The Spectacle Of Mega Events Essay

The Spectacle Of Mega Events Essay
Sebastian Van Coevorden
International Relations and Sports
Response Paper
The Spectacle of Mega–Events
A mega–event can serve as a unique opportunity to form a host–state's vision of itself. It allows a
government to essentially form an identity around the representation of the host–state within the
mega–event. The Olympics can particularly serve to achieve this objective as they maintain an
elaborate and extravagant spectacle of the Opening Ceremony. It means that an Olympic games can
be a state's effective tool of an official festivity. The Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin identified
two kinds of medieval festivals from the medieval worldview – the first, an official feast and the
other, non–official, carnival–like festivities. The carnival festivities, he believed, were the
expression of folk consciousness, or folk culture. They reflect, 'a second world and a second life
outside officialdom, a world in which all medieval people participated. Official feasts, by contrast,
were the formally ecclesiastical, feudal, and political cult forms and ceremonies that did not take
participants out of the existing world order or create a second life, but rather sanctioned the existing
order. In actuality, the official feast looked back at the past and used the past to make the present
more concrete (Yamashita, 2011).
The Olympics are the host–state's modern tool to "[sanction] the existing order" along the lines of
what the host–state seeks to identify themselves as. It allows
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Ancient Olympics
The Olympics started April 6, 1896, the first games played in the olympics were boxing, chariot
racing, pankration, javelin, jumping, running, wrestling. The Olympics have been held all over the
world. People from all over the world come to compete in the different olympic games. The
Olympic games go all the way to 776 BC and was first taken place in Ancient Greece. The Olympics
have an interesting Beginning along with a few but competitive events that have changed drastically
over time.
The Olympics began in 776 BC and they disappeared and in 1894 Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The
festival and games were held in OLympia. The Greeks would come to the sanctuary and share their
beliefs. The athletes were only men every inch of Greek. The sanctuary ... Show more content on
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The 16 days include both summer and winter Olympics. The athletes compete in over 300 events but
only 35 are recognized sports by olympics.The olympics used to last only 10 days but over time
were extended to 16 days.
The Olympic Torch is the most important symbol to the Olympic Games. The flames represent
positive value. The modern Olympics took it away from Ancient Greece. The Olympic Torch has An
Important Role in carrying a flame. The Olympic Torch was responsible for holding a flame to the
special Caudron in the host of the city. In Ancient Greece , Coroebus entered in the event 192 meter
footrace. Coroebus won and is known as the first person to win the Olympics. Coroebus was named
the "Olympic Champion."People cheered the stade (Greek for "Stadium"). This had happened in 776
BC. People in Greece used Doves as a symbol of peace. They would release the Doves and it was
done first before anything. The is officially part of the opening ceremony. First is the lighting of the
cauldron, then they release the Doves. This was first completed in

Jean King Persuasive Speech
Reigning NBA champions, the Golden State Warriors, refused to attend the customary tradition of
visiting the White House after their championship victory. To make a statement, the team took
young kids to an African American history museum; this decision made in hope to inspire the public
that sports and athletes can impact change. Recurring issues involving racial profiling,
discrimination, and police brutality, have fueled a historical timeline with professional athletes
protesting social oppression. The position of fame held by an athlete intensifies the athlete's
performance, words, or actions, drawing a wide range of the world's attention. The athlete's voice,
when amplified onto a public platform, is imperative in shedding a light on social ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Harry Edwards, a sociology instructor at San Jose State University, put together a program called
the Olympic Project for Human Rights in order to oppose racism in sports. The initial plan of the
program was to assemble a group of athletes to boycott the games, but this plan failed. Instead,
athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos, both actively involved with Harry Edwards's movement,
decided to protest, in some form, if they reached the victory platform. Sure enough, in the 200 meter
sprint of the Mexico City Olympics, Tommie Smith took first place and John Carlos took third. On
the day of the award ceremony, both men wore black socks and no shoes to symbolize African
American poverty, and each wore a black glove to symbolize African American unity. During the
national anthem, Smith and Carlos bowed their heads and raised a fist in the air, gaining worldwide
attention. Smith later explained their protest as "a cry for freedom and for human rights. We had to
be seen because we couldn't be heard" (Davis 2). Winning the gold and bronze medals provided
Smith and Carlos with a platform to make their silent statement, embodying the vision of the Civil
Rights Movement altogether. The Olympic setting produced a much larger audience for this protest,
challenging prior Olympic ideals in which sports and politics were not intended to be

Essay about The Nazi Olympics of 1936
Most people would classify the Berlin Olympic Games of 1936 as just another Olympics, and they
would be right because the Games did have the classic triumphs and upsets that occur at all Olympic
Games. What most people did not see, behind the spectacle of the proceedings, was the effect the
Nazi party had on every aspect of the Games including the results. Despite Nazi Germany's
determination to come off as the superior nation in the 1936 Olympics, their efforts were almost
crushed by the very people they were trying to exclude. Germany made it very clear prior to the
Olympics that they were in fact an anti–Semitic race. Before the Olympics there were anti–Jewish
signs hung around and newspapers had a harsh rhetoric. During the Games, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Three hundred microphones and twenty transmitting vans were made available to the foreign media
. Radio coverage of the Games was broadcast in twenty–eight different languages (Trueman 2). The
film Olympishe Spiele was a documentary of the Berlin Games directed by Leni Riefenstahl (Jane
69). Even though the documentary was clearly anticipated to be created for propaganda, the film
resulted in becoming a noteworthy film and an embodiment of the human spirit (Wallechinsky 11).
Germany skillfully promoted the Olympics with colorful posters and magazine spreads. Athletic
imagery drew a link between Nazi Germany and ancient Greece, symbolizing the Nazi racial myth
that a superior German civilization was the rightful heir of an "Aryan" culture or classical antiquity
emphasized ideal "Aryan" racial types: heroic, blue–eyed blonds with finely chiseled features.
("Nazi" 3) Another aspect Germany excelled at was the amount of effort that went into the
construction of buildings for the Berlin Olympics. Germany spent thirty million dollars erecting
buildings for the 1936 Games. Athletic buildings created for the games were four stadiums, a twenty
thousand seat swimming facility, a polo field, and gymnasium, and basketball courts (Associated
152, 155). The main stadium held one hundred thousand spectators, and there were one hundred
fifty other buildings constructed for these Olympics (Trueman 2). The Olympic Village fabricated in
Berlin was

