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1. INTRODUCTION
TO CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 KSSM
Prepared by:
NURULKAMILAH BINTI KHAIRIR

2. INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
Development of chemistry and its importance in daily life
1.1
Scientific investigation in Chemistry
1.2
Application, management and handling of apparatus and materials
1.3

3. 1.1 Development of chemistry and its
importance in daily life
1.1.1 State the meaning of chemistry
1.1.2 State examples of chemicals commonly used in daily life
1.1.3 Generate ideas on the development of chemistry and the contributions of
chemical technology to mankind
1.1.4 State examples of careers related to chemistry

4. Meaning of Chemistry
Chemistry is a field of science that studies
the structures, properties, compositions &
interactions between matters
Origin of word chemistry:
Al-kimiya (Arabic word)

5. Chemicals in Daily Life
• Antibiotic
• Antiseptic
• Vitamin
• Chemotherapy
• Analgesic
Medicine
• Paint
• Polymer
• Glass
• Ceramic
• Detergent
• Colouring
• Alloy
Industry
• Preservative
• Colouring
• Flavouring
• Antioxidant
• Stabiliser
Food
• Herbicide
• Pesticide
• Fungiside
• Fertiliser
• Hormone
Agriculture

6. Development in Chemistry Field and
Contributions of Chemical Technology
01
03
02
04
Contribution of chemists Development of chemical technology
Careers in the field of chemistry Chemicals in daily life

7. Careers Related to Chemistry
• Doctor
• Pharmacist
Pharmaceutical
• Nanotechnology engineer
• Food scientist
Nanotechnology
• Biotechnology researcher
• Biomedical engineer
Biotechnolgy
• Green technology
chemist
• Engineer
Green Technology
• Cosmetic chemist
• Cosmetic consultant
Cosmetics

9. Test yourself 1.1 (pg. 8)
1. What is meant by chemistry?
Chemistry is one of the science fields that studies the structure,
properties, composition and interactions of matter.
2. List out five types of chemicals used in daily life
Preservative, vitamin, pesticide, paint, detergent (any other
acceptable answers).

10. 3. Give one example of development of chemistry in industries
Technological development in food preservation (any other
acceptable answers).
4. List out at least three careers related to chemistry in th
e following situations:
(a) Searching for an antidote for dengue fever
(b) Producing palm trees with a high content of oil
(a) Researcher, doctor, pharmacist
(b) Biotechnology researcher, farmer, biotechnology engineer
(any other acceptable answers).

11. 1.2 Scientific investigation in chemistry
1.2.1 Design an experiment to test hypothesis
1.2.2 Investigate the effect of temperature on the solubility of salt in water
using a suitable scientific method

13. Scientific Method

15. Experiment 1.1
To study the effect of temperature on solubility of salt in water

16. To study the effect of temperature on the
solubility of salt in water

20. Test yourself 1.2 (pg. 11)
1. What is meant by scientific method?
Scientific method is a systematic method used by scientists and
researchers when solving problems in science.
2. Why is a scientific method important in chemistry?
State your opinion.
Scientific method helps chemists to solve problems through
systematic scientific steps

21. 3. You are given a bucket of ice cubes, a little sugar, a measuring
cylinder and a stopwatch. Plan an experiment to determine
whether sugar increases the melting rate of the ice.
(Student’s suitable answer)
Hypothesis: The addition of sugar will increase the rate of melting of ice
Manipulated variable: Mass of sugar used
Responding variable: Rate of melting of ice
Fixed variable: Surrounding temperature, type of sugar used, mass of ice
Procedure:
1. Weigh 200 g ice and put in a small pail.
2. Put the small pail in a shaded place for 5 minutes.
3. After 5 minutes, use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of water formed
in the pail.
4. Record the reading in a table.
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 by adding 10 g, 30 g and 50 g sugar.

22. 1.3 Usage, Management and Handling of
Apparatus and Materials
1.3.1 Explain the types and functions of self protective equipments and safety in the laboratory
1.3.2 Demonstrate methods of managing and handling apparatus and materials
1.3.3 Communicate about emergency management procedure in laboratory

24. Personal Protective Equipment
Below include an image in each box of appropriate lab dress.
Laboratory coat
Laboratory Shoe
Safety Glasses
Chemical Resistant
Gloves
Face mask

