2. Separation Theorem
According to this theorem, choice of portfolio
involves 2 separate steps:
Determination of optimum risky portfolio
Investor’s decision to form portfolio of risk-free asset
and optimum risky portfolio
3. A risk averse investor would choose a portfolio
that has more investments in risk free asset
A risk seeker would invest higher proportions in
optimum risky portfolio.
4. In a market situation, a large number of investors
holding portfolios consisting of a risk-free security
and multiple risky securities participate.
Rational investors will choose the portfolios along
CML since those portfolios offer highest return for
the same level of risk.
6. Capital Allocation Line is a line which shows the
manner in which capital is allocated
Capital Market Line is tangent to Efficient
Frontier
CML is an efficient set of risk-free and risky
securities and it shows risk-return trade-off in the
market equilibrium
7. Slope of CML
Slope of CML is also known as reward to
variability ratio
Slope of CML describes the best price at a given
level of risk
Slope, = E(Rm ) – Rf
m
8. A portfolio on CML gives 11 % return
m=3.6, Rf =5%,
Calculate Reward to variability ratio or the slope of
CML.
9. Slope of CML = 1.67
Slope of CML shows the equilibrium price of risk
in market.
This means that in the given example market
demands 1.67% return for 1% increase in portfolio
risk
10. CML, thus is important in describing the
equilibrium relationship between expected return
and risk for efficient portfolios that contain no
unsystematic risk.
This give rise to the most important question:
What is appropriate relationship b/w risk and return
for all securities – efficient and inefficient portfolios
14. All fairly priced securities plot exactly on SML
Over valued assets plot below SML and
Under valued assets plot above SML
The difference between actual expected return and
Fair Return is called as Alpha (α)
Alpha (α) = Actual Expected return – Fair Return
15. Difference between CML and SML
CML represents the risk premiums of efficient
portfolios as a function of portfolio standard
deviation
SML represents individual security risk premium
as a function of Security Beta.