2012 Olympics Research Paper
Media uses to engage participation at London Olympics 2012
The 2012 London Olympics had a great association with use of media such as social media, print
media and various other forms of communication technology to attract large number of
participation. Media shows mechanical advancement, as well as they are the essential method for
interfacing the group of audience with the Games. The noticeable quality of online networking in
the London 2012 Games is just however the most recent in a long development of the organization
in the partnership of media and the Olympics. London Olympics was regarded as social media
Olympics. Media played a major role in bringing organizers, athlete and participants together. The
2012 Olympiad was the best brandishing celebration that had ever been organized and the
advancement and consequences of the Olympic events were of enthusiasm to a huge number of
individuals all through the world. It was televised in more than 180 countries and live telecast were
available 24/7. An estimated 4.6 million people watch the London Olympics. The IOC's site,
olympic.org, pulled in more than 16 million guests amid the Games, breaking the past record of 10.6
million. Social media sites like facebook, twitter had more than 4.6 ... Show more content on
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Advertisement for the event started months before the games were being held through use of social
media, newspaper, various sport articles, T.V. Also official sponsor of the games such as Visa,
Samsung, McDonald, Panasonic, Omega, coca–cola. All these major companies signed the popular
athlete such as Usain Bolt, Michael Phelps, Maria Sharapova, Roger Federer and so on not only to
advertise their product but also to promote the Olympic Games through various commercial,
facebook and twitter pages, billboards and newspaper article. The BBC official broadcast of the
games in U.K. estimated to paid 40 to 50 million for the Television

A Comparison Of The Atlanta Olympics And The Athens Olympics
Every four years, billions of people turn on the TV to witness the historical Olympic Games. Some
Games are considered a financial success, while others aren't as lucky. Each host city's Olympics are
unique, but still resemble the tradition of the Games. The Opening Ceremonies, new records, costs,
and the legacy creates differences between the Atlanta Olympics and the Athens Olympics.
The Olympic Games set in Atlanta, Georgia took place on July 19th to August 4th in 1996. The bid
for the 1996 Olympic host city ended up being between Atlanta, Georgia and Athens, Greece.
However, Atlanta would win the bid to host. Atlanta chose the slogan "Come Capture Our Dream"
to represent the Games. 10,320 athletes from 197 nations were set to compete at the Olympic
Games. The athletes competed in 271 events in 26 sports. These events were scheduled at 26
different venues around Atlanta.
Eight years later, Athens, Greece won the bid to host the 2004 Olympic Games. The Olympics
would start on August 13th and end on the 29th. This Olympics was a little bigger than the
Olympics in 1996. Athens chose the slogan "Welcome Home" to symbolize that Greece was the
birthplace of the Olympics. There were 305 more athletes that competed totaling up to 10,625
athletes. 201 nations competed in 301 events at 34 different venues. Women's wrestling and
women's sabre made their debut at the Games making the total number of sports increase by two to
twenty–eight.
To start off the Olympic Games in Atlanta,

An Analysis of the Global Significance of the 2012 London...
An analysis of the global significance of the 2012 London Summer Olympics opening ceremony
The 2012 London Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony (Hereafter LSOOC) was watched by
62,000 spectators in the stadium and an estimated audience of one billion across all five continents,
it was for a few hours the focal–point of the world. This essay will conclude that the live broadcast
of this major–sporting media event has become economically significant; primarily as a result of the
increasing global commercialisation of sport.
Introduction
Sport is seen as the most desirable element of television viewing. It has played a significant role in
the growth of television, especially during its emergence as a global technological ... Show more
This sort of behaviour is motivated in and around public venues that provide large television screens
for viewing pleasure. The manipulation of time and space has led to the accessibility of television in
bars and restaurants which led to the construction of a world enabled public sphere. Consequently,
the event itself becomes a dispersed occasion taking place not only at the sports arena, but also
within homes and other public places.
The Olympics Games
The Olympic Games is a major internationalized media event, it highlights both summer and winter
sports in which athletes from around the world can participate in. The Olympic Games are
considered to be the worlds' most notable contest with more than 200 nations competing. The
Summer Olympic Games are held quadrennialy, meaning that the event occurs every four years.
Media events are live television broadcasts. The rise of television has allowed for audiences to act as
a witness to the spectacle. While sporting tournaments offer commentary to shape the spectators
perceptions, 'Contests' and 'Coronations' invite the audience at home and at the live event to act as
partisans and judges. The audience is then obligated to assess the team's performance not only in the
games, but also the display of the opening ceremony, in which the national identity of the country is
unveiled.
The Olympic Charter is a set of rules and guidelines for the Olympic Games,

The First Olympics Essay
This year, the Sochi Olympic Winter Games will be an event full of exciting sports and breathtaking
stunts. But have you ever thought about what the first Olympics were like in ancient Greek history?
With the fans, not crowded around a television screen, but all seated and watching firsthand the
events about to unfold. Just think about that, observing some of the strongest men in the world
throw weights and men to the ground, chariots crashing together in an effort to place first. Now keep
those images in your mind as I lead you through a day in the Olympics. You will learn that the
Ancient Olympics were a religious event full of spectacular sports, breathtaking strength, and
subsequently have become the worldwide event enjoyed by ... Show more content on
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After the opening ceremony, the athletes stripped down and drew lots to decide where their starting
positions would be or who their combat opponents (Faulkner 197). They would do this stark naked
to show their build and strength to other opponents (Faulkner 198). The rest of the day is spent
watching the boy or otherwise called the youth games that consisted of twelve to eighteen years olds
competing in the short sprint, wrestling, and boxing (Faulkner 199). On the beginning of the second
day there is another procession, called the Equestrian Procession, that starts at the Olympic Flame
and ending at the Hippodrome (Faulkner 200). Along the way, they pay homage to about sixty–three
altars (Faulkner 200). The procession includes the judges, the priests of Zeus and all of the
charioteers, jockeys, horses, trainers, etc. (Faulkner 200). The day begins with the four horse chariot
race, which was introduced in 680 B.C. and was seventy–two stadia (43,200 ft.) long (Faulkner
201). After that was the horseback racing which was six stadia (3,600 ft.) and was added in 648 B.C.
(Faulkner 206). The horseback riders competed naked, rode with no stirrups or saddle, and were
normally slaves (Faulkner 209). Since they were usually slaves, the jockeys never received victory
olive wreaths, only the horse's owner did (Faulkner 209). Then the two–horse chariot race began
which was a race of 48 stadia (28,800 ft.) and was introduced in 408 B.C. (Faulkner

Greek Beliefs In Ancient Greek Mythology
Greek mythology is one of the most interesting topics to come out of ancient Greek culture. The
idea of sincerely believing that every move or choice that is made all goes back to the gods and
goddesses fascinates me. In ancient Greece, the normal thing was to believe in multiple higher
powers instead of today were majority dictates that there is only one higher power. I was aware of
some facts about the Greek's belief in the god and goddesses from previous history classes but I
have never at the freedom to choose to write a paper solely on them. The goal of my research was to
find out what made the gods and goddesses so special to the Greeks and why a civilization would
worship them for centuries.
The start of believing in the gods and goddesses started as a way to explain daily life and to give life
a purpose . Without a reason for living majority of people would descend into madness with no
morals. Unlike other religions that had a holy text, mythology was based primarily on word of
mouth. The stories were passed down from generation to generation to create the outlandish but
captivating mythology that we have in modern society. While there were countless gods and
goddesses, students do typically learn the 12 that are called the "Olympian Gods" . This group was
led by Zeus, who is perhaps is the most well known Greek god. The next 11 were named as
followed, Athena, Apollo, Poseidon, Hermes, Hera, Aphrodite, Demeter, Ares, Artemis, Hades,
Hephaistos, and Dionysus. I have attached a family tree to help showcases how majority of the gods
and goddesses were related . Each god had their own followers and were all considered the god of
something. For example, Athena is known as the Goddess of Wisdom and Hades is the God of the
Dead or God of the Underworld. Greek citizens built large temples to honor a particular god where
the god was thought to live.
Within these temples, religious ceremonies were not held as we hold mass in a church. Instead, the
temple for each god and goddess were considered the living place of whoever it was built in honor
to. The most notable would the be the temple to Athena which is showcased in the photo to the left .
In each temple, a statue of the god was placed for worshipers to live

