flow of fluid types of manometer, fluid statics

1. Mrs. Ankita N Gadge
Assistant Professor
Shram Sadhana Bombay Trust’s Institute Of
Pharmacy Bambhori, Jalgaon

2. Flow of fluid
1. Types of Manometers
2. Raynolds number and its significance
3. Bernoulli's theorem and its application
4. Energy losses
5. Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer

3. IMPORTANT TERMS:
1. P = F / A
2. F = P × A
3. ρ = M / V
4. V = H × A
5. ∆P = Pressure Difference
6. ∆h = Height Difference

4. Fluid:
A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flow)
under an applied shear stress.
Fluids are the subset of phases of the subset of matter and
include liquid and gases.
Fluid Flow:
Fluid flow may be defined as the flow of substance that
do not permanently resist distortion.

5. FLUID FLOW TYPES
1. Fluid Statics-
Deals with the fluid at rest in equilibrium
2. Fluid Dynamics-
Deals with the study of fluids in motion.

6. FLUID STATIC

7. FLUID STATIC

8. The force acting below and above the point 1 are evaluated
-------------------1
Force acting on the
liquid at point 1
Force on the surface
The force exerted by
the liquid above point
1

9. By substituting the Force with Pressure × Area in the above
equation
Pressure at point 1 × Area = Pressure on the surface × Area + ( Mass
× Acceleration)
-------------------2
P1s = P2s + Volume × Density × Acceleration due to gravity

10. P1s = P2s + Height × Area × Density × Acceleration due to
gravity
P1s = P2s + h1s × ρ × g ------------------- 3
P1 = Ps + h1 ρ g -------------------- 4

11. Pressure acting at point 2 may be written as
P2 = Ps + h2 ρ g
Difference in the pressure can be obtained by,
P2-P1= g (Ps + h2ρ) – ( Ps + h1ρ) g
∆P = ( Ps + h2ρ – Ps – h1ρ) g
∆P = ( h2-h1) ρg
For example:
∆P = 5 × 2 × 9.8 m/s²
∆P = 98
∆P = ∆h ρg

12. MANOMETERS
Manometers are the device used for measuring the pressure
difference
Different types of Manometers are there they are;
1. Simple Manometer
2. Differential Manometers
3. Inclined Manometers

13. SIMPLE MANOMETER
(U-TUBE SHAPED GLASS MANOMETER)

14. SIMPLE MANOMETER
∆P = ∆Hρg
The pressure at point 2 can be written as
∆P = P1 + ( m+R)ρBg ---------------1
Since the point 2 and 3 are at same height
The pressure at 3 = P1 (m+R) ρBg ---------------2
Pressure at 4 can be written as
∆P = P2 + gmρB (at left side) -------------3
∆P = P1 + ρB (m+R)g – ρA Rg (at right side) ----------4

15. Both the equation should be equal (3 & 4)
P2 + gmρB = P1 + ρB (m+R)g – ρA Rg
P1-P2 = gm ρB - ρB (m+R)g + ρA Rg
∆P = gm ρB - gm ρB - R ρB g + R ρA g
∆P = R ρA g - R ρB g
∆P = R (ρA - ρB) g
SIMPLE MANOMETER

16. 1. Consumption of gas in chemical reaction
2. To measure flow of fluid in Venturimeter and Orifice
meter
ADVANTAGES OF SIMPLE MANOMETER

17. DIFFERENCIAL MANOMETER

18. ∆P = P1-P2 = R (ρC -ρA) g
DIFFERENCIAL MANOMETER