2. INTRODUCTION
Finance is an essential and indispensable part of any organization.
It is difficult for organizations, whether profit-making or otherwise, to
sustain themselves for long without proper finances.
Not just that, the efficient management of these financial resources is
essential to be sustainable and viable in the long-run. Financial management
helps organizations to do so.
Moreover the main aim of any business unit is to make profits.
In order to ensure that the objectives of the enterprise are established,
Financial Management is essential.
Moreover the business is surrounded by various risks and uncertainties' and
competitors too pose a major risk.
The complex nature of the business houses, changing markets, government
interference, misuse and misappropriation of funds warrant the need for
management of Financial resources
3. What is Financial Management
Financial Management means planning, organizing,
directing and controlling the financial activities such as
procurement and utilization of funds of the enterprise.
It means applying general management principles to
financial resources of the enterprise.
Financial management and financial managers play a
crucial role in making financial decisions and exercising
control over finances in the organization. They make use of
techniques like ratio analysis, financial forecasting, profit
and loss analysis, etc.
4. Financial Management involves planning of financial activities and
resources in the organization. To this end, they use available data to
understand the needs and priorities of the organization as well as the overall
economic situation and make plans and budgets for the same.
It means estimation of the capital requirements of the organization from time
to time, determines the capital structure and composition and makes the
choice of source of funding for the capital needs.
Financial management ensures that all financial resources of the
organizations are used and invested effectively and efficiently so that the
organization is profitable, sustainable and viable in the long-run.
Financial management tracks the cash outflows and the inflows and also
helps in cash management
It also involves preparation of reports which can be used for preparing
financial forecasts and planning financial activities.
Sound financial management prepares the organization to forecast risks,
meet unforeseen risks and emergencies effectively.
The ability to face the threats of competition can be made possible with
Financial Management
6. DEFINITION
“Financial management is the activity concerned with
planning, raising, controlling and administering of
funds used in the business.” – Guthman and Dougal
“Financial management is that area of business
management devoted to a judicious use of capital and a
careful selection of the source of capital in order to
enable a spending unit to move in the direction of
reaching the goals.” – J.F. Brandley
“Financial management is the operational activity of a
business that is responsible for obtaining and
effectively utilizing the funds necessary for efficient
operations.”- Massie
9. SCOPE OF FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
Anticipation of Financial Requirements
Acquisition of Financial Resources
Allocation of Funds
Administering of Funds
Analysis and Controls
Accounting and Reporting
10. DECISIONS TAKEN BY A
FINANCIAL MANAGER
There are three decisions that
financial managers have to
take:
Investment Decision.
Financing Decision and.
Dividend Decision.
11. FUNCTIONS OF A FINANCIAL MANAGER
Estimation of financial requirements
Preparing forecasts
Estimation of fund requirements
Selection of right sources of capital
Selection of the capital Mix
Allocation of Funds
Cost Volume Analysis
Capital Budgeting
Profit planning
Financial controls
Wealth management
Manage Risks
Institute financial discipline
Performance evaluation
Disposal of Surplus
Working capital/ Cash/ Debtors/ Assets Management
13. TRADITIONALAPPROACH
The traditional approach to the finance function relates
to the initial stages of its evolution during 1920s and
1930s
According to this approach, the scope, of finance
function was confined to only procurement of funds
needed by a business.
The scope of the finance function, thus, revolved
around the study of rapidly growing capital market
institutions, instruments and practices involved in
raising of external funds.
14. MODERN APPROACH
This approach looks beyond procurement of funds
It deals with effective utilization of funds
It aims to manage the resources effectively so that
the financial objectives of an organization are
achieved
It involves control over losses and wastages
It keeps a check on the misuse and misappropriation
of funds
The modern approach thus focusses on the overall
wellbeing of the concern