The Sports Of An Athletic Games
The hosting of an athletic games is a mammoth task that requires in–depth planning and huge
amounts of labor. In modern times, and arguably more so in Ancient Greece, sports must be viewed
as the intersection of many eclectic parts of society. While running an athletic event on this scale, we
can break the planning chronologically into three main categories that will determine success:
attracting an audience, the actual logistics of the game, and judging and the distribution of prizes.
Each of these topics has many facets which must all be taken into consideration for our games to
successfully attract people and sustain the popularity of the sanctuary and its God.
Attracting large audiences is the crux of putting on a successful games. To do this, we must
acknowledge one very crucial fact about sports in Ancient Greece – it is a result of, maybe even an
extension of, religion. Therefore, if we are to host a successful event, we must first create a strong
religious element to our sanctuary. For this I would suggest the creation of an oracle at our
sanctuary. Oracles, such as the Pythia at Delphi, provide a steady influx of people while also
increasing the popularity of the God with each prophecy (Jones). This will feed directly into the
popularity of our event. Religious fervor could be further augmented by the creation of a large
monument of some kind. Just like the gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia which drew in large
crowds, our idol would serve as an

Jim Thorpe : A Super Hero Of Sports
Jim Thorpe is a super hero of sports. He is a man who has a love for sports. He has played many
sports, and is a true hero in the sports world. He was not only amazing at track and football, but he
was also very good at swimming, lacrosse, basketball, wrestling, golf, and tennis. He was born May
28, 1887, and was born near a town called Prague in Oklahoma. His father was a farmer, and his
name was Hiram Thorpe. His mother was a Potawatomi Indian named Mary James. Thorpes Native
American name was Wa
Tho
Huk, which means "bright path." He started off very young with great
athletic abilities. This showed when he learned to ride horses and swim at the age of 3. Jim loved the
outdoors as a boy, especially hunting. Jim had a twin brother, and they were very close. His brother
was named Charlie. In 1904 Thorpe and his brother started school in Carlisle Industrial School in
Pennsylvania. Whenever they were in school Charlie enjoyed it, but Jim did not. He wasn't very
good so Charlie had to help him through. At the age of 9 Charlie got sick and ended up dying.
Thorpe was heartbroken he wanted to quit school. He even ended up running twenty
three miles'
home to his parents. Whenever he first started his athletic career at his school he played football and
track. In 1907 he proved his amazing abilities whenever he jumped over a high jump pole 5 feet 9
inches. At first Thorpe was never given the opportunity to try out for the team. Whenever he walked
by the varsity players practicing

The Massacre Of Israeli Delegates At The Summer Munich...
The events of the past have a way of transforming themselves over time. Something that occurred
mere minutes ago can evolve over the next few hours, and an event that seemed so straight–forward
many years past finds itself a new meaning within the greater context of the period. The same
concept applies to a specific event a mere 45 years ago, namely the massacre of Israeli delegates at
the summer Munich Olympics of 1972.
This event is now portrayed in standard textbooks as being part of a larger event of the time period,
one of the lingering effects of the Jordanian Civil War of 1971, an event that has been dubbed
"Black September" in the history books. As a result of the efforts of the Jordanians placed against
various Palestinian groups during the war, the Fatah, a militant Palestinian group and PFLP, another
radical group, jointly created a terror group named after the conflict. The Black September
Organization attempted to force revenge on both the Jordanian authority and the Israelis, who had
occupied their lands in Palestine. The organization became known to assassinate Israelis abroad in
an act of revenge (Smith).
However, at the time of the Olympics, the world's reaction was not as cut and dry as it is today. In
both the political and public worlds, the attitude was one of shock and horror. The Secretary General
of the United Nations said that while the event was, on its own, one that was terrible, it was made
worse by infringing on the idea that the Olympic Games

Boycott Of The American Olympic Committee
Boycott
In 1932, the Nazi party became the majority faction in the Reichstag, the German parliament, and in
1933 Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany. This new leadership alarmed the IOC and
sparked boycott movements around the world, including in the United States. Jewish and African–
American communities were alarmed by the German government's boycott of Jewish businesses.
They appealed to the American members of the Olympic committee to boycott the games. The
president of the American Olympic Committee (AOC), Avery Brundage (who would later become
the president of the IOC itself), released a statement seemingly in support of boycotting Berlin:
The Games will not held in any country where there will be interference with the ... Show more
In France, tensions between the bourgeoisie and the working class put strain on the new
government. In an unsatisfying compromise, the government authorized spending for both the
official Berlin Olympics and a rival "Worker's Olympics" which was planned to take place in Spain,
but was later cancelled due to the Spanish Civil War. In the end, all three influential countries, the
United States, Britain, and France supported the 1936 games despite evidence of racist and anti–
Semitic practices by the German government. Had these countries dissented the actions of the Nazi
regime, perhaps more countries would have actually boycotted the games. Instead, forty–nine
countries participated, more than at any prior Olympics.
Preparations
While the boycott movement was happening in America, Germany was preparing to host the games.
From the beginning, Hitler realized the value of an international event watched by millions as a
platform for the idea of "Aryan superiority." The German Olympic team itself included only one
German Jew, a fencer named Helene Mayer. Another Jew initially invited to the team was Margaret
Lambert, who competed in track and field. The women were invited to the team to prove to critics in
the United States that Germany was not prejudiced against the Jewish people. In fact, the German
sports captain, Captain

Athletic Activity in the Ancient World, An Outline
In ancient Greece athletic activity in the ancient world fell into 2 categories: competitive athletics in
public religious festivals (victors won prizes and honored with statues and poems) or sporting events
in a gymnasium.
2. The two categories were brought about by different beliefs in how the Olympics began:
a. According to Philostratos, an ancient Greek author and philosopher during this time, the first
contest was held during the festival at Olympia in 776 B.C. where many competitive races were
held. This was a race in which the athletes ran around the circumference of the stadium.
b. The Games can be seen as a religious worship of the gods and heroes.
c. This idea that the Olympics were seen as worship just supports the belief that the gods in fact
began the Olympic Games. In one story, five brothers fought to protect baby Zeus (King of the
gods) by running in a race where the victor was crowned with an olive branch crown–thus beginning
the Olympic Games. This story is closer to what happened during the ancient Greek Games but there
are many other stories that exemplify the god's part in the Games.
3. The Olympic Games were seen as a status symbol–if you were not part of higher class you were
not able to participate and win
a. Kind of like the Hunger Games book today where in Districts one, two and three the tributes were
to train for their whole life to win while others were just thrown in.
b. Another example would be ancient China––where

