The Battle Of Elsenborn Ridge

The Battle Of Elsenborn Ridge
Battle of Elsenborn Ridge
The winter in the Ardennes is very cold; American Soldiers beaten, bloodied and depleting in numbers. Germany has massed their best Soldiers from
the Twelfth SS Panzer Division fielding the newest and deadliest Armored Fighting vehicles the world had ever seen. However, the Americans have an
ace in the hole, The United States Army Field Artillery has made some historic and very deadly innovations. In order to defend the Northern shoulder
from being overrun by the 1st SS Panzer Corps and the 67th Corps, the 405th FA Battalion must utilize their fortified fighting positions to capitalize on
the advancing enemy, synchronize and mass their firing capability, and utilize a newly developed secret weapon called the Proximity Fuze to prevent
the German forces from obtaining a supply through the Twin Villages.
For seven days, the Battle of Elsenborn Ridge was valorously held by the artillery forces and Infantry forces of the United States Army. (Starmann R.
, 2015). This battle was the greatest crushing victory of the Ardennes valley and is the only part of the Battle of the Bulge line where the Germans
failed to advance. (Starmann R. , 2015). From this ridge, the United States forces were extremely trenched in. They used the few days leading up to
this battle to maneuver more units to the ridge to help protect the Germans from securing the two villages. These villages were critical to the Germans
because without them they would not be able to resupply
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Gettysburg Artillery Analysis
The topic of discussion for our group essay, is the Artillery utilized in the battle of Gettysburg. As we know, the battle of Gettysburg was the bloodiest
battle throughout the Civil War, it holds the longest Artillery bombardment in American history, and it utilized multiple artillery pieces and a common
technique to deliver fires. In this essay you will read a brief summary of the battle of Gettysburg, the artillery pieces used, the common method of
delivering fires, and how that has shaped and molded the way we deliver fires currently. The artillery used in during the Battle of Gettysburg, was
continuous, lethal, and used in conjunction with infantry and Calvary.
On July 1st at Cemetery Hill, a large number of casualties from Heth and Pender's Divisions due to the effectiveness of the Union artillery. Artillery
was also used with effectiveness at the Peach Orchard, Wheat Field, Devil's Den and Little Round Top, but during the battle, artillery is well known
for on July 3rd, commonly known as Pickett's Charge. The Confederates sent an infantry assault of 12,000 against the Union at Cemetery Ridge, but
were met by Union rifle and artillery fire. As a result of the assault, General Lee was met with great casualties and led his troops back towards
Virginia. The Battle of Gettysburg consisted of many different types of artillery pieces, rifled, smoothbore, and howitzers. The Confederate artillery
was derived of four to six gun batteries, and as for the Union, it was

Battle Of Elsenborn Ridge Essay
The Battle of Elsenborn Ridge was a definitive, but effortful, victory of the Battle of the Bulge. On the 16th of December 1944, the Battle of the Bulge
officially commenced on Belgian grounds (Cole 331). Among its many, devastating battles, the Battle of Elsenborn Ridge remains the most compelling,
due to the unwavering resilience of American forces. Americanartillery in this battle arose with relative force, effectively withstanding and deflecting
German forces. Victory, in the Battle of the Bulge, eluded American forces until the fateful Battle of Elsenborn Ridge. This was due, primarily, to the
adaptive repurposing of existing weaponry, and other timely innovations. The Americans established a rigid defensive line at Elsenborn Ridge, a
portion of Belgian territory, which became the fortuitous target of German attacks on the Roderhohe and Kodenhovel. The Germans were pristinely
equipped in this war and content in their capacity to expel American forces. However, their hopes were tarnished as American artillery erected a
formidable defense on their attacks. The American military mounted a heap of Pozit fuze shells, proximity fuses, and artillery adapted to diffuse the
German forces (Cole 361). These attacks proved highly destructive amid the sight of countless German and American casualties. Hence, German ...
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It is marked not only be its triumphant outcome, but by the artillery technologies strategically employed by the United States military. The dichotomy
between contact fuses and the timely use of proximity fuses was a celebratory advancement in military weaponry at this time. This, combined with
the foresight of forward observers, as well as fire artillery, proved exceedingly beneficial in this battle. Both sides were stricken with misery amid the
frigid temperatures, and weather conditions obscured visibility to an enormous degree. In spite of this, the US proved

Artillery In The Civil War
When the American Civil War of 1861–1865 began, the Union Army classified its artillery into three types, depending on the gun's weight and
intended use. Field artillery were light pieces that often traveled with the armies. Siege and garrison artillery were heavy pieces that could be used
either in attacking or defending fortified places. Seacoast artillery were the heaviest pieces and were intended to be used in permanent fortifications
along the seaboard. Regardless of type, however, continuous changes of war caused artillery types to be interchanged often, and it was also common
to view a Confederate battery of all different pieces. Because of the size and weight of the guns, many categorized or classified artillery as either heavy

The Battle Of Waterloo And Its Effect On Today 's Artillery
The Battle of Waterloo and its Effect on Today's Artillery
SSG Aviles–Torres, SSG Blackburn, SSG Letalu,
SSG Mageo, SSG Rodgers
13B40 001–18
Senior Leaders Course
SFC Metz
The Battle of Waterloo and its Effect on Today's Artillery
Napoleon Bonaparte, one of the world's greatest military strategists, led the French at the Battle of Waterloo. During his time as a General, even in
defeat, his tactics in the way he used artillery were beyond reproach. His successes and errors made throughout the Battle of Waterloo had a direct
effect on how we use artillery today.
The Battle of Waterloo, which took place on 18 June 1815, was the final battle of the Napoleonic wars and ended Napoleon's reign as emperor. The
French marched ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the battle went on, the Prussian Army was fast approaching. When Napoleon received word of the impending Prussian arrival, he decided to send
20,000 troops, to his left flank, to intercept the Prussians. Although, this was a sensible approach, it severely weakened the main attack. The French
finally push through and took La Haye Sainte (the estate in the center of the Battlefield) but, this would end up being a small victory in a battle that
would have an inevitable outcome. The British retreated their men, behind the ridge, in an attempt to hide them from the French viewpoint. The
French, thinking they had the British on their heels, sent their elite soldiers (Old Guard) up the middle of the battlefield and over the ridge.
Unknowingly to the French, Duke Wellington hatched a plan to hide some of his troops. As the Old Guard begins its assault, of the British center line,
they are surprised by British troops lying in wait, on their flanks, in the high corn fields. The Old Guard is routed by three horse batteries attacking
their flanks. With the Prussian Army destroying the left flank of the French Army, Wellington sounds the general charge. The charge is successful in
pushing back the French lines. Napoleon regroups his Old Guard and orders them to attack. By this time, the Old Guard is down to under 200 men.
Once again, Wellington uses his plan to hide

