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Blood Pressure
 Contraction of heart ventricle Blood flows from areas of higher pressure (heart) to areas of lower pressure The narrow diameter of capillaries and arterioles generates substantial resistance to blood flow
Systolic pressure - arteriole blood pressure when heart contracts during ventricular systole to push the blood outwards from the heart  Diastolic pressure – lower but substantial blood pressure when the arteriole walls contract, pushing blood out
Regulation of Blood Pressure Oscillation  Signals (nitric acid) can also change the state of smooth muscles in arteriole walls  Vasocontriction (endothelin) – contraction Vasodilation – relaxation
Gravity  The head is always at a higher position than one’s hearts  Heart has higher blood pressure  Animals w/ long necks have more difficulty in pumping blood against gravity towards its brain  Blood pressure in veins is slow but several mechanisms, like the walls of venules, assist the return of blood to the heart

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Blood Pressure

  • 2. Contraction of heart ventricle Blood flows from areas of higher pressure (heart) to areas of lower pressure The narrow diameter of capillaries and arterioles generates substantial resistance to blood flow
  • 3. Systolic pressure - arteriole blood pressure when heart contracts during ventricular systole to push the blood outwards from the heart Diastolic pressure – lower but substantial blood pressure when the arteriole walls contract, pushing blood out
  • 4. Regulation of Blood Pressure Oscillation Signals (nitric acid) can also change the state of smooth muscles in arteriole walls Vasocontriction (endothelin) – contraction Vasodilation – relaxation
  • 5. Gravity The head is always at a higher position than one’s hearts Heart has higher blood pressure Animals w/ long necks have more difficulty in pumping blood against gravity towards its brain Blood pressure in veins is slow but several mechanisms, like the walls of venules, assist the return of blood to the heart