How Did The Olympics And It's Impact On America
The 1992 Olympics was a huge impact on America and the Olympics games. The Dream Team was
a success on proving what a genuine team was. People had concerns that pro basketball shouldn't be
played in the Olympics. Originally amateurs against other college teams played basketballs in the
Olympics. FIBA allowed professional to play in the Olympics outside the U.S. America was unsure
for professionals to play. The Olympic team lost in the Seoul games in1998 and brought home the
bronze medal. The NBA wanted to win the Gold medal. It was a priority for the NBA and the United
States. The best players would be put together to come home with the Gold medal. This was a
marketing dream to have the absolute best basketball players working together at the Olympics. On
April 7th 1989 was official that professionals would play on the Olympic basketball team. Soon
after the Dream Team was created for the Olympics. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the players had hesitation to be apart of the Olympic history. Some of the players were
excited while some had to think about if they really wanted this. Michael Jordon, 6'6" Guard, played
ninety day of golf in the summer. Jordon originally did not want to be apart of the Olympic team. He
then later was convinced to play since he was one of the best players and this game is bigger than
the NBA finals. He had concerns since we absolutely wanted to play with the best players around.
Magic Johnson, 6'9" Guard, automatically said yes. He wanted to be apart of the Olympics. He was
one of the players to say yes first hoping that the other players would follow his lead. Larry Bird,
6'9" Forward, felt it was very important that Magic was on the team. He felt this would be a great
ending for both of their

The Influence Of Munich To The Organizers Of The 1972...
A press corps of nearly 4000 members was expected to make their way to Munich to chronicle to
games. The organizers of the 1972 games understood that the press played a vital role in the
reconstruction of Germany's image around the world. In order to make them feel welcome,
Organizers constructed a press village west of Munich less than a mile from the competition site.
Each member of the press would have "well–appointed single rooms equipped with television and
telephones." The village had its own swimming pool with sauna and massage rooms attached for
"relaxation after a hard day of reporting in the hope of influencing the nature of the reporting". A
large and fully staffed there would be open around the clock. One American journalist wrote,

Sports Architecture in Modern China: a Comparison Between...
Sports Architecture in Modern China
A comparison between 2008 Olympic venues and 1990 Asian Games venues
Introduction
Hosting the 2008 Olympic Games is monumental in Chinese history, almost a century ago, Chinese
scholars dreamed of the Olympics being staged in China, which marks sovereignty and power of the
country in a global view. Therefore, when the long time expectation is about to become real, the
primary goal for Chinese government and citizens is to show the best part of China to the world.
This paper focuses on what and how the Chinese have done in order to accomplish the mission of
hosting a successful game. A number of Olympic architectures are reviewed in terms of their
locations, the cultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Selection of the National Stadium had been modified and second thought over and over. In the
1950th, Chinese government officials assigned Wukesong area to be the future site for National
Stadium. While the Asian Games Village and other stadiums were constructed, that area was saved
for National Stadium for China was planning to bid for the 2000 Olympic Games. On March 1999,
an Olympic venue location selection committee was founded, and the members brought up 3 plans,
which are to build the primary venues on the north part, east part, or southeast of Beijing. The
committee eventually reached an agreement that is the center of 2008 Olympics (known as the
Olympic Green) must be located on the north side, adjacent to the central axis, by doing this China
shows the world how Chinese people cares about the Olympics. One question was raised among
experts though, which regards with the extended central axis. For instance, Peng Peigen, a
Canadian––nationality professor with Qinghua University, said the traditional central axis of Beijing
is a real one with large buildings on it, such as the Tiananmen Tower, the Forbidden City and the
Drum Tower. Now the extended axis does not have any landmark buildings on it, which doesn't
comply with the designing style of Chinese cities. Other members of the judging panel of the design
competition for the Olympic Green, agreed that the

Cultural Aspects Of The Olympics
The various sports and countries competing in the Olympics have contributed to a global culture
including both the countries hosting the games and the countries competing in the games. The
"Olympics first began in 1896, and since then have intersected through dimensions of the economic,
political, and cultural at the levels of local, national, and increasingly more global communities"
(Close, 2010). Therefore, the Olympic event is important to recognize due to the widespread effect
the competition has on political globalization for various countries throughout the world, and the
games remain relevant due to the fact that the games still persist today. This paper will focus on the
cultural aspects that the Olympic spectacle impacts in terms of how culture is portrayed and
transmitted from one country to another. This paper will then take a closer look at the Beijing
(China) Olympics of 2008 to demonstrate how these cultural factors are employed and contribute to
create a global culture that is experienced throughout media viewing and interpersonal interactions
amongst various people throughout the world. To begin, sports are apart of one's culture and the
transmission of sports and unison of participation in sports within the Olympics demonstrates the
emission of cultures between various countries. Richard Giulianotti describes this relationship by
noting "these events engage diverse national societies in common cultural activities in the form of
specific sporting

Analysis Of The Wounded Warrior Memoir
From January 8 to January 10, 2014, the first Wounded Warrior Pacific Invitational was held in
Honolulu, Hawaii. Hosted at the Pearl Harbor–Hickam bases, this event included a total of 150
athletes. The Wounded Warrior Pacific Invitational was the largest joint–service competition outside
of the annual Warrior Games. At the event, servicemembers from the Special Operations Command,
Army, Coast Guard, Navy, Air Force and Marines took part in the various competitions.
The goal of these events is to highlight the wounded warrior initiative and showcase the potential
that wounded warriors have to take part in everyday life like athletic events. To support this goal,
sailors throughout Hawaii volunteered their time and energy to help wounded warriors get to each
event. These sponsors created a lasting impact by providing support and cheering on the
competitors.
The Wounded Warrior Program
At the Wounded Warrior Pacific Invitational, specialists helps wounded warriors work through
athletic reconditioning. By preparing for a basketball game, they were able to build strength and get
back in shape. As a result, the former servicemembers are able to have fewer secondary medical
conditions. While the event provides a health and morale benefit for wounded warriors, it also is an
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It works to help injured servicemembers help each other take their lives back. Melia began the
project following his own experience after a helicopter crash in Somalia in 1992. According to the
motto of the group, "the greatest casualty is being forgotten." With this motto in mind, the
organization has focused on activities like inclusive athletics. While some injured servicemembers
give up on sports after an injury, the passion, drive and enjoyment of athletics helps them to heal.
From wheelchair basketball to adaptive skiing, most sports can be modified to adjust for an