Coastal Artillery Research Paper
Coastal Artillery is an anti–ship artillery used to defend the coast with heavy sized weapons. In this essay, you will learn a few facts on the history of
Coastal artillery, and weaponry.
From the middle ages to WWII, Coastal artillery was highly important to the U.S. in the defense of the coast and in naval battles. One of the first uses
of coastal artillery was in 1381, but it expanded in the 16th century, during the Age of Discoveries. In 1794, Coastal artillery was established as a
branch in the army, creating the first system in 1794 and the second system in 1804. Coastal artillery was organized into 7 regiments, two of which
were created in 1898. However, in 1901 Coastal Artillery was abolished having created 126 heavy artillery and 30 ... Show more content on
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The Army has used coastal artillery in many wars, and using the weaponry to defend the United States coast. Because of the lack of Airplanes, and
much of America's enemies could only reach using the sea. They used heavy fortifications but also used things like, submarine minefields, nets and
booms, ships, and maybe even planes themselves. All of the armed forces contributed to the defense of the coast. In WWI, Subs and planes became
more useful and important.
Coastal artillery was responsible for the installation and operation of controlled mine fields. Weapons for discharging missiles, placed along the shore
for defense against naval attack. After WWI, all but 10 regiments were disbanded. In 1922, coastal artillery acquired new 16–inch and 14–inch
weapons, however they received them in short supply. Fifteen Philippine Scouts Coastal Artillery were created in 1922.
It was considered that one shore–based gun was equal to three naval guns of the same caliber. Land based guns also benefited in most cases from
additional protection to walls. The larges guns used by coastal artillery were generally of 16–inch diameter. The 14–inch gun M1907 and its variants
were large weapons installed between 1895 and 1945. They weighed around 111,900 pounds, and were 495 inches in length. Shooting a shell that
weighed 1,660 pounds. The gunners would feed this weapon by hand. These were just a few weapons used by the Coastal

Ia Dang Valley Analysis
They Were Soldiers An analysis of Fire Support in the Ia Drang Valley and critical comparison to today's United States Army Field Artillery Branch
SGT Jonathon Frank, SSG Samuel Last, SGT Ryan Molaskey, SGT Jeremiah Schaller 13F Advanced Leader's Course, Field Artillery Center of
Excellence The Battle of the Ia Drang Valley took place on November 14th, 1965. It is known for impressive boots–on–the–ground leadership, is
hailed as the first employment of the helicopter as an effective fire support asset, and is the first record of United States regular troops in Vietnam
directly engaging the North Vietnamese Army in combat. This analysis of fire support employment during the Battle of the Ia Drang Valley seeks to
compare the innovations,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First–hand account We Were Soldiers Once...and Young: Ia Drang– The Battle That Changed the War in Vietnam, by Joseph Galloway, tells the story
of the courage and hard fighting that occurred in that valley. This book was made even more popular by the film made after it, We Were Soldiers. A
comparison of leadership, at any time, is difficult to conduct without first–hand knowledge. However, relatable events and occurrences do exist. The
process of providing fire support is one that requires a streamlined process, quick–thinking individuals, and ready assets. The fire support process of
today is considerably more streamlined and structured than that of the Vietnam War. The Army's lessons learned in places like Ia Drang have paved
the way for the tactics, techniques, and procedures used today. However, while the process and assets may be more streamlined and abundant, today's
leadership pales in comparison. A streamlined process is worth nothing if the gun crews are slow, the Fire Direction Center doesn't check for safety
concerns, and the Fires Effects and Coordination Cell fails to deconflict. Even with the lessons learned, firing incidents still occur in alarming numbers.
From the transposing of grid coordinates, to the mixing up of target and friendly locations, many of today's artillerymen do not exemplify the high
standards of tactical and technical competency observed in the Ia

Observer Fires Essay
FM 3–09.30
Final Draft
CRC
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Observed Fire and Fire Support at Battalion Task Force and Below
FINAL DRAFT
31 May 2001
FM 3–09.30 (6–30) Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Observed Fire and Fire Support at BattalionTask Force and Below
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ARMY
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Preface
The purpose of this field manual (FM) is to provide a source for the most current essential information about fire support at the battalion task force and
company team levels and discuss the technical, operational, and organizational aspects of observed fire procedures. The doctrinal foundations for this ...
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Distribution is unlimited. ________ *This publication supersedes FM 6–20–20, 27 December 1991 and FM 6–30, 16 July 1991
i
FM 3–09.30 (6–30) FINAL DRAFT ____________________________________________________________

__
Chapter 3
COMPANY TEAM FIRE SUPPORT......................................................................... 3
–1 Fire Support Team
.................................................................................................... 3–1 Preparation for Operations........................................................................................
3–5 Vehicle Employment Options.................................................................................... 3–7 Observation
Posts..................................................................................................... 3–8 Company Team Fire Support Planning Using the Troop Leading Procedures
...... 3–10 Required Products

Essay on Warfare during the Renaissance
Warfare During the Renaissance
Warfare did not get invented during the Renaissance, but there were some significant innovations. Feudal cavalry lost its strength of the battlefield,
infantry gained in stature, states learned how to field large armies for long periods of time. Most important of all, however, was the use of gunpowder.
The chief result of these innovations was that warfare once and for all was taken out of the hands of private individuals (the nobility) and was taken
over by the nation–state. Moreover, war became so expensive and destructive that it became ever more difficult and dangerous for small states to
wage war, even at the local level. Warfare became big business and the business of big players.
Decline of feudal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anywhere from 14 to 20 feet long, the pike was in effective the infantryman's version of the lance. At its end it had a point for impaling, a hook for
grabbing, and often a blade for cutting. There were many variations on these.
As with the longbow, the real effectiveness of the pike was not so much the weapon itself but how it was used on the battlefield. The Swiss became
adept at fighting in formation. A solid square of Pikemen, with the front lines planting their pikes in the ground, presented a bristling wall that cavalry
charges were generally unable to break. As with the English, too, the Swiss fought as traditional infantry once the cavalry charge was thoroughly
disrupted. The Swiss Pikemen wore only light armor, for mobility was important and his real armor was his fellows in his unit. So long as they held
together, they were protected, and it was long time before other armies learned how to break up a Swiss square.
Warfare
Gunpowder
The invention of guns, handguns, artillery, field artillery – changed warfare in ways that were unimaginable those days. Effective cannons meant that
castles were no longer safe. Field artillery and handguns

The Battle On Pork Chop Hill
In many war stories officers are depicted as the, "heroes of the battle" based off of what was credited in history. Some supported the war efforts
exhausted in order to contain communism and others felt like we were fighting an unjust war. The views of the Battle on Pork Chop Hill are no
different. US forces originally occupied a location originally known as Hill 355 in October of 1951. The tactics used to capture and fight for this
location were brutal, and exhausting for both sides. Various Infantry andArtillery units fought to capture and defend this hill. Using Artillery during
this war was key for U.S. forces to capture and control Pork Chop Hill. Even though some would say it was a long drawn out war, it shows the
importance of artillery during battle because it provides soldiers basic leadership skills, strengthens future generations of soldiers, and their basic
military heritage and tactics. The Battle on Pork Chop Hill is a significant event in the war because it lasted longer than any other single battle during the
Korean War. The Field Artillery was important to these battles and so were the effects it had on these events. Many lives were lost as a result of
fighting for this hill including Soldiers from the NATO coalition forces, United States, North Korea, and China. Both sides had constructed such great
defensive tactics that if they tried to advance, it would result in loss of more men. Like many wars, this battle focuses on political views. When

