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Recombinant protein
expression.
Other alternatives
Elvira Marín – Felipe Clemente
WG1 - Protein expression UCM
La Cristalera – Miraflores – 10/12/12
Unkown proteins cloned
Chromosome 16 ̴ 260 Unkown proteins
Cloned in pANT7_cGST
Dr. Manuel Fuentes
WG1
25 new proteins
Digest with
restriction enzymes Sequencing
Expression (IVTT) and
purification (GST)
Mass spectrometry
(MRM)
Unkown proteins UN-CLONED
Chromosome 16 Unkown proteins
Design primers
Cloned in pANT7_cGST
Gateway cloning system
pDONR221 (recombinase)
Master clone
Unkown proteins uncloned
Expression (IVTT) and
purification (GST)
Mass spectrometry
(MRM)
Digestion and
Sequencing
pANT7_cGST
(recombinase)
Protein expression
Protein expression systems
Yeast
Prokaryotes
Bacteria Mammalian
Eukaryotes
Escherichia coli Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pichia pastoris
CHO, HeLa, BHK
Protein expression systems
SPEED
COST
YIELD
POST-
TRANSLACTION
MODIFICATION
LOW HIGH
Bacteria
Yeast
Yeast
Yeast
Yeast
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria Mammalian
Mammalian
Mammalian
Mammalian
E. coli Yeast Mammalian
Protein expression systems
N.I. I M
Periplasm
Cytoplasm
Extracellular
Advantages
Simple purification
Proteolysis is less extensive
Improved folding (S-S
formation)
Disadvantages
Signal does not always
facilitate export
Inclusion bodies may be
formed
Inclusion bodies:
easy purification
protection from proteases
inactive protein (non-toxic)
Higher protein yield (until
30% Biomass)
Simpler plasmid construct
Inclusion bodies:
protein folding
denaturation/refolding
Less extensive proteolysis
Simple purification
Improved folding
Usually no secretion
Cell lysis
E. coli compartments
Fusion partners to the recombinant protein
Small ubiquitin-
modifier (SUMO)
Glutathione-
S-transferase
(GST)
Thioredoxin
N-utilization
substrate (NusA)
Maltose binding
protein (MBP)
Pichia pastoris vs Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Advantages P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae
Short doubling time
Readily manipulated genome
Improved folding and post-translational modification
Expression of similar genes and compatible vectors
Better yield of recombinant protein (higher cell density)
Methylotrophic yeast (methanol as its only carbon source)
Strongly methanol induced promoters
(alcohol oxidase genes: AOX1 and AOX2)
Optimal growth pH 3.0-7.0
Extremely low levels of endogenous protein secretion
Expression vectors integrated in the genome
Disulfide bond formation and glycosylation modifications
S. cerevisiae
P. pastoris
Expression on mammalian cells
All posttranslational modifications
Highest folding capacity (antibodies…)
Secreted recombinant proteins for an easier
purification rather than intracellular production
Lowest yield
Transfection more complex than plasmid
transformation
Stable or transient transfection (takes
longer to obtain stable transformants)
Advantages
Fastest expression method (days)
Inexpensive bioproduction media and
high density biomass
Simple process scale-up
Well characterized genetics
Limited posttranslational modifications
Unsoluble proteins and not correctly
folded
Protein expression systems summary
Yeast
Bacteria
Mammalian
Disadvantages
Rapid expression method (weeks)
Inexpensive bioproduction media and
high density biomass
Most posttranslational modifications
High folding capacity
N-linked glycan structures different
from mammalian forms
Transient-transfection
Moderate rapid expression method (weeks)
All posttranslational modifications and
high folding capacity
Low density biomass and expensive
bioproduction media
Difficult process scale-up
Stable-transfection
Low density biomass and expensive
bioproduction media
Difficult process scale-up
Longest expression method (months)
All posttranslational modifications and
high folding capacity
Mammalian
Elvira Marín – Felipe Clemente
WG1 - Protein expression UCM
Dra. Concha Gil
Dr. Manuel Fuentes
N.I. I M
E. coli expression systems

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07_WG1.Otras_estrategias_de_expresion.ppt

  • 1. Recombinant protein expression. Other alternatives Elvira Marín – Felipe Clemente WG1 - Protein expression UCM La Cristalera – Miraflores – 10/12/12
