at TRP locus (convertants) was
significantly reduced
• Survival was higher in the presence
of leaf extract
Conclusion
• The drug offers cellular protection, counters radiation induced
mutations and gene-conversions (reduces risk of radiation
induced carcenogenesis) Bala et al., 2011: Proc. of NCS

27. Seabuckthorn health products

28. Some of the seabuckthorn products in Indian Market

29. Farmers are trained and on board
• 44 Training camps for 1600
farmers
• Package and practices
(booklet) provided
• Pamphlets on cultivation of
seabuckthorn

30. Seabuckthorn plantations on marginal land, Indian
Himalayas

31. Transformation of wild into
productive stands
A flow chart of the value chain now indicating the interventions made at
various stages from production to consumption
Seabuckthorn growers relived from distress with use of improved
Technologies and market linkage
Better Farm Income
Improvement in production
from 5 m t to 500 tons
Sufficient fruit
(500 tons)
Productivity is expected to
increase from 1 ton/ha to 5
tons/ha with estimated returns of
2.50 crores/100 ha/yr
Refinement & validation of
cultivation practices
1
Interventions by CSKHPKV
GAP-I
Low
productivity
5 nurseries expected to produce
2,00,000 plants sufficient to
rejuvenate 100 ha to produce 500
tons annually with enumerative
price (Rs.40/kg) to growers
Development of viable system of
commercial SBT production of
improved (5.5 kg/plant, rich in
vitamin C 930 mg/100g and
oemga Fas etc.) , cultivar
2
GAP-II
Insufficient
planting
material
Vitamin C ( upto177 mg/100g)
and other antioxidants increased
in value added products
Refinement of Post Harvest
Technologies
3
Intervention by CSKHPKV& AIIMS
GAP-III
Lack of value
added
products
Better Quality as per
ISO standard
SBT Brand “Drilbu”
Development of SBT
food, medicines and
feed for animal &
poultry
Protocol for
quality
standards
4
Marketing
of finished
products
5
Intervention by CSKHPKV
GAP-IV
Low market
price & lack of
sufficient
supply
Establishment
of Society of
350 growers
Association/
promotion of
Lahaul Potato
Society
Value Chain of Seabuckthorn

32. Some directions
A. Research
1. Evaluation trials on Russian seabuckthorn in other Himalayan states
2. Development of F1 (hybrid form) between local and Russian forms of
seabuckthorn.
3. Development of improved form through induction of polyploidy in
thorny and low yielding forms
4. Development of improved forms for leaf production.
5. Clinical research on seabuckthorn oil for cardiovascular and diabetes
6. Economics of propagation, cultivation of Russian seabuckthorn
varieties.
B. Developments
1. Afforestation of seabuckthorn in 20,000 ha marginal lands by Forest
Department (MOEFCC) under Complementary Afforestation scheme
2. Cultivation of 2-3 Russian seabuckthorn varieties in 1000 ha private
land
3. Policy support under Horticulture schemes of Himalayan states and
central government

33. 7 Books published on seabuckthorn

34. ThanksThanks