Field Artillery Progression
The Progression of the Field Artillery within the U.S. Army The "King of Battle" is becoming a better king. The overall progression in the U.S. Army
has been rapid to say the least. With every new battle, the Field Artillery has brought something new and important to that table. Paving the way to the
accurate and predicted fires that we have in today's Artillery world. We will shine light on key events throughout the history of the Field Artillery,
leading up to Current technology and training goals. You will have a vastly greater knowledge of how the Field Artillery came to be what it currently
is. In the beginning there was no actual "Field Artillery", there were only coastal defenses within some towns. The battle of Bunker Hill ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the current war dwindling down in Afghanistan, the Field Artillery's focus becomes more on training in a force on force style fight. Their focus
is to utilize older conventional style war fighting tactics on new updated Artillery systems. The following quote from Major General Mark McDonald
truly describes our current situation, "We've got most of the pieces in place to be able to train the digital system. What we have to do is get everybody
really comfortable with it, train with it more often, so that's their go–to system," (Mathis). The result will be to pull away from older manually
computed firing data and to begin to rely solely on the newer updated digital systems, thus allowing for the safer, more accurate and timely fires that
will be needed in future conflicts. What does this mean for enlisted members and officers alike? "The introduction of these modernized systems will
provide several opportunities for cross–branch training and deployment, as well as opportunities for joint operations that have yet to be discovered.
Additionally, this modernization will present substantial challenges to both officer and enlisted leadership alike, requiring both to be more technically
qualified in order to be effective leaders" (Dedmond and

Direct Fire Assets Helped Impacted The Battle Of Okinawa
Having in–direct fire assets helped impacted the battle of Okinawa enormously. There were dilemmas, troubles, and endeavors. This battle lead to the
progression of our artillery. It educated the military showing it is difficult to shoot, move, and communicate effectively when moving with the fast pace
of a battle. Throughout the 82 day battle they used marine air, artillery, mortars, and naval gunfire. Artillery provided fires delaying, disrupting, and
destroying the enemy proving who the true king of battle is. The battle for Okinawa begin on 01Apr1945 and went until 22Jun1945. The capture of
Okinawa was part of the plan to win the Far East war. The island of Okinawa is a part of a group of islands at the southern end of Japan. The main
focus for the Americans were four airfields that were on the island that they wanted to control. The forces that made up the American landing party
were the III Amphibious Corps and XXIV Corps, making the Tenth U.S. Army under the command of Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.
American forces had not been able to gather very much intelligence about the island which made it difficult to determine how many enemy forces
there were. There were over 130,000 Japanese troops waiting on the island. There were over 450,000 civilians which made operations harder for
American forces. The enemy forces where mainly down in the southern sector of the island waiting for the Americans. The beach landings on the island
where prepped with

Monte Cassino Battle
The attack on Monte Cassino was a bloody affair and one that was dubbed the Stalingrad of the Italian front. The battle saw a plethora of high
explosives exchanged between the Allied and Axis forces of World War Two. Polish forces had one unlikely war hero on their side, a Syrian brown
bear named Wojtek, which translates in Slavik to, "he who loves war". He was essential in moving ammunition for the Polish 22ndArtillery Supply
Company during the Battle of Monte Cassino, which allowed them to continue to bombard Axis forces within the city while boosting the morale of
friendly forces engaged in the deadly battle. This essay will continue to address the history and outcome of the Battle of Monte Cassino, the evolution
and contribution provided ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today's military still utilizes the attack and defensive techniques presented in this battle by the Allied and Axis forces. It is also important to take away
the role that Wojtek played, and how a simple solution to a difficult problem can vastly change the tactics, techniques and procedures of a military force
in future operations. One of the most valuable tools to understand is how to use and implement the lessons learned process to improve and dominate
future military operations. As the fires community moves forward it should continue to understand the role that it plays to shape offensive and
defensive operations, either in a standalone method or as part of a joint attack to control the ground force commander's

Field Artillery Essay
Support from field artillery has been crucial to every conflict the United States of America has faced since its establishment as a country. Field artillery
provides valuable support to its infantry counterparts by allowing them to close the distance and destroy their enemies. It molds and shapes the
battlefield. The evolution of field artillery has been remarkable throughout the last 240 years to say the least. Throughout World War II, more
specifically the Battle of Anzio, the Army made essential changes and improvements to the weaponry, tactics and techniques of field artillery that
ultimately changed the outcome of the battle, which greatly contributed to the allied victory.
On January 22, 1944 a British–American force, landed along ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. 3rd Infantry Division held them off, and prevented their forces from massing in any particular area by concentrating artillery fires on two
critical areas of the battlefield (Carter 2010). This successful defense of the beachhead also allowed Allied forces to link with the forces near Monte
Cassino. General Raymond McLain, Commander of the 45th Division Artillery told Colonel L.S. Griffing, of the Army ground forces board, "Our
only salvation on the beachhead has been the use of mass fires, and an effective counter–battery system" (Dastrup 1992). The Anzio forces and the
German forces remained in a stalemate until 23 May, when Operation Buffalo was launched, and the Cisterna sector fell 2 days

The Chenogne Massacre
The Battle of the Bulge started with a surprise on December 16th when the German Army launched one of the largest Artillery bombardments the
world has ever seen. Part of the Germans plan was to infiltrate the United States forces with Germans Soldiers with near perfect English in order to
disrupt and cause confusions during the initial attacks. The German Soldiers were unable to maintain their disguise and were later executed. The initial
surprise attack seemed at first like forward progress, however the United States 2nd and 99th Divisions maintain a strong hold at Elsenberg and
Mamedy. Unfortunately for the American Soldiers December 16th also brought on another surprise, bad weather set in at the Ardennes region, limiting
any air support... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chenogne Massacre was a retaliation for the Malmedy Massacre, where over sixty German prisoners near the Belgian Village of Chenogne
were shot. The events on January 1st 1945 during the Chenogne Massacre were covered up throughout time, and the perpetrators were punished.
As far as today, historians believe that the reason for this massacre was because of senior commanders giving verbal orders to kill all prisoners.
John Fague of B Company, 21st Infantry Battalion, an eyewitness had stated "Some of the boys had some prisoners line up. I knew they were
going to shoot them, and I hated this business. They marched the prisoners back up the hill to murder them with the rest of the prisoners we had
secured that morning.... As we were going up the hill out of town, I know some of our boys were lining up German prisoners in the fields on both
sides of the road. There must have been 25 or 30 German boys in each group. Machine guns were being set up. These boys were to be machine
gunned and murdered. We were committing the same crimes we were now accusing the Japs and Germans of doing.... Going back down the road into
town I looked into the fields where the German boys had been shot. Dark lifeless forms lay in the snow." As we can imagine, with the bonds molded
between brothers, tempers were easily flared amongst the

