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Hellenistic Statue Analysis
A piece of art history from the Hellenistic Greek period now sits on its ship like throne in the stairwell of the Louvre Museum in Paris. "Victory
lands on a ship's prow to crown a naval victory. Her wings still beat, and the wind sweeps her drapery. The statues's placement of splashing water
heightened the dramatic visual effect. (Kleiner)" The perfect description for the beauty and grace this statue holds. Most of the statues during the
Hellenistic time period interacted with the environment and appeared as living, breathing, and almost entirely humanistic (Kleiner). From the origin
of this piece of work to the creation of it, this piece of art was meant to last a life time. This paper will be analyzing and discussing the discovery and
the details in the statue to help better understand the beauty that it has held and will forever hold.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The statue was found on the Island of Samothrace in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, in the Provenance area north of the Aegean. "The colossal
work was placed in a rock niche that had been dug into a hill; it overlooked the theater of the Sanctuary of the Great Gods. This niche may also have
contained a pool filled with water in which the ship appeared to float. (Marie–BГ©nГ©dicte)" This extraordinary piece of art was discovered by
Charles Champoiseau in 1863. "He was a keen amateur archaeologist, and hoped to find some attractive relics for the imperial museum in Paris.
(Hamiaux)" But the statue did not always look like it dies today. There was a restoration done on it in the 1880's to try and recreate what it would
have looked like in it's former glory
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The History of the Greeks: Hellenic and Hellenistic
The History of the Greeks: Hellenic and Hellenistic The Hellenic Age and the Hellenistic Age are the two main periods in Greek history. The
Hellenic Age is significantly different from the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenic period saw the rising and falling of the polis while Hellenistic period
was plagued by warfare among the remaining dynasties. Despite the differences between the Hellenic and Hellenistic periods, the one thing that
remained consistent in both periods was the Greeks' ability to not only advance science and philosophy but to strive for excellence in everything that
they undertook including their ability to deemphasize the role of the gods in their lives. The first period that shaped Greek history was the Hellenic
(c.750–323... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the Spartans were trained to be warriors and only warriors, the citizens of Athens were vastly different. Athens was the largest polis in Greece.
Its population was over five times as great as the other small city–states. Athens stood out from Sparta as well as the other city–states not only because
of its immense population but also because it was the commercial leader of Greece and was home to a great navy. The Athenians valued their political
freedom and free thought. Like the Spartans they too wanted to protect their state but unlike the Spartans, the Athenians strove for excellence not only
in being warriors but also in their everyday lives. Since the Spartans were only concerned with being great warriors, the Athenians became the cultural
center of Greece during the Hellenic period. Athens original government was a monarchy ruled by one king, however, the king's influence began to
diminish with the changing times and soon Athens was under the rule of an oligarchy. The oligarchy consisted of wealthy aristocrats who "...gradually
became very wealthy, particularly off of the cash crops of wine and olive oil, both of which require great wealth to get started. As their wealth
increased, the nobles slowly stripped the king of power until Athenian government imperceptibly became an oligarchy." (Hooker) As the aristocrats
grew in power and wealth, they asserted their dominance over the peasants and lower class citizens. The wealthy
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Hellenistic Culture Essay
Hellenistic Culture The time between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman civilization is defined as the Hellenistic period. After the
great expansion of Greece, the empire was split into smaller kingdoms. Many battles were fought before establishing the kingdoms. However, they
lasted fairly long until they were conquered by the Romans. Hellenistic culture emphasized the importance of the individual. This brought on the
growth of art, literature, and philosophers. Along with this, libraries were also formed. Greece began to have a more centralized power. Rather than
having segregated, democratic city–states or Alexander's empire, they developed different types of kingdoms. Agriculture also experienced major
improvements,
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Hellenistic Influence On Greek Culture
The Hellenistic Age was the period of Greek Culture between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to when the Roman Empire absorbed
Greece and other parts of the Greek world around 31 BC or 27 BC. Before Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire, there was little
influence of Greek culture outside of the Greek world. After his conquest, aspects of the Greek culture was found in Egypt, Asia as well as the
Middle East. "The Hellenistic world incorporated a number of different people, Greek thinking, mores, and way of life dominated the public affairs of
the time." (Ancient Greece.org–History of Greece: Hellenistic) This in turn established the Greek language as the official language of the Hellenistic
World due to the reason that all aspects of daily life including art and literature incorporated a Greek style. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Alexander hoped the genius of Hellenism would be perpetuated here, a metropolis of culture to benefit the entire world." (City of the western mind)
After the death of Alexander, his "Hellenistic empire" was fought over by his generals because Alexander left no obvious heir to his empire. This
empire was divided up into three Kingdoms after they finished fighting with each other as well as mutual enemies, but that discord continued on
through a few hundred years. "Egypt and parts of the Middle East came under the rule of Ptolemy, Seleucus controlled Syria and the remnants of the
Persian Empire, while Macedonia, Thrace, and parts of northern Asia Minor came under the hegemony of Antigonus and his son Demetrius." (Ancient
Greece.org–History of Greece: Hellenistic) Alexandria, Egypt was the most influential out of all the cities in the Hellenistic period due to the reason
that it was the center of trade and culture under Ptolemy. This is due to the Library of Alexandria where scholars all over the world studied and
created knowledge that lasted for
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Art And Emotional Realism In The Hellenistic Era
The Hellenistic Era was a time of drastic evolution and change amongst the Classical Greek Era. Alexander the Great made many conquests throughout
Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean, which created a fusion of multi–ethnic cultures, resulting in the Hellenistic Era. This era turned the corner on the
Classical Era's concept of religion, art, and science. The influences of Egyptian, Persian, and Mediterranean cultures in the Hellenistic era exposed the
Greeks to unfamiliar ideas, resulting in a rise private worship, individualized art, and concrete scientific facts. First, between the eras art transformed
from perfectionism in the Classical Era to a more emotional realism in the Hellenistic Era. In the beginning, most statues were carved of stone.