26. Fire Extinguisher Fume Chamber

29. 1
To wash and clean the body when a chemical
accident occurs on parts of the body
2 To extinguish fire in the laboratory
3
To protect the feet from injuries caused by chemical
spills and sharp objects
4
Carry out experiment that release toxic vapours,
cause combustions or produce pungent smells
5
To wash and clean the eye when accidents occur on
parts of the eye
6
To protect the respiratory organs from chemicals
(powder/fumes)
7
To prevent dust/splashes of chemicals from getting
into the eyes
8
To protect the body and clothes against chemical
spills (acid/alkalis/organic solvent
9
To protect hands from injuries, chemicals or
infection
A Laboratory shoes
B Fire extinguisher
C Laboratory coat
D Gloves
E Safety shower
F Fume chamber
G Safety glasses/goggles
H Face mask
I Eyewash station
E
B
A
F
I
H
G
C
D

30. Methods of Managing and Handling Apparatus
and Chemicals
01
03
02
04
http://bit.ly/2MzE6Do
Weighing and heating of solid
http://bit.ly/2pI0scC
Filtration and distillation
http://bit.ly/2MzEMbU
Electrolysis, gas collection and gas
test
http://bit.ly/2W3RLpl
Titration

31. Storage and Disposal of Chemicals

32. Toxic substances and hea
vy metals should be kept
in special labelled containe
rs and kept in a locked
room which is heat free
Reactive metals such as
lithium, sodium and
potassium are stored
in paraffin oil to prevent
reaction with the moisture
in the air.
Reactive substances
Corrosive chemicals
(pH<5 and pH>9) are
Usually stored in specia
l
storage cabinets that ar
e
kept locked.
Substance with pH <5
and pH > 9
Substances that decompo
se easily in the presence
of light, for example
concentrated nitric acid,
hydrogen peroxide solutio
n,
silver nitrate solution, liqui
d bromine and liquid chlor
ine are stored in dark bottl
es.
Substance that
decompose easily
Heavy metals and toxic
substances
Volatile and inflammabl
e
liquids like hydrocarbon
s
and organic
solvents should be stor
ed in shady areas far fr
om
sunlight and heat sourc
e.
Hydrocarbons and
organic solvents
Storage of Chemicals

33. Most are volatile and
Inflammable
Kept in special
containers made of
glass or plastic
Low conc. – sink
High conc. – dilute with
water and added with
sodium sulphite  sink
Hydrogen peroxide
Strong acids and alkalis
– kept in closed labelled
containers
Stored in closed
containers and kept
away from sun and heat
Volatile substances
Disposal of Chemicals
Eg. glass, rubber –
disposed into special
container
Solid wastes
Kept in plastic bags and
left to evaporate in the
fume chamber. Then
the bag is tied and put
into a container. Then it
is discarded according
to standard procedure
Heavy metals and
toxic substances
Organic solvents and
hydrocarbon
Substance with pH <5
and pH > 9

34. Emergency Management Procedure in the
Laboratory
1
5
Inform your teacher or the laboratory
assistant about the accident
immediately
Clean the chemical spill
Prohibit other students from entering the
accident site Dispose of the chemical spill by
following the correct procedure
1 2 3 4 5
2
3
4
Stop the spill from spreading to other
areas b using sand to border it

35. Mercury Spill

36. Steps to be taken the moment mercury
spills occurs
Inform your teacher or the laboratory assistant about the accident
Make the spill site as the prohibited area
Sprinkle sulphur powder to cover up the
spill
Contact the Fire and Rescue Department for further action

38. Test yourself 1.3 (pg. 18)
1. List out three safety steps while in the laboratory
– Do not play in the laboratory
– Wear protective equipment when carrying out experiments
– Do not bring food or drinks into the laboratory.
(any other acceptable answers).

39. 2. Give the functions of the following equipment:
(a) Fume chamber, (b) Safety shower, (c) Laboratory coat
(a) A specially designed equipment to carry out experiments that
release fumes that are toxic, flammable or pungent.
(b) Used to wash and clean the body when accidents occur to the
body. This equipment is also used to put out fire that occurs o
n the body
(c) Used to protect the body and clothes from spillage of chemica
ls such as acid, alkali and organic solvent.

40. 3. How would you manage solid wastes such has glass and
rubber in the laboratory?
Solid residue such as glass and rubber must be thrown in special
containers
4. Explain how would you test the presence of oxygen and
hydrogen gases
Oxygen gas – put a glowing wooden splinter into the test tube;
the glowing wooden splinter is rekindled.
Hydrogen gas – put a lighted wooden splinter at the mouth of
the test tube; a ‘pop’ sound is heard.

41. 5. Explain how you can get the most accurate reading in
titration
Repeat the titration until the difference of two volume values does
not exceed 0.05 cm3

42. Achievement Test 1
Page 20 - 21

43. Thank you
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