Parachute Field Artillery Battalion: The Battle Of Bastogne
SIEGE OF BASTOGNE
The 463rd Parachute Field Artillery Battalion organized 21 February 1944 was Comprised of C and D batteries from the 463rd Parachute Field
Artillery Battalion, 82nd Airborne Division. Later reflagged under 101st DIVARTY. Commanded by Major Hugh Neal (Hesler, n.d.) The 463rd
Battalion had a key role and contributed to the success of the 101st at the Battle of Bastogne.
Bastogne a small town in the Ardennes mountains of Belgium, Germany was the sight of fierce and strategically vital battle between German and
American forces. All the roads in the Ardennes mountains met at the town of Bastogne. Making this key piece of terrain to both the German and
American forces. Also known as the siege of Bastogne this battle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the American and German infantry both in defensive positions, a battle of artillery began. The 463rd with only 16 75mm Howitzers tasked with
covering a sector 360– degrees extending out over eight kilometers. After three brutal days of fighting the German commander feeling the desperation
of the Americans, sent the terms of surrender to General McAuliffe the commander of 101st Airborne Division, replied simply with "NUTS". The first
four days of the operation, Major Neal and his Howitzers fired over 13,000 rounds. Credited with a disputed number of enemy tanks destroyed.
Anticipating an attack from the Germans after General McAuliffe's goading response to the terms of surrender, Major Neal began requesting much
needed ammunition and rations for his men. On 23 December severed from Allied resupply routes multiple C–47 transport planes dropped ammunition
and rations for the men of the 463rd. This resupply is the decisive factor to the American victory at Bastogne. 25 December the German Offensive
begins. With orders from General McAuliffe to hold Bastogne at all costs Major Neal gave his guidance to repel the attack or Die in place.
Sergeant Joseph Rogan and Corporal Bryan Restor Forward Observers with the 463rd occupied an observation post 1000 meters beyond the forward
line of own troops. In the fallowing days the two men would be responsible for spotting enemy tank movements and repelling enemy assaulting units
utilizing indirect fires. The two men called an unknown number of fire missions, resulting in over 8,000 rounds fired and a disputed number of enemy
tanks destroyed. Sergeant Rogan received a Silver Star for his bravery and valor during the German

Why Is Field Artillery Important
Field Artillery traces its history back to 1775. "However, artillery as we know it today is a proud profession that traces its origins and honorable
traditions to centuries before the birth of Christ (Unknown)." In the 18th century Frederick the Great of Prussia began mounting cannoneers on the
backs of horses. This in turn gave the Field Artillery great mobility and the ability to accompany cavalry. "With the development of trucks, horse
artillery and horse drawn artillery evolved into the towed artillery, as we know today (Unknown)." The American field artillery has answered the call
to arms in every major war and conflict, evolving our technology, equipment, and cannoneers to employ these changes in battle. "The American Field
Artillery was born November 17, 1775, when Henry Knox, a 26–year–old self–taught artilleryman, appointed to Chief of the Continental Artillery
(Unknown)." In August of 1775, a New York militia company on Manhattan Island confiscated 21 original nine–pounders. Fifty–nine cannons were on
Dorchester Heights and Nook's Hill overlooking Boston by March 2 1776. "General Washington ordered the bombardment of the city, and thus began
the traditions of the American Field Artillery (Unknown)." The remaining action seen during the Revolutionary War was the final
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The Americans used artillery in several ground engagements when fighting the bulk of the War at sea. The artillery during this time consisted mostly of
six–pounders. Large caliber size howitzers reduced to 12, 18 and 24 pounders in 1824. Secretary of War Joel Roberts Poinsett directed the
establishment of an artillery training camp at Camp Washington and later established four light batteries; one for each of the four artillery regiments at
the time. "Major Ringgold's battery, the fourth light battery, was equipped with the new light 6–pounder and was the only true horse artillery in the
service

Battle Analysis Methodology : The Battle Of Fredericksburg
Battle Analysis Methodology
The Battle of Fredericksburg took place between December 11–15, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia. General Robert E. Lee commanded the
confederate Army of Northern Virginia, while the opposition forces of the Union Army of the Potomac, were commanded by Major GeneralAmbrose
Burnside. The battle stemmed from a need for the Union Army to demonstrate some success in the war effort. The Northern public was currently
losing confidence in Lincoln and his ability to win the war. Lincoln had replaced several of his top Generals in order to thwart the recent advances of
the Confederate Army, which made significant advances during the fall. The battle is remembered as one of the most one–sided battles in the history
of the war, being that the Union casualties would amount to more than three times that of the Confederates. When looking at the methodology Major
General Burnside used to stage his troops and prepare his attack, we can assess why the number of casualties far surpassed that of the Confederates.
Preparation, equipment, time and execution were the main factors which attributed to the failed campaign, ending with the withdrawal of the Union
troops on December 15, 1862. The plan initially went awry after Burnside and his troops arrived to the Rappahannock and there were no pontoon
bridges to cross the river, which were only requisitioned for 10 days prior. The equipment would eventually arrive two weeks later, giving General Lee

The History Of Field Artillery
My dad always wanted to excel at everything he did. He also wanted to make the world a better place for people and his kids. He is a God fearing man
and a role model to me and many others. It is in my family to work against evil and make a difference in this world; it runs in our blood. " Sheep,
Wolves, and Sheepdogs." The sheep go through life refusing to see evil. The wolves are the evil preying on the sheep. But the sheepdogs? They protect
the sheep. They fight the evil. – Unknown. This is why we need people in the armed forces. There will always be evil out there to fight. It is a never
ending battle it takes people with dignity and honor to do this job. There will always be people doing it for the good and their country. There will always
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So then I asked what is commonly overlooked or unknown about this job and she said that it's not the job that is hard it is everything else like being
away from home and your family. She said that's the hardest part of all of it.
I asked Mrs.Brown what she enjoyed the most and she said the friends and the comradery of it all. She said it's different from your friends back
home. She said it's not like anything else you have experienced. She really enjoyed it she said. The last one I asked her was what are the
qualifications and she said a vision test, physical training, and shooting. Those were really all of them. The rest is mental.
In conclusion, I learned that this career is very challenging and it helped me decide what I want to do. I really liked the interview part. In the end I
decided that the branch I wanted to go into isn't the branch I want to go into any more. It really opened my eyes to everything and I don't think I am
going to go into the artillery but I want to go to the Army and be a diesel mechanic. So all in all this helped me and it was very good to find this