However, bronze and marble was later introduced into the world of sculpting which grew in popularity amongst artists. Next, a prime example of the
influence of perfectionism during the Classical Era were sculptures mainly composed of Gods and Goddesses. Hellenistic sculptures, on the other hand,
focused on ways to show fluidity that complemented how the body moved. Although each era exhibited different artistic styles, both eras shared a
common focus on human anatomy. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Aristotle who was philosophy based scientist, "produced a system of deductive reasoning for both universal and existential statements,
and theorized on the cosmos, life, matter and mind, and the 'good life.'" (cite this) On the other hand, Eratosthenes of Cyrene created many inventions
including the water pump, death ray, and the claw as well as calculating the circumference of the Earth. In 200 BCE Eratosthenes, with miraculous
accuracy, calculated the circumference of Earth by using lengths of shadows throughout locations in Egypt clearly this illustrates the shift to utilizing
concrete facts in science. (cite this,
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Greek And Hellenistic Influence
This man was grandson of the painter, cayo pictor Fabio. He is one of the few Roman historians and historians. Being the 1st representative of the
old analytics. Intervened in the Gallic War dated in 225 BC. It was also after the Roman victory in Cannas dated in 216 BC, Roman ambassador in
the oracle of Delphi. Being a mission of great political conflict, this happened because he, acting in favor of the Greeks in the battle against Carthage.
His work as a historian meets the Greek or Hellenistic tradition of the history of the polis, which he wrote in Greek. Leaving very little information of
this work, although it consists of seven books. We know that the first, it is about the foundation of the city around 748 BC, thus resorting to the Trojan
hero Aeneas, in order to unite Greece with Rome as destinations. On the other hand, books II, III and IV; Ranging from the foundation of the city until
the 3rd century. And the rest of the books (V, VI and VII); They dealt with contemporary facts.
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Characterizing this literary work as a literary and political objective that gave way to the establishment of the bases of the senatorial historiography,
where resorted to the tradition of the pontifical analyst with a high artistic level. It is believed that this work was later translated into Latin. As a
continuation of what had previously been said to Fabio PictГіr: We do not know exactly what they contained or at what date they were published, we
only know what Cato left us as
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Hellenistic Period Timeline
The timeline above gives detail about certain events that occurred in Greece during this time period. It starts out talking about the dark age. The
Dark Age was a time that did not have any kings or tax collectors. The streets were trashed and buildings were destroyed. After the rebuilding was the
Classical Period that had many cultural advances. The cultural advances included Philosophy, Literature, and Art. This period was followed by the
Hellenistic Period. The Hellenistic Period was when Alexander the Great came to rule. He built an empire all the way from India to Greece. This
period ended when Roman troops invaded and conquered many territories. Periods and Eras were not the only thing covered in the timeline. There
were many wars that
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Summary: The Hellenistic Period
The Hellenistic Period's Modern Benefits
When Alexander the Great died, and left his huge empire to his successors, he also left much change in his wake. Alexander the Great(356– 323 B.C.),
a conqueror of much of the known world in his time, left a powerful influence when he died. He started the Hellenistic Period, the era of Greek
culture. His fallen empire reigned on in the form of kingdoms, each practicing the Greek way of life. His tremendous imprint in the East still affects us
all today. The Hellenistic Period has positively benefitted modern society by bringing ideas together from the East and West that very much changed
the way people thought and acted, and by bringing more positive views on democracy, democratic–republics and the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
City–states were created after Alexander's empire fell, spelling the first waves of a democratic–republic to spawn(Simonin). These city–states
centralized power while giving the community a chance to take part in the government itself, allowing for people to realize the importance of a
democracy and the involvement of the community as a whole, which people enjoyed so much that the thought was recorded in the library of Alexandria
, and was later used by the Romans. Alexander's love of the Greek culture allowed its power to grow as well, "Their language and culture spread far
beyond the Greek homelands, and their influence lasted for centuries"(Burgan 13). Here is shown the power the Greek culture truly held over people.