The Importance Of Athletic Festivals In Greek Society
Greek athletics were very popular in the Greek culture. William Baker's thesis statement was "For
more than a thousand years athletic festivals were an important part of Greek life. Originally
mixtures of religious ceremony and athletic competition, hundreds of local festivals were held each
year throughout the country and in Greek colonies in Egypt, Sicily, and the banks of the
Bosporus."The argument is how festivals are important to Greek Life. The article starts out with the
author talking about the four major athletic festivals, The Pythian Games, The Isthmian Games, The
Nemean Games, and the Olympic Games. "By the fifth century B.C. four major festivals dominated
the scene, forming a kind of circuit ambitious athletes" "Ambitious" athletes could gain a following
in an event by training for and participating in these events creating a circuit for them. Religion was
a big deal in Greek Culture "With all their emphasis on man and his achievements, the Greeks were
extremely religious. Polytheists, they looked to particular gods for assistance and blessing in every
sphere of life..." . The first piece of evidence William Baker shows relates to religion and how the
athletic festivals are used as also a religious event "The fifth and final day of the festival was
devoted to a prize–giving ceremony, a service of thanksgiving to Zeus, and sumptuous banquet at
which the sacrificial animals were consumed." This shows that the Greeks respected the god Zeus
and payed honor to him at these The Olympic Games by having a day devoted to him with prize
giving and sacrifice of animals. "All finally arrived at the altar of Zeus, where one hundred oxen
were slain and their legs burned in homage to Zeus. The carcasses were cooked and eaten at the
concluding banquet on the final day."As William Baker said "For more than a thousand years
athletic festivals were an important part of Greek life. Originally mixtures of religious ceremony and
athletic competition" Greeks also looked up to other gods during other festivals, "The Pythian
Games held at the site of Apollo and Delphi...The Isthmian Games at Corinth in honor of Poseidon,
The god of sea,... The Nemean Games at Nemea, honoring Zeus ... the Olympic Games every

How Did The Olympic Games Start?
There are many question centered on the origin of the Olympic games. How did they start? Where
did they begin? Why were they created? These are questions that some people still ask today. Lets
begin with "How did they start?" The Olympic games began in 776 BC. A cook from a nearby city
won a 600–foot long stadium race thus some how started the Ancient Olympics. Many historians
believe that this was the only event at the time. The Olympics took place in a city known as
Olympia, which was an ancient Greek city. In this time, war and arguments were set aside in order
to put full focus on the athletes who desperately wanted to prove them selves to their Empire. These
Olympics would take place every four years. Originally, the Olympic games were created as a
religious festival. In other words they were used to celebrate their god Zeus, who was the father of
the Greek gods and goddesses. It was an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many events like racing and fighting were added at different times as the Olympic games progressed
throughout the years. This great event that took place every four years, would inspire new athletes to
want to compete as well. The amount of glory and fame one would obtain after wining the Olympic
games was numerous and had no end. This in fact inspired the athletes of that time as well. In the
end, The Ancient Olympics allowed Greeks to push for the top while competing in friendly
competition. With this said the ancient Greek Olympics was truly an amazing event that took place
many years ago. Although the Olympics have changed, the Greeks still had set the stage. The
Olympics is still a great sporting event that brings the best of the best athletes together. So next time
you watch the Olympic games on TV just remember how it started and what an amazing event it
was and still is

Media Events
The Olympics, occurring every four years, is a sporting event in which countries who have qualified
are able to compete against each other in a range of events. This paper concerns the opening
ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics, a theatrical and musical show to celebrate the initiation of
the competition. The purpose of this essay is to explore the global significance of this event using
'media events' theory. In order to do this it is first necessary to define the nature of a 'media event'
and discuss in what way the London 2012 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony fits into this
classification. It will be shown that, although this event is intended to be as such, the changing
nature of technology and global communications has heavily ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Overall an effort was made to relay the specific messages and ideologies that the organizers for the
event intended.
The intended ethos and ideologies that the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the "supreme
authority of the Olympic Movement" are included in the Olympic Charter which comprises such
sentiments as, "To encourage and support the promotion of ethics in sport as well as education of
youth through sport and to dedicate its efforts to ensuring that, in sport, the spirit of fair play
prevails and violence is banned;" (International Olympic Committee | About the Institution |
Olympic.com:, n.d). The Olympic Charter and oaths of the sportsmen, coaches and judges are an
important part of the ceremony and illustrate how the event is scripted to suit the organizer's
messages and viewpoint. The ideals of international co–operation and fostering of positive
relationships adds to the social and political significance of the event.
Moreover, international sporting events such as the Olympics are intended to provide not only an
opportunity for friendly co–operation but in addition a method to exercise international rivalry– an
important social and political function. The significance of such a function is described by Richard
Lipsky "the symbolic

Summer Olymoics
2012 Summer Olympics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "2012
Olympics" redirects here. For the Winter Youth Olympics, see 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. For the
Paralympic Games, see 2012 Summer Paralympics. "London 2012" redirects here. For the video
game, see London 2012 (video game). Games of the XXX Olympiad | This is the clear version of
the official logo. There are four official base colours, and another version for the 2012 Summer
Paralympics. For more details, see section "Logo" below. | Host city | London, United Kingdom |
Motto | Inspire a Generation | Nations participating | 204 | Athletes participating | 10,820 | Events |
302 in 26 sports | Opening ceremony | 27 July | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and
demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that a key member of the bid team, Guy Drut,
would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.[25] Lord Coe – the head of the
London 2012 bid Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this
was its third bid in recent years.

Performance Enhancing Drugs (PED) In The Olympics
Performance Enhancing Drugs "Russian athletes Fail Doping test!" said the headlines of every
newspaper during the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics. Because only the minority of people
were accused or busted for being under the use performance enhancing drugs (PED's) in the
Olympics, Russia's elite Olympic athletes were ineligible to compete in any sport in the
Pyeongchang games. I believe that PED's have no place in sports because they can have a negative
effect on your health, it can affect athletes socially, –especially those that are professional– and
lastly, they can make things unfair to competitors. If PED's were never an option, there would not be
nearly as much of this form of conflict in our society. I'm sure you've heard of recreational ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus making the playing field level without the use PED's. For example, you probably know that
sports such as football, volleyball, and basketball have a varsity team (the elite athletes) and a junior
varsity team to compete with other teams that are around the same level of experience. Evidence to
support my claim is, " Conservative estimates show that roughly 5 percent of students report using
the most dangerous drugs – anabolic androgenic steroids and human growth hormone (HGH) –
sometime in their lives." (Some Performance–Enhancing Substances on the Rise in High School
Sports) "Everybody should go out and participate based on the abilities and the talents that they
have, not on some mechanically enhanced ability. In a nutshell, it's cheating." (High Schools Raise
Awareness About Steroid Use, Michael Popke ) These pieces of evidence support my claim because
they talk about how people can use their raw, natural talent to play, or compete a sport, without the
consequences of using

Essay On Olympic Games
Olympics were very important event.
Olympic games began in Ancient Greece from 776 BC and lasted to 393 AD. It is believed that they
may have begun for hundreds of years before.
Games were every fourth year at Olympia, in southwest Greece.
The games took five days, when there was peace. Sacred truce announced before olympics and all
the wars stopped. It ensure that athletes and spectators could join safely in the Olympic Games.
Before the game messengers announced the Olympics throughout Greece. People all over Greece
game to watch and take part of game.
The purpose of Olympic games were worship Zeus and for entertainment.
Beside religion, men's virility and fitness were measured. Also spiritual forces were important and
there were presented poetry and philosophize.
If you won you would get a lot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People honored Zeus in his temple. There was a huge statue of Zeus, which was made by gold and
ivory. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
The main event was sacrifice of 100 oxen and they were burned on the Zeus's altar.
In the third night of Olympics was always full moon and at that night everybody walked to temple
of Zeus.
There were boxing, chariot racing, long jump, javelin, discus, pankration, running, pentathlon and
wrestling.
On the first day of Olympics athletes and judges swore the vow and athletes sacrificed to Zeus.
There was opening ceremony. Game began by boys` running competition, but there was also
wrestling and boxing contests.
On the second day horse races took over. There were normal horse races and chariot races. Beside
these there was pentathlon, which consist of running, discus, jumping, javelin and wrestling. End of
the day the winners had a parade and hymns were sung in their honour.
On the third day there was a main sacrifice for Zeus and public fest. There were foot races like
sprint and long distance races in the