Essay On The Battle Of The Bulge
Battle of the Bulge By the time World War II ended, numerous battles were won and lost by both sides. Millions of soldiers were killed defending
their countries. One of the most famous battles was the Battle of the Bulge. The result of this battle would all but end any hope for Adolf Hitler to
win World War II. The essay will cover the events leading up to the Battle of the Bulge, how this battle was fought, the casualties, and what happened
after this battle was over. This will give a better understanding, some expertise, and awareness of how important this battle was to the Allied forces.
The Battle of the Bulge is said to be Adolf Hitler's "final, desperate gamble of the war" (Battle of the Bulge Timeline (December 16th, 1944– January
25th, 1945), n.d.). This was because by this time in World War II, Adolf Hitler was running low on supplies. Knowing that this war could end for him
soon, he made a frantic effort to try and win the war. Since he was low on supplies his goal was to "reach the post city of Antwerp and disrupt the
Allied front and their much–needed supply lines along the way" (Battle of the Bulge Timeline (December 16th, 1944– January 25th, 1945), n.d.). This
was an important battle that needed to be won, and it is said to be the "largest and perhaps the most savage land battle fought by the Americans in
World War Two" (The Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Final Gamble, 2005). This battle started on December 16, 1944. This started with the surprise

What Is The Success Of The Battle Of Pork Chop Hill
The Battle of Pork Chop Hill
Introduction
The US ARMY field artillery begins in the colonial period when American patriots were fighting against the British for imposing the three intolerable
acts that infringed on the rights of the Americans especially for the residents of Boston who were more affected by these laws. In retaliation, the
Americans were forming a militia and had created a supply depot to support these militia organizations. The General at that time sent troops to destroy
the supply stores and in anticipation of this, the American militia waited along the British routes and poured fire on the British. The General sent a
troop with two pounds of explosives used to destruct and disperse the Americans. This was when the Americans realized that they neededArtillery as
well ("RIGHT OF THE LINE", 1984).
The American Field Artillery was born in November, 1775 under the leadership of Henry Knox a twenty–six–year–old book sales man who was a
self–made Artillery man. Through his leadership, the Americans were able to launch several attacks against the colonists. The last attack was in in
1781 in the battle at Yorktown when the British finally surrendered and retreated to Britain. The success of the Field Artillery was evident in the final
battle against the British although the British at that time had more artillery weapons than the Americans. It is the skill of the Soldiers and training to
endure long hours of war that enabled the American Soldiers to win the battle

Why Did American Enter Ww2
Britain had been the most powerful empire up until this point in history, but hemorrhaged much of its wealth through the extreme cost of World War I.
Initially the United States was left out of Europe's conflict. Materials began running low for the combatants, as it requires much in the way of food and
steel among other things. The US started off contributing materially to the British, not out of favoritism, but due to the British blockade they were
unable to reach Germany with supplies. When Germany found out negotiations were set up with the United States. It is often debated President
Truman's true intentions for entering the War but during negotiations he had many stipulations for the peace treaties with the Germans. One being
Germany was not allowed to fire upon any ship American citizens were aboard. This was not only specific to civilian transports but also ships carrying
weapons. One can see how this may be problematic. Americans kept... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First Army commander, General John J. Pershing found himself up against insurmountable odds. The Germans has dug in quite comfortably to a
heavily wooded area immediately northwest of the town of Verdun. General Pershing knew from tales told of the Battle of Verdun, his offensive would
require a strong artillery presence from his side. Around the Battle of Verdun, German and British artillery had made leaps and bounds in terms of
progression, and the Americans were watching incorporating these lessons for the upcoming offensive. No longer primarily a direct fire weapon,
artillerymen were utilizing indirect assets. Now troops hiding on the other side of a hill had fires to worry about. Also up to this point trench warfare
had been a primary means of fighting on most battle fields. This indirect fire concept was also utilized by machine gunners; soldiers pointing their
weapons in the air to drop rounds and suppress an area. As you will read, the Americans even used some French pieces in their

Air Defense Artillery On The Vietnam War Essay
Air Defense Artillery's Role in the Vietnam War
SSG Arsenault, SSG Everett, SSG Powell, SGT Kencsan
ADA ALC
(INTRODUCTION) In August 1964, Vietnamese DRV torpedo boats attacked two U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. President London B. Johnson
ordered the retaliatory bombing of military targets in North Vietnam. Shortly after the incident, U.S. congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,
giving President Johnson war–making powers, and U.S. planes began regular bombing raids (Reference http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam–war
/vietnam–war–history ). In Vietnam, the US enjoyed virtual air supremacy. Nevertheless, Air DefenseArtillery (ADA) units were able to distinguish
themselves and prove their versatility by providing fire support to ground forces. ADA earned more than 450 medals for valor, receiving more than
1000 Purple Hearts, and one Congressional Medal of Honor awarded to SGT Mitchell Stout (Reference http://www.usc.edu/dept–00/dept/armyrotc
/branches/air_defense.html ). Despite there being no confirmed aerial engagements, Air Defense Artillery played a vital role in the Vietnam War, and
were at times crucial to battle success, proving their versatility, adaptability, flexibility. Air Defense Artillery (ADA) got its origins in the Coastal
Artillery Corps. During World War I (WWI), planners saw a need for antiaircraft artillery to protect ground forces from the newly emerging aerial
threat (Reference

Battle Of The American Revolution
The Battle of Yorktown was one of the most significant battles of the American Revolution. Not only was it a major battle that helped end the war but
also showed the power of the Continental Army's field artillery. The battle was a major turning point in establishing the freedom of the United States
of America and was the last major battle of the war. The Continental and French forces moved to Yorktown on 28 September 1781, however the first
shot was not fired until 9 October of 1781. It was roughly ten days of continuous artillery fire that helped demoralize the British forces, leading to their
surrender on 19 October 1781.
The lead up to the Battle of Yorktown started when Lieutenant General Lord William Cornwallis led his army to Yorktown to try and establish a deep
sea port for British use. His two year campaign through the south fighting against the likes of General Nathanael Greene and General George
Washington took its toll on his forces. He marched his army of 7,000 troops to the harbor town of Yorktown located next to the York River in Virginia.
His original mission was to receive reinforcements and supplies, however upon his arrival, General Sir Henry Clinton, the commander–in–chief for the
British forces, ordered General Cornwallis to secure the harbor and prepare for extraction by the Royal Navy. General George Washington of the
American Forces, who was encamped at Dobbs Ferry, heard about Cornwallis heading to Yorktown while he was assaulting the town

