This document describes quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as systematic empirical investigation of observable occurrences using statistical techniques. It lists the key characteristics of quantitative research as using structured instruments, large sample sizes, clearly defined questions, numerical/objective data, and generalizable results. Strengths are listed as large sample sizes, quick data collection, unbiased randomized samples, and replicable results. Weaknesses include not considering social meanings, high costs, lack of specific feedback, and difficulty gathering large samples. The main types of quantitative research designs are described as experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs.

1. Nature of
Inquiry and
Research
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2. LEARNING COMPETENCY
After the lesson, the learners are expected to:
- describe characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds
of quantitative research.
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3. BASED ON YOUR KNOWLEDGE, WRITE THE TERMS
RELATED TO THE WORD AT THE CENTER.
ACTIVITY #1
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4. WHAT IS
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH?
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5. QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IS A
SYSTEMATIC EMPIRICAL
INVESTIGATION OF OCCURRENCES
that is observable using
statistical, mathematical or
computational techniques.
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6. 08
Quantitative research
directs you to focus on
things through statistics
which denotes the
collection and
interpretation of numerical
data gathered through
examining facts and
information about person,
thing, place or events.

7. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS
OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
Data used in Quantitative Research
are gathered using structured
research instruments. This helps in
collecting in-depth and actionable
data based on results.
STRUCTURED RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT:
Quantitative research is conducted on a
significant sample size that represents
the population to assure the reliability of
results. Appropriate sampling methods
are used as well to fortify the objective.
SAMPLE SIZE:

8. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS
OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
The study could be repeated that
gives a high reliability of results.
REPLICABLE:
The researcher has clearly defined
research questions to which objective
answers are sought.
CLEARLY DEFINED
QUESTIONS:

9. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS
OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
Data are in the form of numbers
and statistics that are arranged
in tables, charts and figures or in
other textual forms. This makes it
easy to understand and proves the
validity of the research.
NUMERICAL:
Quantitative research seeks accurate
measurement and analysis of target
concepts.
OBJECTIVE:

10. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS
OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
Results of this research method can be generalized to take appropriate
actions for improvement.
GENERALIZATION OF RESULTS:

11. WHAT ARE THE STRENGTHS
AND WEAKNESSES OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
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12. A. STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
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1. Quantitative Research allows you to reach a higher
sample size. This leads to an easier way to reach an
accurate generalized conclusion. The additional data gives
you greater creditability because it has more depth to
review.

13. A. STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
2. You can collect more information quickly when using
quantitative research. Experiments, surveys and interviews
provide immediate answers that become useful from a
data-centered approach.

14. A. STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
3. Quantitative Research uses randomized samples in
collecting information. This excludes bias from
appearing in most situations. It provides an advantage in
the fact that the data can then get the rest of the
demographic being studied.

15. A. STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
4. Results duplication is possible. Quantitative research
only focuses on the actual data. The work validates itself
because the results always point towards the same data
even though randomized conditions exist.

16. A. STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
5. Quantitative research can focus on facts or a series of
information. Researchers can use a quantitative
approach to focus on a specific fact that they want to
study in a given population.

17. A. STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
6. Quantitative approach does not require direct
observation. The study can be done without the need for
someone. This advantage creates a better response rate
because people have more time and less pressure to
complete the work.

18. B. WEAKNESS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
1. This method does not consider the meaning behind
social phenomenon. It does not care about the motives
that people have when sharing an opinion or making
decisions.

19. B. WEAKNESS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
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2. Quantitative research studies can be very expensive.
The money that could be spent is a significant barrier to
consider in conducting quantitative research.

20. B. WEAKNESS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
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3. There is no access to specific feedback in quantitative
research. The statistics that researchers gather are
useful for generalization but could not produce specific
feedback incidents that allows positive refinement.

21. B. WEAKNESS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
4. Some efforts at randomization will not create usable
information. Quantitative approach doesn’t look for the
reason why variables exist in specific environments.

22. B. WEAKNESS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
12
5. Quantitative research requires a large sample that
makes it difficult to gather data and makes this kind of
research costly.

23. WHAT ARE THE
KINDS OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGNS?
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24. Research design is
considered as the
framework of research.
It is termed as the
“GLUE” that holds each
of the elements of
research as one.
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25. The function of the
research design is to
assure that evidence
obtained enables the
researcher to effectively
address the problem as
unambiguously as
possible.
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27. WHAT IS
EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH?

28. Experimental Research is a
quantitative research dealing with
the object or the subject of a
research in an exact manner and
look into the extent of the effects or
influence of the treatment on the
subject, then discovers the cause of
such effect.
EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH

29. A group or various groups are kept
under observation after
implementing factors of cause and
effect.
A. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH DESIGN:

30. 19
b. True Experimental Research Design:
This type of research design relies on
statistical analysis to prove or disprove a hypothesis,
making it the most accurate type of research.
In a true experiment, there are factors need to be
considered:
1. There is a control group which won’t be subjected to
changes and an experimental group which will experience
the changed variables
2. A variable that could be manipulated by the researcher
3. Random Distribution

31. 04
c. Quasi- Experimental
Research Design:
The word “quasi” indicates similarity. In
this research, an independent variable is
manipulated but the participants of the
group are not randomly assigned.
Quasi-research is used in field settings
where random assignment is either
irrelevant or not required.

32. What is Non-
Experimental
Research
Design?
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33. Non-Experimental research
design is one of the broad
categories of research
designs in which the
researcher observes the
phenomena as they occur
naturally and no external
variables are introduced.

34. A. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
DESIGN
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The purpose of descriptive studies is to observe,
describe and document aspects of a situation as it
naturally occurs and sometimes to serve as a starting
point for hypothesis generation or theory
development.

35. A. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
DESIGN
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It is used in observing, documenting and describing a
phenomenon occurring in a natural setting without
any manipulation or control. It is designed to gain
more information about characteristics within a
particular field in real world.

36. TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH DESIGN
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37. 1. UNIVARIENT DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN- 12
This design is used to describe the
frequency of occurrence of phenomenon.
2. EXPLORATORY DESIGN
This design is used to identify, explore and
describe the existing phenomenon and its
related factors.
3. COMPARATIVE DESIGN
This design involves comparing and contrasting
two or more samples of study subjects on one
or more variables.

38. B. CORRELATIONAL DESIGN 12
In a correlational design, the researcher examines the
relationship between two or more variables in a natural setting
without manipulation of the control.
Types of Correlational Research Design
1. Prospective Research Design- A design that lets the researcher
connect the present to the future. It starts with the cause and
arrives with presumed effects.
2. Retrospective Research Design- A design where the researcher
studies the current situation by seeking facts and figures from the
past.

39. C. DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
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In a developmental research design, the researcher examines
the phenomenon with reference to time. It is generally used as
aide research design with other designs.
Types of Developmental Research Design
1. Cross-sectional Design- In this research design, the researcher
collects data at a particular point of time (one period data
collection).
2. Longitudinal Design- Designed to collect data over an extended
period (long-term study). Its value is in its ability to demonstrate
change over a period of time.

40. D. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
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A study done to investigate the distribution and causes of the
disease in a population. Generally, it is conducted to investigate
causes of different diseases in either prospective approach or
retrospective design.
Types of Epidemiological Research Design
1. Cohort Studies- In this design, a longitudinal approach is used to
investigate the occurrence of a disease in existing presumed
causes.
2. Case-control Studies- In this design, the cause of the disease is
investigated after the occurrence of the disease.