  • 2. Unkown proteins cloned Chromosome 16 ̴ 260 Unkown proteins Cloned in pANT7_cGST Dr. Manuel Fuentes WG1 25 new proteins Digest with restriction enzymes Sequencing Expression (IVTT) and purification (GST) Mass spectrometry (MRM)
  • 3. Unkown proteins UN-CLONED Chromosome 16 Unkown proteins Design primers Cloned in pANT7_cGST Gateway cloning system pDONR221 (recombinase) Master clone
  • 4. Unkown proteins uncloned Expression (IVTT) and purification (GST) Mass spectrometry (MRM) Digestion and Sequencing pANT7_cGST (recombinase)
  • 6. Protein expression systems Yeast Prokaryotes Bacteria Mammalian Eukaryotes Escherichia coli Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pichia pastoris CHO, HeLa, BHK
  • 7. Protein expression systems SPEED COST YIELD POST- TRANSLACTION MODIFICATION LOW HIGH Bacteria Yeast Yeast Yeast Yeast Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Mammalian Mammalian Mammalian Mammalian
  • 8. E. coli Yeast Mammalian Protein expression systems N.I. I M
  • 9. Periplasm Cytoplasm Extracellular Advantages Simple purification Proteolysis is less extensive Improved folding (S-S formation) Disadvantages Signal does not always facilitate export Inclusion bodies may be formed Inclusion bodies: easy purification protection from proteases inactive protein (non-toxic) Higher protein yield (until 30% Biomass) Simpler plasmid construct Inclusion bodies: protein folding denaturation/refolding Less extensive proteolysis Simple purification Improved folding Usually no secretion Cell lysis E. coli compartments
  • 10. Fusion partners to the recombinant protein Small ubiquitin- modifier (SUMO) Glutathione- S-transferase (GST) Thioredoxin N-utilization substrate (NusA) Maltose binding protein (MBP)
  • 11. Pichia pastoris vs Saccharomyces cerevisiae Advantages P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae Short doubling time Readily manipulated genome Improved folding and post-translational modification Expression of similar genes and compatible vectors Better yield of recombinant protein (higher cell density) Methylotrophic yeast (methanol as its only carbon source) Strongly methanol induced promoters (alcohol oxidase genes: AOX1 and AOX2) Optimal growth pH 3.0-7.0 Extremely low levels of endogenous protein secretion Expression vectors integrated in the genome Disulfide bond formation and glycosylation modifications S. cerevisiae P. pastoris
  • 12. Expression on mammalian cells All posttranslational modifications Highest folding capacity (antibodies…) Secreted recombinant proteins for an easier purification rather than intracellular production Lowest yield Transfection more complex than plasmid transformation Stable or transient transfection (takes longer to obtain stable transformants)
  • 13. Advantages Fastest expression method (days) Inexpensive bioproduction media and high density biomass Simple process scale-up Well characterized genetics Limited posttranslational modifications Unsoluble proteins and not correctly folded Protein expression systems summary Yeast Bacteria Mammalian Disadvantages Rapid expression method (weeks) Inexpensive bioproduction media and high density biomass Most posttranslational modifications High folding capacity N-linked glycan structures different from mammalian forms Transient-transfection Moderate rapid expression method (weeks) All posttranslational modifications and high folding capacity Low density biomass and expensive bioproduction media Difficult process scale-up Stable-transfection Low density biomass and expensive bioproduction media Difficult process scale-up Longest expression method (months) All posttranslational modifications and high folding capacity Mammalian
  • 14. Elvira Marín – Felipe Clemente WG1 - Protein expression UCM Dra. Concha Gil Dr. Manuel Fuentes
  • 15.
  • 16. N.I. I M E. coli expression systems

Editor's Notes

  1. Para todas aquellas proteínas que después de los ensayos de shotgun no se encuentre y que tampoco estén disponibles en la colección de Manuel Fuentes, habrá que subclonarlas para su estudio, cosa que implica mucho más tiempo y dinero para la obtención de la proteína para continuar con los estudios de MRM.