Texas Military Equipment
The use of artillery has provided military commanders the ability to disrupt, destroy, and defeat their enemy's throughout history. It is important to
realize maneuver commanders need reliable, fast, and accurate fire support. The use of integrated fire of artillery provides maneuver commanders
flexibility and firepower and is the key to battle success in both the offense and defense. This paper will discuss how modern equipment and innovative
techniques to employ that equipment shaped and controlled the entire battle space. In 1836, Texas gained its independence from Mexico. The Mexican
government encouraged border skirmishes and raids while warning the United States that annexation of Texas would lead to war. Newly elected
president James K. Polk initiated annexation procedures in 1844, and made offers to the Mexican government to purchase what is today the American
southwest. On 4 July 1845, the Texas congress voted to join the United States and after Mexico's rejection to sell the territories or settle on boundaries
for the disputed Texas territory, the United States moved troops into the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gen Arista responded by moving his right flank forward and pulling his left flank back to the rear. In effect, the battle's orientation rotated about
thirty–five degrees clockwise. Arista renewed the fighting after an hour and sent his cavalry once again against the American right flank. The 18–pound
guns and the 6–pound guns in support of the right beat back the advance. After the 18–pound guns knocked large holes in the Mexican lines, Gen
Taylor then ordered a mixed attack the Mexican left. Arista then ordered hisartillery to concentrate counter battery fire on the advancing American
guns that had come within range of Mexican artillery. The heavy Mexican fire forced the U.S. guns to pull back and mortally wounded Maj

The Battle Of Battle For Okinawa
Raining Steel
Having in–direct fire assets helped to impact the battle of Okinawa enormously. There were dilemmas, troubles, and endeavors. This battle leads to the
progression of our artillery. It educated the military and artillery showing it is difficult to shoot, move, and communicate effectively when moving with
the fast pace of a battle. Throughout the 82 day battle, they used marine air, artillery, mortars, and naval gunfire. Artillery provided fires delaying,
disrupting, and destroying the enemy, proving who the true king of battle is.
The battle for Okinawa begin on 01Apr1945 and went until 22Jun1945. The capture of Okinawa was part of the plan to win the Far East war. The
island of Okinawa is a part of a group of islands at the southern end of Japan. The main focus for the Americans were four airfields that were on the
island that they wanted to control. The forces that made up the American landing party were the III Amphibious Corps and XXIV Corps, making the
Tenth U.S. Army under the command of Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. American forces had not been able to gather very much
intelligence about the island which made it difficult to determine how many enemy forces there have been. There were over 130,000 Japanese troops
waiting on the island. There were over 450,000 civilians which made operations harder for American forces. The enemy forces were mainly down in
the southern sector of the island waiting for the Americans. The beach

The Battle Of The Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge was one of the Bloodiest battles of World War II with around 175,000 total casualties and played a key role in ending the
War. The Battle started as a German surprise attack on Allied Forces along an 80–mile front in the Ardennes Forest of southern Belgium. The Germans
initially had a great deal of success in their attack but through a series of Allied counter attacks the Allied Forces were able to cripple the German
Forces. The Field Artillery played a crucial role in this Allied victory in that they were able to effectively thin out the German Tanks which allowed
Allied Ground forces to push back the German Forces. The strategic setting, the battle itself, and the overall significance of the battle clearly displays
the Field Artilleries importance in both the battle and the war.
The strategic setting of the Battle of the Bulge showed the American forces were comprised of four and two–thirds divisions with an effective strength
of about 83,000 men. The heavy weapons then available numbered 242 medium tanks, 182 tank destroyers, and 394 pieces of corps and divisional
artillery. These troops and weapons were deploying on a roundabout front of around 80 miles. Another 20 infantry divisions, nine armored divisions
including 4,100 additional artillery pieces reinforced the Americans after the battle began. The Germans began their offensive with over 200,000 men,
340 tanks, and 1,600 artillery pieces. These forces grew by another 12 infantry

The Battle Of Gettysburg : The Role Of Artillery
The Battle of Gettysburg: The Role of Artillery
One of the largest casualty producing battles in American history was the Battle of Gettysburg, and it was largely attributed to the artillery. Due to
effective leadership, advanced tactics superior fires, the Union Army was able to influence the tide of the battle. The Artillery used during the Battle of
Gettysburg was essential to the Union forces' victory. In total, there were over 370 Union Army artillery units at Gettysburg during the battle on
November 19th, 1863 (Newton, 2005). This gave the Union Army a stout advantage over the Confederate Army, who only had about 280 artillery
unit's available (Newton, 2005). Of the different pieces used, the 12 pound smooth bore Napoleon was the most common. With a range of 1,300
yards, this artillery piece was used for direct fire on enemy troops and advancing artillery (Newton, 2005). In most cases, the Napoleon used a
canister shot, which consisted of one round and one charge (Newton, 2005).When massing artillery fires on enemy artillery, it was common for
artillery sections to use a double canister, a canister with two rounds and one charge (Newton, 2005). This was done to increase the chance of critical
damage to enemy pieces. Often times when engaging enemy artillery directly, Union artillery would focus the battery on one enemy piece at a time,
using the double canister (Newton, 2005).
The second most common piece was the rifle bored 3 inch Ordnance Rifle, which had a range

Case Study: United States Field Artillery
Fire Support Specialist and Military Veteran with a Secret Security Clearance and 5 years of proven experience in the United States Field Artillery.
Accomplished measurable results while leading teams of multiple soldiers in a dynamic, fast – paced environment. Possess a comprehensive
background in leading and training troops in Forward Observer combat tasks and drills derived from conducting domestic and global operations in
Poland, Germany and Bulgaria. Managed risk upon multiple lines to protect assets, property and equipment valued over hundreds of thousands of
dollars while meeting the expectations of senior leadership. Possess extensive knowledge in producing graphics, overlays and reports, as well as
disseminating tactical information. Recipient of multiple awards for outstanding performance and professionalism in the United States Field Artillery.
SKILLS
Career ExperiencesProficiencies
Leadership Firearm and explosives handling
Data AnalysisTraining and Development
Policy ImplementationOrganization/Communication
Microsoft Office Suite Spanish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I set the example in all aspects of my duties, managed multiple leadership positions above my pay grade to standard. Conducted varies field training
exercises under stressful conditions including operating out of tents in the Alaskan below freezing temperatures. Also navigating harsh terrain mounted
and on foot with map, compass, and other GPS devices while maneuvering with an infantry platoon.
Empowered and mentored soldiers and other junior Non Commissioned Officer's by implementation team member developed, conducted and peer
evaluated classes on equipment and job specific tasks. In addition to being trained on multiple weapons, combat life saver, hand to hand combat, room
clearing, small team tactics and being able to navigate through just about any type of terrain with only a map and

General George S. Patton
General George S. Patton is one of America's greatest generals and was known for his brutal honesty. One of his most famous quotes were "I don't
have to tell you who won the war. You know the artillery did." General Patton regularly held the artillery in high admiration throughout World War II.
The actions on the battlefield that led to rise of the artillery began much earlier in history. One battle had greatly contributed to the development of
artillery tactics and equipment during these times. This created the foundation for modern artillery howitzers and tactics. The United States of America,
and the entire world, owes much of their artillery prowess to the decisive tactics used in The Fall of Constantinople, where the cannon showed itself the
most effective piece on the battlefield.
The Fall of Constantinople featured the armies of the Ottoman Empire, led by the young sultan Mehmed II, and the heavily favored Byzantine army, led
by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI. This conflict only took two months, and in those months, changed the face of artillery forever. Mehmed II
sought to expand his empire into South–Eastern Europe, and immediately set his aim on the capital of the Byzantine Empire at Constantinople. He
clearly saw the strategic value of the city, as it connected Eastern Europe with Asia (Damyanov, 1996). Mehmed II led an attack with little warning. In
the early days of the battle, Constantine XI was confident that his army could withstand the

