1. PROCESS
OF
RESEARCH
BY-ANJALI RAI
ROLL NO. 07

2. RESEARCH
Research is the systematic process of
collecting and analysing information
(data) in order to increase our
understanding of the phenomenon with
which we are concerned or interested.

3. Ten Steps in the Management ResearchTen Steps in the Management Research
ProcessProcess
1. Formulating the research Problem
2. Extensive literature
3. Development of working hypothesis
4. Preparing research design
5. Determine sample design
6. Collecting the data
7. Execution of the project
8. Analysis of data
9. Hypothesis testing
10. Generalization and interpretation
11. Preparation of the report

4. FORMULATING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
 Understanding the problem thoroughly.
 Rephrasing the problem into meaningful
terms from analytical point of view.

5. EXTENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY
 Abstracting and indexing journals, published
or unpublished bibliographies.
 One source lead to other.

6. DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING
HYPOTHESIS
 Tentative assumptions made in order to draw
out its consequences.
 Hypothesis guides the researcher by
delimiting the area of research and to keep
him on the right track.
 Thinking of the subject, examination of the
available data and material.

7. Preparing the research design
 Provide for the collection of relevant
evidence with minimal expenditure of effort
time and money.
 Suitable design is one that minimizes bias
and maximizes the reliability of data.

8. Determining sample design
 Definite plan determined before any data is actually
collected for obtaining a sample from a given population.
 Deliberate sampling.
 Simple random sampling.
 Systematic sampling.
 Stratified sampling.
 Quota sampling.
 Cluster sampling.
 Sequential sampling.

9. COLLECTING THE DATA
 By observation.
 Through personal interview.
 Mailing of questionnaires.
 Telephone interviews.
 Through schedules.

10. EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT
 Adequate and dependable data.
 Careful watch for unanticipated factors to
keep the survey as much realistic as
possible.

11. ANALYSIS OF DATA
Establishment of categories and their
application to raw data through coding,
tabulation and then drawing statistical
inferences

12. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
 Accepting or rejecting hypothesis.
 If no hypothesis to start with, generalization
established on the basis of data may be
stated as hypothesis to be tested.

13. GENERALISATION AND
INTERPRETATION
 Generalization refers to build a theory.
 If the researcher had no hypothesis to start
with he might seek to explain his findings on
the basis of some theory-
INTERPRETATION.

14. PREPARATION 0F THE REPORT
 Preliminary pages.
1. Title and date.
2. Acknowledgement.
3. Foreword.
4. Table of contents
 Main text.
1. Introduction.
2. Summary of findings.
3. Main report.
4. Conclusion

15.  End matter
1. Appendices
2. Bibliography

16. THANK YOU