  2. ¿Compatibilidad entre los vectores?
  3. Células CHO (ovario de hámster chino), HeLa (carcinoma cervical humano), BHK (células de riñón de hámster sirio)
  4. Mammaliam: HeLa, Yeast: Pichia pastoris, Bacteria: E. coli La elección del sistema de expresión viene determinada por los rendimientos que se quieran obtener y la calidad de la proteína expresada. Lo primero que hay que analizar es el número de puentes S-S, la masa de la proteína, las modificaciones post-traduccionales deseadas y el lugar de expresión de la proteína. La expresión en E. coli suele ser la forma más rápida de expresar una proteína, pero se pierden la mayoría de las modificaciones post-traduccionales presentes en las células eucariotas, aunque existen varias herramientas para solventar dichos problemas. La expresión en Pichia o sistemas basados en células de mamíferos permiten un buen plegamiento de las proteínas al tener las modificaciones post-traduccionales aunque son más caros y lentos.
  5. El paso previo a la expresión de una proteína recombinante es el análisis bioinformático de sus propiedades. El destino final de la proteína recombinante también es muy importante a la hora de elegir el sistema de expresión, los requisitos son diferentes en función de si se va a emplear para estudios estructurales, ensayos de actividad in vitro, generación de anticuerpos o estudios in vivo. Se requieren vectores compatibles entre los distintos sistemas de expresión. El ratio de producción de proteína: traducción y plegamiento es 10 veces superior en E. coli con respecto a las células eucariotas cosa que favorece la formación de cuerpos de inclusión de las proteinas eucariotas.
  6. Los cuerpos de inclusión se forman con proteínas eucariotas y en menor medida con procariotas, es dependiente de la sobreexpresión de proteínas. Un cuerpo de inclusión está formado mayoritariamente por una única proteína. - Promotores fuertes o débiles (T7 o T5) (no saturar la maquinaria traduccional bacteriana) Secreción al espacio periplasmico para la formación de puentes disulturo Distintos orígenes de replicación que permiten controlar el número de copias Con proteínas de fusión y cofactores para ayudar al plegamiento de las proteínas recombinantes Múltiples etiquetas, N- o C-terminal, que permiten la identificación y purificación de la proteína El sistema Dsb es el responsable de la formación de los puentes disulfuro y normalmente la secreción al periplasma es via el sp de pelB. E. coli does not support enzyme-mediated N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation, amidation, hydroxylation, myristoylation, palmitation, or sulfation
  7. GST y la MBP además de favorecer el plegamiento de la proteína recombinante, se pueden utilizar como etiquetas para la posterior purificación.
  8. Preference for respiratory growth P. pastoris (S. cerevisiae prefers fermentation) and which allows higher cell densities P. pastoris culture can reach 120 g/l of dry cell weight density. Yeast has the posttranslational capacity to add glycans at both specific asparagine residues (N-linked) and serine/threonine residues (O-linked).
  9. Mammalian cells contain the most superior folding and disulfide bond formation when compared to other expression hosts. The N-linked and O-linked glycan structures formed by mammalian cells are extremely varied and are not only dependent on the protein but also on the mammalian cell type used as the expression host ( Jenkins et al., 1996). Furthermore, the cell culture conditions such as nutrient content, pH, temperature, oxygen levels and ammonia concentration can significantly affect the glycosylation profile (Butler, 2006). Stably transfected CHO few grams per liter
  10. La expresión en E. coli es un sistema rápido de producción de proteína por el corto tiempo de generación que tiene, alrededor de 20 min dependiendo de la cepa en cuestión. La solubilidad de cada proteína es intrínseca a su función, origen y su microambiente celular. ETAPAS: Amplificación por PCR del gen de interés Obtención del vector de clonado Digestión de ambos productos con enzimas de restricción Ligación y transformación en el sistema elegido Selección clonar del organismo con el vector recombinante Cultivo del clon e inducción de la expresión proteica