Defiance in Minorities of United States
The spoils of hegemony spread through the American landscape in those ebullient years following
World War II. The perks of empire–building abroad translated into an uninterrupted period of
economic growth and labor reforms that re–calibrated the national consciousness and allowed, for
the first time, the emergence of a middle class with sufficient autonomy and self–awareness to exert
political influence and correct the power imbalance that had characterized the first decades of the
20th century. This social Renaissance, however, had been distributed unevenly along racial lines,
and no government of the time sought to redress the disparity between white economic advancement
and the stagnant conditions imposed on social minorities, ossified as they were by decades of
systematic subjugation before society and before the law. Discontent seethed beneath black
communities, who felt increasingly isolated –and persecuted– by the same social institutions who
had demanded so high a sacrifice during the second World War, a sacrifice summoned and re–visited
by the looming threat of a war with Vietnam. The landmark Brown vs. Board of Education was seen
by many as a hollow victory, given the lethargic response of the Eisenhower administration to
enforce the legislation, particularly in the Southern states where racial tensions, unaddressed by the
larger cultural zeitgeist, had metamorphosed into open hostility and palpable contempt. An
American president would not align himself with the

Essay The Foundation of The United States of America
The world struggled long and hard to achieve what it has today, countless war and civilizations
declining one after another. The United States of America is a nation combined and influenced by
other successful civilization. The success and wonder of America and the world simply would not be
the same if it weren't for two of the most revered and influential civilization, the Roman Empire and
Athens Greece. Both were well ahead of their time in terms of invention, studies, and ideas. The
United States of America owes its thanks to both of these nation; our laws, government, scientific
understanding, and continued advancement in technology all started from them. Athens Greece
impacted us in a broader and much more significant sense because it ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Geometry and Algebra are so crucial to the development of the world it is taught to every public
high school in the United States, around 14.8 million teenagers each year (National Center for
Education Statistics). Mathematics is the engine powering our world; our stocks, economy,
technology, and science are all based off from math. Math is our universal and definite language "I
was especially delighted with the mathematics, on account of the certitude and evidence of their
reasonings." (Rene Descartes, 1637). "To seek to ease pain is natural" (Silverburg, 16). Since the
beginning of time mankind has struggle with disease, wound, and death; thus men try to find relief
in those pain kindle the flame towards medication. Countless civilization tries their hand at
medication, China and Greece both sought to find way in ending disease and sickness, however
most people at the time believed disease and pain are cause by gods or other mythological being and
superstition. This concept of thinking remained unchanged until 460 B.C.E in Athens Greece when
Hippocrates came in and introduces the notion of modern medicine and treatment. Hippocrates
broke many groundbreaking achievement in regarding medicine such as the brain controlling
thoughts and emotion but what he was remember for is taking out the superstition aspect in
medicine and treatment by many people and taking a scientific and logical approach (Downey, 2).

My Inspiration In Life
My Inspiration in Life
Options:
Track and field coach, Laszlo Baczo – I managed to get a national vice–champion title thanks to his
pursuance of me, and him believing in me
When I was a little boy, in 2008, I watched my first Olympic games, held in Beijing. I remember
sitting on the ground, next to my parents, fascinated by the opening ceremony, by the fireworks and
the abundance of things that were happening at the same time. Every day after school I ran home
and turned on the TV to watch the games of the Olympics. It was unbelievable! So many people
doing so many events that I had never seen in my life: throwing sticks, jumping over little fences,
running for hours, smashing a big metal ball in the ground and the list goes on.
What fascinated me the most was the men and women who were jumping so high, that they were
almost able to reach the sky with their hands while coming so close to knocking over the stick
suspended in mid–air in such a way that it was beauty itself. I recorded the event on a cassette and
watched it over and over again until I understood the way how the athletes stepped, the method they
used to jump, the style in which they were moving their body through the air, and finally how they
landed gracefully on their back. It was a starting point of my lifetime goal: becoming a good High
Jumper.
At first I was just fooling around in the backyard, jumping over a piece of string attached to two
sticks, just for fun, but then as time passed and my

Outline Of A Speech On Civil Rights
Kaija Scheuerman
COMM 105–BO2
Informative Speech Outline
I. Introduction
A. In 2016, there were almost 1,400 recorded arrest related deaths, and in arrest African American
people are three times more likely to be killed than white people (Banks, 2016).
B. Racism is an age–old issue that was named during the Civil War, fought during the 1960s, and is
still lingering in modern society.
C. I'm not African American, but I am an ally; I have friends and loved ones who are African
American, and I cannot stand by and watch people die.
D. This speech is about civil inequality in the 1960s, the importance of standing up against it, and
how discrimination is still very much woven into the fabric of our society today.
II. Body of Presentation
A. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
d. The gesture was seen as a "Nazi–like salute", an expression of anger, a symbol of black power, or
just bad manners (Hoffer, 162).
e. Carlos and Smith were kicked out of the Olympic Village and blacklisted for the rest of their
careers (Carlos, 124).
B. This photo emphasizes the importance of silent protest and the power of gesture, political
climates experience incredible shifts with movements such as these.
1. It was the start of decades of political protests and civil inequality.
2. Recently, another form of silent protest has been occurring called the "Take a Knee" Movement in
2017 (Smith, 2017).
3. It started with the NFL player Colin Kaepernick and when he decided to kneel during the national
anthem.
4. The purpose of this silent movement was to protest police brutality (Smith, 2017).
5. Currently, athletes everywhere are kneeling during the national anthem.
C. This photo called attention to the issues in civil equality that are still prevalent today, it was the
start of a very long fight for equality.
1. This photo is important especially within the context of the Black Lives Matter and Take a Knee
movements that are occurring.
2. Like the 1968 Olympic Games, millions of Americans are ostracizing these athletes for
disrespecting the flag and the overall country (Brown, 2017).

