Chemical laboratory safety.pdf

Firstly,
we will take a quick
tour in the lab
Chemical Laboratory Safety
what do you think
the main
constituents must
be in the lab to be
safe?

It is the application of the best practices for dealing with chemicals
and minimizing the hazard to personal health and the surrounding
environment.
Chemical laboratory safety

How to be safe in lab
Laboratory
design
Personal protective
equipment
Laboratory
hazards
Emergency
procedures
Behavior
in the lab

Must sure the facilities meet the needs of the functions of the laboratory are
there.
Doors
Laboratory
benches
Ventilation
system
Lighting
Floor drains
Safety
Equipment
Spill control
materials
Laboratory
Laboratory design

Doors
Laboratory design
 Presence entry and
exit to laboratory
Laboratory
benches
 Must have a sink
 Water supply
 Shape of benches (u shape)
Ventilation
system
 Windows
 Fans
 Fume hoods
 Biological
safety cabinet

Lighting
Laboratory design
 On the level of lab and on the
level of bench
Floor drains
 Near the units
 Floor is sloped to the drain
(avoid slip hazards)

Spill control
materials
 Spill kits
 Sand
Laboratory design
Safety
Equipment
 Eyewash units
 Fire blanket
 Fire extinguishers

Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
The parts of the body most frequently subject to injury in the
clinical laboratory are the eyes, skin, and respiratory and
digestive tracts. Hence, the use of personal protective
equipment is very important.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal Protective
Equipment
Lab coat
Gloves
Eye goggles
Dust mask
Respirator

Shoes should be made of nonporous material with
closed toes and heels

Contact lenses should be discouraged

Goggles or face shields are recommended if contact
lenses are worn.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
All contaminated PPE must be removed and properly
disposed of before leaving the laboratory.
N.B.:

How to remove gloves
( without contamination yourself)
Beaking method of doffing gloves

No food or drink allowed in the
laboratory

Always follow lab procedures exactly and
never do an unauthorized experiment

You Should Never…
practical jokes

Keep your working area in lab clean

Laboratory hazards
What do you think the most dangerous thing in
any laboratory is?
If you don’t know how to use chemicals or don’t
know what they are for

Laboratory hazards
Chemical hazard
Fire hazard
Sharp objects hazard
Electrical hazard
Physical hazard
Heating hazard

Hazard Signs and labelling
Chemical hazards

Chemical hazard symbols and definitions
Flammable – Any substance that will burn if
exposed to an open flame.
 Alpha naphthol
 Ethanol
 Acetaldehyde
 Acetone
Examples:

Explosive: A substance that may explode if exposed
to heat or flame.
 Nitrates
 Picric acid
Examples:

Toxic/Poison: A substance that can lead to death if
inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by the skin.
 Calcium cyanide
 Lead arsenate
 Hydrogen peroxide
Examples:

Corrosive: A substance that can destroy or burn
living tissue and can eat away at other materials.
 Alkali as Sodium hydroxide
 Acids as Sulfuric acid , Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid
 Hydrogen peroxide (concentrated)
 Ammonia
 Calcium oxide
Examples:

Irritant: A substance that causes inflammation upon
contact with skin or mucous membranes.
 Ammonium sulphate
 Copper acetate
Examples:

Carcinogenic: are materials that can cause cancer
in humans or animals.
 Asbestos
 Benzene
 Aflatoxins
 Carbon tetrachloride
Examples:

Biohazard: biological substances that pose a threat
to the health of living organisms, primarily that of
humans.
 Human blood and blood products
 Human body fluids
 Microbiological wastes
 Any containers contaminated with them
Examples:

Environmental Hazard: A substance, state or event
which has the potential to threaten the surrounding
natural environment and / or adversely affect people's
health.
 All chemicals

Radioactive: A substance that produces dangerous
kinds of radiation
 Radioactive isotopes of any chemical
Examples:

 All chemical containers should be clearly labelled.
 Appropriate signs to identify hazards are critical.
Labels and Signage
 Areas where flammables, hazardous or toxic chemicals, and
carcinogens are stored or being used must be clearly marked.
 Areas where blood and body fluids are being stored or
analyzed should be clearly marked with a biohazard mark.

National Fire Protection Association hazard identification
System

National Fire Protection Association hazard identification System

Ideal dealing with chemicals
Material Safety Data Sheet

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
 The MSDS is a major source of safety information for
students who may use hazardous materials in laboratory
experiments.
 MSDS is obtained from the chemical manufacturer or
developing an MSDS for each hazardous agent used in the
workplace.

Material Safety Data Sheet (16 Sections)
A standardized format contains the following:
 Product name and identification
 Hazardous ingredients
 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
 Physical and chemical data
 Health hazard data and carcinogenic potential
 Primary routes of entry
 Fire and exposure hazards
 Reactivity data
 Spill and disposal procedures
 Personal protective equipment recommendations
 Handling and Storage

Material Safety Data Sheet
 Emergency and first aid procedures
 Transportation precautions
 Chemical manufacturer’s name, address, and phone number
 Special information section

Chemical Safety Rules
 Read all labels twice before removing a chemical from the
container.
 Only use the type and amount of chemical instructed to use.
 Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless instructed by the
procedure.
 Never mix chemicals unless instructed to do.

 Transfer chemicals carefully!
 When diluting an acid, pour the acid into water.
 Consider all chemicals dangerous.
Chemical Safety Rules

Chemical wastes disposal
Chemical Safety

Chemical wastes disposal
 Other treatments that you can carry out as metal precipitations
and safe reductions of strong oxidizers.
Treat Chemicals before disposal in sewer system
 Acids and bases should be neutralized .

Sharp Objects Hazard
 Never try to catch broken instruments.
 Grasp sharp instruments only by the handles.
 Disposal from broken glass in its specific basket.

Electrical Hazard
 Keep all electrical cords, wires, and appliances away from
water.

Physical hazard
 Handle all equipment carefully
 Do not place your personal bag on lab desk
 Do not place any object on the floor

Heating hazard
 Never point the end of a test tube being heated at yourself or
others.

Heating hazard
 Never heat in a closed container.
 Heated glass must use tongs or gloves before handling.

 Do not place hot glassware directly in cold water.
 Never look into a container as you are heating it.
Heating Hazard

Know how to deal with concentrated acid and base spill:
Skin Eye
 If a chemical spills on
your skin, rinse with
water for 15 minutes.
 Apply local anti-inflammatory
drug at the site of injury.
 In case of chemical
goes into your eyes ,
use eye wash station.
First aid

Know how to deal with concentrated acid and base spill:
Floor Bench
 Using Laboratory Spills Kit
(contain sorbent materials)
 Using dry sand
1. Dilute first with water
2.Neutralize with:
Boric acid: for bases
Sodium bicarbonate: for acids
3. Use absorbent material
4.Dispose from absorbent
material
5. Clean with soap and water

1.If someone faints , position the person on his or her back.
2.If the person is breathing, restore blood flow to the brain by
raising the person's legs above heart level about 12 inches (30
centimeters).
3. If possible, loosen belts, collars or other constrictive clothing
(To reduce the chance of fainting again).
4.If the person regain his consciousness ,don't get the person up
too quickly.
Fainting : first aid

5.If the person doesn't regain consciousness within one minute,
call your local emergency number.
Fainting : first aid

Chemical laboratory safety.pdf

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