Battle Of Gettysburg Research Papers
The Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg has been known to many as the decisive turning point of the Civil War. The battle itself was a Union
victory that forced the Confederacy into a defensive posture which ended General Lee's most ambitious attempt to invade Union Territory (Gettysburg
Foundation, 2017). The Battle of Gettysburg alone consisted of 67 Battery's in which totaled 362 guns making it the largest artillery attack in United
States history. This battle was a historical landmark for the field artillery, as it established the field artillery as an effective firing weapon system and
paved the way for more accurate fires (Herhily, 1931).
The Battle of Gettysburg started on July 1, 1863 as a meeting engagement, after Robert E. Lee won the Battel of Chancellorsville, Virginia. Lee was so
successful in his last battle, decided ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Engaging double its number in guns this battery rendered adequate and accurate fire support during the two hours in which the federal cavalry
blocked the confederate advance for a few hours. Its fires was notably responsible for the delay offered to the advance of Hill's leading brigades.
However, when the Union cavalry, 1st Corp, and 11th Corps tried delaying the Confederacy's further advancement, additional Confederate
reinforcements arrived on scene. As a result the Union soldiers were forced to retreat further back to the town of Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill and
Culp's Hill. The Union attempted to defend these two hill tops with around 90,000 soldier and the 2nd Field Artillery, but the Confederacy with
70,000 soldier launched a fierce attack on the Union. By the end of the day of the 2nd of July the Confederates gained ground, even though the Union
still held strong positons. The battle continued on Culp's Hill, Cemetery Hill and Cemetery Ridge on the 3rd of July. Cemetery Ridge, also known as
Pickett's Charge, was a very important part of this

The Battle Of Yorktown : A Great Indication
History is a great indication of how we can improve situations in the present for an even successful future. Learning from what has happened in the
past can provide our current United States of America (US) Army with strategies that can enhance our ability to be successful during military mission
battles. The Battle of Yorktown provides a great example of how working with other nations and being their allies can help us to overcome issues
within our own units, batteries, and higher echelon. With further analysis of the Battle of Yorktown, it is also apparent that the strategic usage ofartillery
played a major role in its success and that its utilization was more than just about operating cannons and howitzers. The Battle of Yorktown... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, their strategy and usage of artillery played a major role in their ability to dominate in both their infantry and fleets throughout the battle.
The Battle of Yorktown was one of the most important and was the final battle for theAmerican Revolutionary War(Greene, 2009).
The relationship between the allies, French and the Americans, was the primary reason for their success in the Battle of Yorktown and ultimately in the
American Revolutionary War. Under the command of GeneralGeorge Washington, the Americans provided initial force upon their attack against the
British that eventually wiped them out. In addition, the French were able to provide reinforcement for their allies and respond to their actions
accordingly for a successful battle. This strategy provided by the allies in addition to the poor response by the General Cornwallis of the British
contributed to its successful outcome, as we understand it today.
The ally between the Americans and the French was a strategy that proved to be successful during the Battle of Yorktown. However, because the
French did not have conflict with either the Americans or the British, their involvement with this battle was contingent on two circumstances. First, the
Americans must have the capability to defend and protect the French's interest from their enemies. Second, the Americans would provide the allowance
for the French

Research Paper On The Battle Of The Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge
SSG Springer, SSG Sullivan, SSG Victor, SSG Almanzar, SSG Stierlen
SLC 13B40 Class 001–018
The Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of the Bulge, known as the Ardennes Offensive, was the largest battle fought on the Western Front in Europe during World War II and the
largest battle ever fought by the U.S. Army. The battle was Hitler's last major battle in World War II; an attempt to push the Allied front line west from
northern France to northwestern Belgium. Hitler attempted to split the Allies in two in their drives toward Germany and destroy the ability to supply
themselves (Weintraub, 2007). The Germans lost so many troops and equipment that they could not launch another attack on the Allied forces. The
Battle of the Bulge is most significant in that it ruined the German army. Essentially, the Battle of the Bulge brought about the end of World War II
(Weintraub, 2007). During the Battle of the Bulge, the AmericanArtillery units had been equipped with new American weapons. All the divisions'
Artillery was motorized after the discovery of a defect found on the French Artillery Gun that the Americans used duringWorld War I. The U.S. Army
managed to replace all its World War I artillery pieces with the new, modernized howitzers and convert from horse
–drawn to motorized artillery. The
American artillery units were equipped with M105mm, M155mm and M155mm self–propelled Howitzers and with proximity fuzes, the most notable
advances

The Battle Of Palo Alto
Battle of Palo Alto May 8, 1946 marks a crucial day for the American field artillery. On that day a significant battle was fought, in which is now
Brownsville, Texas, due to a dispute over territory. That battle is known to as the Battle of Palo Alto. One of many battles won by the Field Artillery.
It was the first battle of the Mexican–American war. During the first conflict, new and improved artillery was developed. The upgrade seemed to open
up a window to new artillery with better capabilities. The battle of Palo Alto is a significant event in the history of theUnited States Army and Field
Artillery, it exposed weaknesses in the Mexican army weaponry, and proved why the "Flying Artillery" was an effective tactic during battle. To start,
the battle of Palo Alto was a significant event in the history of the United States Army and the division of Field Artillery. We must look at the major
events that led up to the battle to see the full extent of the influence it had to the Field Artillery we know today. During the 1840's the United States
was in a position to exert influence over the huge land mass of North America. Traditional Europeans had envisioned the idea of outposts on the
unclaimed West. To counter those ideas, the United States began to claim and annex large amounts of territory before any other county could control
the unclaimed territory. Once the United States annexed Texas as a Republic of U.S. Territory, Mexican armies began to raid the

Battle On The Bulge : The Battle Of The Bulge
On the eve of World War II, the United States field artillerymen were hesitant to go into war and fight; with the recent defeat of our French and British
Allies by the German Forces. The Germans were equipped with modern mobile armored welfare, including the 105mm howitzer as their main artillery
weapon. The United States had to quickly develop and produce modern artillery weapon systems to fight the Germans. This would ultimately prove to
be a key contributing factor that led to the defeat of the Germans in the largest land battle of World War II, The Battle of the Bulge.
The Battle of the Bulge, also called the Ardennes Offensive, was Hitler's last major offensive on the Western Front. The Battle of the Bulge took
place on December 16, 1944 when the Germans launched their surprise attack on Allied Forces on the Western Front stretching from a heavily
wooden forest of Ardennes to southern Belgium, Luxembourg, and into Germany. The ultimate goal of Hitler was to put a wedge between America
and Allied Forces and gain control of the Belgian port of Antwerp to force the Allies in the West to negotiate peace in the Axis power favor, so that
Hitler could then turn and fully focus on the Eastern Front (Cole). More than one million men took part in The Battle of the Bulge to include 500,000
Americans, 600,000 Germans, and 55,000 British Allies (Dictionary of American History).
The German artillery, from the 75–mm infantry with howitzers up to 210–mm heavy battalions, were