3. This photo and the subsequent Take a Knee movement show how powerful gesture and silent
protest is.
a. A raised fist was nothing more

Marketing Paper
1. Analyze the reasons why the Chinese government hired a Western public relations firm to work
on the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The Chinese government felt it was necessary to hire a Western
public relations firm for the 2008 Beijing Olympics in an effort to create a positive country image.
Creating this positive image also included reducing human rights concerns that were being
addressed by groups such as Darfur and Tibet. The public image of China could have negatively
influenced international consumers' attitudes and purchasing intentions for certain products and
brands. The issues unfolding in China were going to be put under a microscope and magnified as
media attention shifted to China because of the Olympics. The hot button issues ... Show more
The impact of the extensive exposure can be beneficial or harmful to companies and their brand
depending on certain situations. Dow is an example of a company who have received negative
publicity during the Olympic Games. The company has been criticized for its alleged involvement
with the pesticide plant accident that killed thousands of people in India. Almost all publicity from
Dow becoming one of the eleven major games sponsors has been negative, and just about every
story written about Dow associates the company's name with Bhopal, one of the world's worst
industrial disasters (MSNBC, 2012). Rights groups, athletes, and politician have spoken out against
Dow and signed petitions against Dow's participation. The company paid nearly $11 million for
fabric panels to wrap around the London Olympic stadium, but to assuage public protest, Dow
agreed not to put its logo on the decoration (MSNBC, 2012). In this case the publicity was negative
and possibly could have been avoided had Dow not opted to join the other sponsors. Although there
is a possibility for negative publicity, opportunity to reach global audiences greatly outweighs the
potential for negative publicity. Billions of dollars are spent by businesses to win the hearts and
minds of a global audience. Visa paid around $100 million for the privilege of being one of the
London Games' top sponsors along with Coca–Cola, McDonald's, and Procter & Gamble (Ross,
2012). Although this is

The Olympics : Is It Worth Hosting?
The Olympics: Is it worth hosting?
Every four years a different country hosts the Olympics. Every two years its either the Winter or
Summer Olympics. It is two thousand sixteen and in August, everybody eyes are going to be glued
to their televisions when Rio host the two thousand sixteen Summer Olympics in Brazil. Many cities
around the world put bids in advance to hold the Olympics. The Olympics are a big deal and you
have to have the resources to host it. You need to have facilities for the sports, transportation,
Olympics villages for the athletes to stay, a stadium for the opening and closing ceremonies, and
most of all money. Cities tend to lose money when hosting the Olympics. Sometimes the facilities
they use get abandon and are never used again. They are many reasons for a city to host the
Olympics, but there are three reasons to not. Reasons for not hosting it because it is expensive, there
no guarantee of profits or increase tourism in the host city, and to many buildings being left
abandoned There Olympics games are really expensive. When a city is hosting the Olympics, they
tend to go all out for the opening ceremonies and facilities, going over their budget. If the city is
going to go over budget, they should that they could make the money back. A perfect example of
that is the two thousand four Summer Olympics held in Athens, Greece. Greece was only going to
spend four point six billion dollars as that was their official costs. But the prices rose up as

Australia Cultural Identity
Sport events like the Olympic games provide the opportunity for host countries to show their
identity to the rest of the world. This showing of identity is at the same time a construction of
selfidentity.
It is a construction in a sense that the host country has to convey its most important ideas about itself
to the world. In this limited period of time the host country has to draw upon experiences, historical
events, and values which represent the country and the nation.1 In other words, it is a narration of
the nation visible to the rest of the world. The ceremony tells a story that is supposed to represent a
unified nation. At the same time, it is, as Jackie Hogan points out, an act
"of inclusion and exclusion".2 Thus, the ceremony itself ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ceremony pictures stereotypes of immigrants with associated dresses and dances.10 Moreover,
the presence of Aboriginal Australians is limited to the sequence 'Awakening'.
It almost seems that they are not seen as a part of modern Australia. According to Hogan, ideas of
"backward, exotic, and pre–modern" come to mind when compared to the developed and working
white Australian.11 Thus, dividing Australia and its history into white–male dominated, premodern
Aboriginal past, and a period of immigration rather emphasises boundaries than unity. The
ceremony seems to show contrast rather than togetherness. The attempt to create a united nation
consisting of many different people result in the marginalisation of minorities and celebration of
"the dominant culture".12
In sum, the opening ceremony of the Olympic games in Sydney attempts the portrayal of a
multicultural Australia, in harmony with its past, and welcoming of all cultures. However, the main
focus on the history of white Australians and the constant presence of this white Australianness
throughout the ceremony reflect existing power–relations and result in marginalisation of

Greek Olympics : How Did They Influence Modern Olympics?
Greek Olympics: How did they influence modern Olympics?
Ancient Olympics originated in a religious way and influenced modern Olympics greatly in many
forms. The Olympics were a very important part of Greek culture because it honored their god,
Zeus. Gods played an important role in the ancient Olympics but slowly started focusing more on
competition. Like today, participating in the Olympics was a great honor and the winners were well
rewarded and respected. The Olympics have brought people together for several years to compete
and have fun, at least for the viewers. The Olympics started off from naked Greek men, to all
genders and ethnicities competing.
The Olympics took place in Olympia, which is an ancient Greek sanctuary in the Peloponnese
region in Southern Greece. It was located between two rivers, the Alpheus and the Kladeos,
Olympia had a mix of religious and athletic facilities. It had the first ever constructed stadium which
can hold up to 40,000 people and it also had a hippodrome where great chariot races took place. It is
home to one of the seven wonders: The statue of Zeus (Jarus, Owen "Olympia: site of ancient
Olympics". The Olympics took place to honor their Greek god Zeus but later started becoming more
secular because of new beliefs and because it was adopted by the Romans too.
The opening ceremony started off with the athletes filing into the temple where they had to give
their oath before a giant statue of Zeus that they will obey the rules of the game and use no unfair
means to win. Similar to today's Olympics but without the religious part because of the diversity and
secularism it has. Judges back then were concerned with performance enhancing potions and cursing
other opponents in order for them to have a better advantage. Nudity was common during the
Olympics but nobody is certain of how it occurred but there are two stories relating to the topic "
One, that a winner lost his clothes in a race [...] and the second one that it was the Spartans who
introduced it in the 8th century" (Penn Museum, "The Games"). The Olympics had strict rules at
first but later started becoming more corrupt, especially when the Romans were taking over." One
instance was when Emperor Nero enters and wins the

Civil Rights Movement In The 60's
The first amendment gives Americans the right to freedom of speech whether that means verbally or
nonverbally. Before learning about the different types and ways to protest, I always thought it was
just giant groups of people that walked around chanting and holding signs. I had the privilege of
learning that being silent as well as non verbal gestures count as protesting too. During the 1960s,
there were many movements taking place such as: The Civil Rights Movement, Anti–Vietnam War
movement, Women's Movements, and Gay Rights movement. All of these movements changed
government policies and helped shaped the way Americans live today. Americans started to realize
that relying on Government officials to make the decisions for everyone wasn't ... Show more
When Carlos realised he had forgotten his black gloves, Norman suggested the two share Smith's
pair. He then asked what he could do to support them, and Carlos managed to get an additional
badge, which Norman attached to his track suit, over his heart. After the ceremony, Norman
explained himself simply: "I believe that every man is born equal and should be treated that way
(Carlson). What people often forget about is the fact that Smith pulled a muscle in the semi–final
two hours before the final but managed to push through the pain and still beat the world record by
two tenths of a second according to the Chicago Tribune article Smith and Seagreen Win Gold
Medals. (Strickler) A legacy written about both Smith and Carlos goes in great detail about what
each part of their protest represented. It says, "Tommie Smith raised black gloved fist presented
black power, the knotted black scarf around his neck represented pride and the box in his left hand
contained an olive tree sapling which stood as an emblem of peace. John Carlos's raised left black
gloved fist represented unity in black America, and the beads around his neck signified lynching
suffered by blacks. Both men wore black socks but were shoeless during the ceremony to represent
the black poverty

