The document discusses teaching and learning methods. It states that teaching is an art that requires expertise in the subject, language skills, and the ability to communicate. Effective teaching methods take into account that learning is individualized and facilitate the learning process. Communication is central to the teaching-learning method as both a means and an end of learning. Selection of an appropriate teaching method is essential to reach educational objectives. The document outlines different teaching methods including lectures, small group teaching, individualized learning, and their advantages and disadvantages. It concludes that there is no single best method and effective teachers combine multiple methods to achieve educational goals.

2.  Is an art
 Require 3 things
› EXPERTISE at the subject
› Grasp of the LANGUAGE
› Skills to COMMUNICATE
› Choose APPROPRIATE teaching aid

4.  Learning is a highly individualized process
depending on several factors
 Efficient learning can therefore be facilitated
 The role of teachers is to facilitate learning

5.  Communication is central to T-L method both
as a means and end of learning
 Learning to teach is as much a process of
learning as learning any other skill
 There are many T-L methods
 Selection of an appropriate teaching learning
method is essential to reach our educational
objective

6.  Too much information
 Too little time
 Too many students
 Exams that discourage real learning

9. • Encourages them to be ACTIVE
• Encourages OPENNESSof mind and trust in self
• Facilates DISCOVERY
• Makes people feel RESPECTED
• Recognises peoples right to MAKE MISTAKES
• Accept DIFFERENCES

10.  Clear and concise
 Easily audible
 Clarify basic principles
 Subject covered properly
 Practical appilcation

11.  GROUP SIZE
 RESOURCES & TIME AVAILABLE
 DOMAIN OF OBJECTIVE
 LEVEL & NATURE OF LEARNING
 COVERAGE OF SUBJECT
 FEEDBACK

12.  TRANSMITTING:Lectures,reading
materials,memory devices
 INSRUCTING:minilecturing,active
learning,collaborative teams
 COACHING:mentorship,demos,role plays
 FACILITATE PBL or project based learning

13.  LARGE GROUP TEACHING
 SMALL GROUP TEACHING(group of 30 or
less)
 INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING

14. LARGE GROUP
TEACHING
INDIVIDUALIZED
LEARNING
SMALL GROUP
TEACHING
LECTURES DIRECTED STUDY OF
TEXTS
GROUP DISCUSSIONS
FILM & VIDEO
PRESENTATIONS
SYMPOSIUM
PANEL DISCUSSION
FLIPPED CLASS
JIGSAW METHOD
PROBLEM BASED
LEARNING
READING
PROJECT WORK
SIMULATION
COUNSELLING
PRACTICAL/BEDSIDE
TEACHING
SEMINARS
TUTORIALS
DEMONSTRATIONS
ROLE PLAY
PROJECT WORK
SIMULATIONS

16. Careful presentation of facts with organized
thoughts and ideas by a qualified person
Strive for 30% /70% split
30% lecture & 70% active discussion

17.  Chalk & board
 White board
 Flip chart
 Transparencies on overhead projector
 Slide projector
 Powerpoint presentation
 Video on LCD panel
 Virtual reality shows

19. ADVANTAGES
• Economical
• Covers the whole topic
• Easy to plan in time
schedule
• Large material can be
imparted
DISADVANTAGES
• Passive way of
learning
• Teacher centric
• Does not cater to
learner needs

22.  Plan the presentation –Rule of 30/70
 Arrange materials in sequence
 Teacher facing the students
 Good illumination
 Ensure clarity
 Emphasize key points
 Summarize
 Feedback

23. Series of talks by experts on many
aspects of a topic under a chairperson

25. ADVANTAGES
• Short speeches and
change of speakers
maintains interest
• Concise presentation
DISADVANTAGES
• Passive audience
• Less opportunity for
speakers to interact
• Formal atmosphere

26. A moderator with a team who hold an
orderly and a logical conversation on a
topic

27. ADVANTAGES
• Informal atmosphere
• Identifies and explores
a problem
DISADVANTAGES
• Skilled moderators
needed

28.  GROUP DISCUSSION
 SEMINAR
 TUTORIAL
 PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
 ROLE PLAY
 SIMULATION

30. Facilitator with a group of 10 -12 well read
students
Presentations made by predetermined
participants
Further active learning occurs during the
discussion

31. ADVANTAGES
• Authoritative guidance
by an expert
• Indepth discussion
• Informal
• Learners are active
participants
DISADVANTAGES
• Difficulty in getting the
resource person
• Not cost effective
• Requires interested
motivated participants

32. Small group of 10 -12 learners are guided by a
teacher to clear doubts and improve the
understanding
GROUP TUTORIAL: Teacher only guides the
group.More informal

34. ADVANTAGES
• Ideal student teacher
ratio
• Active learning
• Opportunity to correct
mistakes
DISADVANTAGES
• Prior preparation by
the student is needed

35.  Face to face interaction between members
of relatively small group
 Group leader may be needed
 It can be a
CONTROLLED GD
BUZZ GROUP
FREE GROUP DISCUSSION
BRAINSTORMING

37. ADVANTAGES
• Democratic
• Learners
preparedness and
active participation
needed
• Synthesis of all T/L
methods(lectures,beds
ide teaching)
DISADVANTAGES
• Student teacher ratio
to be maintained
• Some may find it too
slow or too fast

38.  Learning emanating from a clinically based
problem
 It uses a clinical problem to stimulate discussion
& identify learning issues by the small group
 Facilitates SDL
 Relevance to clinical application is understood
 Knowledge,skill & attitude is learnt

40.  Encourages self learning
 Helps student to fill the gaps in knowledge
 Development of skills like literature search
encouraged
 Development of social skills
• Interaction in small groups
• Increases responsibility to self & others
• Make effective presentation

41.  Time consuming

42.  DEMONSTRATION
 ROLE PLAY
 WORKSHOP
 BED SIDE TEACHING
 STANDARDIZED PATIENTS
 SIMULATORS
 VIRTUAL REALITY

44.  A situation or environment created to
experience a representation of a real event for
practice,learning,evaluation and testing
 Done in a realistic clinical situation
 Patient safety ensured
 Repetitive practice
 Provides feedback

48.  NO SINGLE IDEAL METHOD FOR
TEACHING
 AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER HAS TO
COMBINE ALL THE METHODS TO
ACHIEVE OUR
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE
HAPPY TEACHING

49. Q)Define & Classify & Describe the etiology
and pathophysiology of ANAEMIA.
A)LECTURE

51. Q.2)Enumerate and discuss the parameters of
maternal pelvis.
A)DEMONSTRATION

53. Q.3)Mechanism of NORMAL LABOUR
 LECTURE
 DOAP
 SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION

55. Q.4)Discuss temporary methods of
contraception.
Indications,contraindications & adverse
effects of each.
Selection of patients.
Method of IUD insertion
 LECTURE
 SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION
 DEMONSTRATING ON A MODEL

57. Q.5)23 year old patient presented to the labour
room at 37 weeks of gestation with
unfavourable cervix.Decision for emergency
LSCS taken.
A)ROLE PLAY

59.  VIRTUAL REALITY IN MEDICAL
EDUCATION