Evolution Of Field Artillery
The Evolution of Field Artillery through the United States Army The early causes of the American Revolution war can be rooted to 1763. Through
series of acts to include the Stamp and Sugar act, Americans were imposed to pay unjust taxes to the British government. During the American
Revolutionary war, Artillery was an essential factor that contributed into the defeat of the British. The American Artillery during that time consisted of
a large variety of different pieces, range, method of mobility and shell. The pieces are mainly divided into: Light weight field guns: field guns were
the main battlefield artillery weapons. It shot from a flat surface to bounce the shell cross the battlefield toward the enemy formations sustaining a great
casualty rate. Field guns are characterized by the projectile it... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The biggest advantage of the field guns was the mobility. The large wheels played an important rule into maneuvering through rough terrain. Siege
guns: utilized to destroy enforced positions, siege guns fired at a low angle with short or long ranges. They were commonly used to target enemy's
cannon due to the high its high level of accuracy. Siege guns mostly fired superheated balls that can set building and ships on fire, solid shot, bombs,
canisters and grapeshot. The large size of the siege guns and the heavy weight was big disadvantage through the war. Upon Washington's assumption of
command in 1775, he appointed Henry Knox as the chief of the continental artillery. In November 1775, General Washington decided to initiate an
attack against the German mercenaries at Trenton. In January, the American columns to include 18 artillery guns placed in Trenton before the Hessians
even noticed, as the Hessians attempted to counter the aggressive attack they were faced with a devastating artillery barrage until they gave up and
escaped to an orchard to surrender after being sounded completely by the American. The result of the battle 4

Revolutionary Artillery in the Revolutionary War Essay
In 1775, thirteen colonies began a fight for their independence from Britain's rule. Without formal training in artillery tactics or a proper armament of
artillery pieces, early units had to overcome adversity and hardship. But with courage and dedication the artillery and its leadership were able to play a
vital role in the success on the battlefields, and ultimately the victory resulting in America earning its freedom.
During the Revolutionary War, theArtillery assets that were available were a combination of cannons, mortars and howitzers. There were two types of
cannons used at this time. The Field Guns, which were lightweight and easier to move, and the Siege Guns, which were much heavier and less mobile.
The cannons utilized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The howitzer was originally designed with a short barrel and large caliber resulting in the charge to be smaller so as not to add too much stress to the
round inside. This meant that the howitzer was primarily a short range weapon system. The estimated ranges of the artillery pieces are as follows, the
cannon fired with a maximum range of 2,000 yards and an effective range of 1,000 yards. The mortar fired at a maximum range of 1,400 yards with an
effective range of 750 yards and the howitzer fired at a maximum range of 1,300 yards and an effective range of 750 yards.
Henry Knox played a pivotal role in the development of early artillery, from the acquiring cannons to leading the regiment in battle his impact was
unquestionably profound. One of his first exploits with artillery was during the Battle of Bunker Hill, where he directed the rebel cannon fire onto
enemy formations. After Bunker Hill, Knox was aspiring to take command of the Continental Artillery from Richard Gridley, however the process was
slow due to the fact that Knox did not have a commission in the Continental Army. John Adams worked with the Second Continental Congress to
acquire a commission for Knox as Colonel of the artillery regiment. Knox soon received his next mission from General Washington, even before his
commission had arrived. The Army had recently captured over 50 tons of armaments after

Essay on War from the 16th Century to the Invention of...
War from the 16th Century to the Invention of Gunpowder
The invention of the powerful artillery guns would change man's role in warring engagements. The artillery guns at first were very limited by their
own design. The guns were very heavy and had to be transported by water, which meant that only towns and fortresses that were close to a body of
water could be attacked with artillery also known as the cannon. There were also some fortresses that were impervious to the early cannon attacks
based on strong designs or natural defenses. The French were able to penetrate the round shaped castles and large walls during the late 1400s by
using concentrated fire of several small guns instead of a few large ones. A new design of smaller... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maurice of Nassau equipped his army with weapons of the same size and caliber in an order to attempt more efficient training methods. His cousin,
Count John, began to work on making a training doctrine, which included counted movements for the pikes, arquebus, and muskets. The importance of
this training method is that it would enable a commander to ensure that the army trained would be able to improve skills of reloads and master
techniques of actual usage of weapons. The doctrine spread to the countries Germany, France, and England and Count John opened a military academy
based on Maurice's drill, practice, and training methods of arms, armor, maps, and models. As time went on the training became more complex and
eventually Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden was able through constant drill and practice bring training methods to full potential. Reloading techniques
were improved so much that only six ranks of musketeers were needed to maintain a continuous barrage. Firepower from artillery was also perfected
as a result of Nassau's work, and every regiment was capable of firing twenty rounds in an hour. Gustavus also trained his cavalry to charge home with
sword's drawn, rather than to skirmish with pistols. The military revolution brought the changes of improvement in artillery, increasing reliance on
battlefield

Air Defense Artillery And Its Impact On The Korean War
Air Defense Artillery and its Impact on the Korean War The Korean peninsula has had a long history of turmoil, miring the country in wars and
disputes. Due to growing tensions in the region around the mid–1900s, it would soon become necessary for America to step in to assist in resolving
conflict. The Air Defense Artillery (ADA), or the Anti–Aircraft Artillery (AAA) during the Korean War, played a major role in supporting the war
effort during the Korean War. The AAA played an important role leading up to the war, during the war, and the lessons learned from the war assisted in
building the branch for the future.
Field Artillery "The King of Battle" dates back as far as the birth of the United States Army itself. The Battle at Bunker... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Using 3 inch or 105–mm guns fixed to mobile units made AAA one force to not to be messed with during the wars. One of which was when North
Korea attacked South Korea in June 1950.
In my generation, this was not the first occasion when the strong had attacked the weak. Communism was acting in Korea just as Hitler, Mussolini,
and the Japanese had acted ten, fifteen, and twenty years earlier. I felt certain that if South Korea was allowed to fall, Communist leaders would be
emboldened to override nations closer to our own shores. (Truman, 1955)
"The Army Antiaircraft Command was established as a matter of priority to insure necessary joint planning, maximum efficiency and functional
readiness of Army elements that become part of an air defense system for the Continental United States" (Lazar, p. 7). Throughout the Korean War, the
Army Antiaircraft Command, currently known as Air Defense Artillery, had various missions. AAA units attached closely to infantry or armored
divisions for additional ground support and depended completely on radio communications. However, Detachment X–Ray had a different mission to
execute; establish air defense. Thirty–five top–quality troops from 507th AAA rapidly deployed to the Suwon airfield shortly after the Korean War
kicked off. After arriving to their destination, the troops downloaded their equipment with the support of the South Korean soldiers. "Despite the
language

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