Arthur Ashe Courage Award Case Study
Case Study
In April 2015 Bruce Jenner announced that he would be changing his gender. By July of 2015 Bruce
officially changed his name to Caitlyn. Finally, in September of 2015 Caitlyn Jenner's gender
change was official.
Post–transition Caitlyn Jenner was awarded the "Arthur Ashe Courage Award" at the ESPYs. The
"Courage Award" is considered a very prestigious sports award. Many people were outraged because
Jenner won this award over people currently involved in sports who have showed courage. The
candidates up of the award included; Lauren Hill a college basketball player with cancer. Hill's
dream was to score a point in a college game, she did, and then later died in April shortly after
accomplishing her goal. Along with Noah Galloway, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Arthur Ashe Courage Award is defined by ESPN as "the most prestigious sports award"
(Moyer). Caitlyn Jenner in the 6 months she has been a woman has no participated in sports. Bruce
Jenner was the person who participated in the sport 39 years ago. Caitlyn doesn't even refer to Bruce
as who she was, she refers to him as a totally different person. What Caitlyn did with coming out
was very brave but the Arthur Ashe award is for athletes, Bruce was the athlete. There were two
others who were up for the award, an army vet who lost his leg and arm and a young college
basketball player who battled cancer to score in a game and died a few months later. When we look
at this situation through a deontologist's perspective we can look at the second categorical
imperative to treat people as an end rather than a means. It has been said that Caitlyn Jenner's
publicists negotiated ESPN award Jenner in exchange for PR plugs on her upcoming reality TV
show I am Cait. By doing so Caitlyn was using ESPN and its ESPY award ceremony as a means to
publicize her transition and now reality show. A deontologist would say this is not morally
permissible. Caitlyn had fame and money to bribe ESPN and by doing so took away an opportunity
for an army vet and cancer victim who have shown courage in overcoming their adversity to
continue to participate in

Should The London 2012 Olympics Become Successful?
Introduction
Winning the bid for the 2012 Olympic Games by London city has brought the hope for regeneration
of the entire Lea Valley in East London which can bring about the biggest urban development
witnessed by Europe in the past 150 years (Coatler F 2004). In the year 2003 City of London was
bestowed with the honour of being the host for 2012 Olympic Games. It's easy to win the bid for
hosting such a massive sporting event however the planning and development which is needed for
successful execution of the games takes a lot of hard work and effort. The execution and planning
involved behind the stage is a good measure of the host country's capability and is put forward in
front of the whole world to judge (Morgan, M. 2008). The London Olympics were successful
primarily because of the flawless collaboration between the International Olympic committee and
London Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic games (LOCOG) with its numerous
partners and stakeholders. (Tramantano E , Bishop J , Jones G , Miller A).This even showcased the
significance of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only did the London Olympics have positive social and economic benefits but they were also
sustainable legacy. For the first time in history of Olympics digital media and social media were
used successfully. Strategically, the IOC has made an outstanding performance in this event that has
an excellent participation between the London Olympics organisation stakeholders and the
attendees. Olympics is not just a game but it has great effects emotionally on the participants and the
attendees, the participants at the Olympics show various emotions on their win their emotions are
also felt by the attendees. Overall the Olympics brought together people all over the world and
created the sense of harmony and goodwill through

History Of The Nazi Olympics
The 1936 Hitler Olympics were hosted in Berlin, Germany. It signaled the return of Germany to the
world community after its isolation in the aftermath of defeat in WWI. Nazi dictatorship
camouflaged its racist militaristic character, while hosting the summer Olympics. It also served to
promote the myth of "Aryan". Nazi's claimed to control all aspects of German life and also extended
to sports. The people who were allowed but didn't show up was the Soviet Union. Jewish people
were not allowed to participate in the Olympics. Newspaper articles has to die down their racist
comments toward Jew's because the Olympic committee would choose a different place to hold the
Olympics. African–American's who came from America were allowed to participate

Greek Sports Vs Roman Games
The nature of competitive sports has been an interest to humans since ancient times.
The creation of sports spectacles was not initially meant to display athletic excellence. Secondly,
some of the events that happened did not pertain to athletics at all because the main focus was not
on one specific sport. Although separated by distance and time, the Roman Games and Greek
Olympics both exemplify practices that are familiar to modern sporting events. Both of these
athletic events were the primal source of influence on modern sports competitions. Sports were a
primary source of entertainment for people in ancient times, thus large sporting events became very
popular, received a lot of attention, and have remained in society until present day. ... Show more
The Greeks invented athletic contests and held them in honour of their gods. The Greek Olympic
Games was one of the first and most famous sporting events in history, dating back to 776 BC. The
Olympics were held every four years and the purpose of this event was to honour the god, Zeus.
Furthermore, the Isthmian Games was also held to honour the sea–god, Poseidon, and the Pythian
Games honoured the god, Apollo. These three events verify that the ancient Greeks initially held
sporting events to honour their gods. The creation of the Roman Games began in 264 BC, centuries
after the first Olympic Games. Romans were more interested in the entertaining aspects of these
competitions rather than the honouring of foreign Greek gods. The first instance of gladiator
contests, a popular event in Roman Games, was when an important Roman citizen died and his
family decided to have slaves fight each other during the funeral. This is because Romans believed
that after death, a person's soul would be transported by human blood. This became more common
amongst aristocratic and wealthy families who tried to prove their dominance in the community. As
it became more common, more people started to watch these events and it grew into a spectacle. As
time passed, the Games became solely a source of entertainment for the spectators, however it also
became a tool for politicians. Julius Caesar was one of the first Roman politicians to utilise free
gladiatorial contests as a way of gaining popularity. These free events became the Roman

The Ancient Olympics
Most people know that the Olympics were started in Greece and that there must be at least one
difference between the ancient Olympics and the more recent Olympics.But contrary to common
belief the olympics have significally changed from when they first began ,not only has the meaning
of the events changed but the athletes able to participate. One story says that the games were started
by Herakles (Roman Hercules) and Alceme. There are other known records of who began the
games. The first known written record of the games is in 776 B.C. ,but it is believed that they
originated earlier.(D) During the games fighting in Greece would cease so the games could be held.
The games were ende in394 A.D. because Christian Emperor Theodosius I declared them pagan
traditions.(C) The name Olympics is derived from Olympia the place where the games were held.
Olympia is part of the western side Peloponnese. Pelops , to whom the land is named, is also said to
be the founder of the games. Olympia is composed of shrines, sporting facilities, and temples.
Olympia was used as a political and religious meeting center since the 10th century B.C. The center
of Olympia was mainly composed of a to Zeus (Roman Jove or Jupiter) and a temple to Hera
(Roman Juno) parallel.(A) The city was mostly covered by temples because the games
acknowledged the Greek gods. The most important temple was the one devoted to Zeus , the ruler of
the Greek gods. The written records from 776 B.C. show that the first

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