Most empires end being forgotten, only leaving tales to tell in the ground, but people enjoyed so
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The Classical And Hellenistic Period
Greek sculpture is known for its beauty and attention to detail. Two of the most prominent eras in Greek sculpture are the Classical and Hellenistic
periods. The Classical period took place from 500–323 BC. It is the period between Persian wars and ends with the death of Alexander the Great
(History). Classical sculptures are known for being less detailed more stagnant. The Hellenistic period begins when the Classical period ends, in 323
BC. This period ends in 31 BC "with the conquest of the last Hellenistic kingdom by Rome" (Simonin). Hellenistic sculptures are known for being
more realistic and active. Both periods of sculpture focused heavily on human anatomy, they just differed in their approaches to illustrate the human
body. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Zeus gave Dionysus to Hermes to protect the baby from Zeus' wife, who was jealous" because Zeus was unfaithful to his wife Hera with
Dionysus's mother, Semele (Bergman). Hermes, the messenger of the Greek gods, is sculpted leaning against what appears to be a tree covered
in draping. His right arm, that is broken, reaches upwards as if he is holding something. His left arm, holds a small child, Dionysus, who reaches
towards something that Hermes may have been holding. Dionysus is the god of wine and fertility. The tree trunk alludes to symbolism of
Dionysus as he is also the god of "things that grow by leaps and bounds suddenly in spring" (Csapo 258). Dionysus was also known for the chaos
and parties that would erupt around him. Hermes appears to be looking at Dionysus. They are both sculpted nude as many sculptures of this time
were. Hermes's body language suggests that he is very relaxed. The sculpture also appears to be unfinished and features some "rasp and chisel
marks [that] reveal a partial reworking of the back", as well as, "Traces of red paint may indicate that Hermes' hair, lips, and sandals were gilded
originally" (Wilcox Classical Museum). The statue of Hermes and Dionysus laid a foundation for sculpture of the later eras. Hellenistic sculpture
became more varied in subject matter and style. This period of time was "characterized by a strong sense of history" (Hemingway). This era is known
for its innovation, expansion
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Similarities and Differences between the Hellenic and...
There are two main periods in Greece history, Hellenic and Hellenistic period. They have some similarities but they are significantly different. Many
people believe that the Classical era is the most impressive due to the success in literature, science, philosophy and architecture, which does not mean
that the Ancient Greece is less significant. While in Hellenic era they saw rising and falling of the polis in Hellenistic era it was more about war and
fighting for among the prevailing dynasties. The thing that they have in common is that they were consistent in discovering new philosophies and
science also decreasing the role of gods.
Culture
As we know the first period was Hellenic period which is most known for their polis, each polis had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the era before Classical Greece Sparta and Athena had different paths because Sparta had two kings and an oligarchic government, while
Athens had instituted democracy. Sparta treated men to be warriors and women could have their own properties, while in Athena men were trained to
be public speakers and women had only several rights. Despite the differences they joined to a war against Persia, and after that there was a
Peloponnesian war between the two poleis, where Athena lost, at the end, Sparta, Athena and Thebes each took turn on the dominant Greek power. One
interesting fact is also that the buildings that they built had a political purpose also to celebrate civil power and pride.
The time of Hellenistic period is marked in two ways, when Alexander and his father lived and when Alexander died. King Phillip developed amazing
military skills and found the resources to pay the troops. Some states did not want to self–defend and he found allies who wanted a new unity so after
the final battle Macedon ruled the Greece. After his death, Alexander came and expanded the empire and promoted Hellenistic culture, so we can
safely say that the Hellenistic politics is centered on military
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What Is The Difference Between Classical And Hellenistic Art
When we look back at these two different periods of art sculpture we can see the great difference between the two stylistic choices of art. Behind
each hunk of stone reads perfect anatomy and certain expressions. One features a more dazed stone face and one gives life for more emotion made
within the stone. The Classical Period and Hellenistic period also look somewhat similar from a glance are very different in feeling and meaning. The
Classical Period started around the 5th century BC. This period is where artists attempt to capture the human body realistically and create realistic
poses. The most popular subjects were athletic males who are at their peak of their own fitness. It was not until about 350 BC that there were statues
featuring the female body. One very noteworthy statue of the Classical Period was called "Aphrodite of Knidos". The originalsculpture inspired various
amounts of copies, but sadly the original itself did not survive. "Aphrodite of Knidos" was created by Praxitele and is thought to be the most
famous sculptures of Classical Greece. The sculpture depicts Aphrodite just have taken off her clothes and was about to step into the bath. She may
have had an onlooker and she covered her pelvis from their view. The Classical Period statues were designed to be a bit more casual, depicting one
leg being stretched forward as the other supports the body and the head tilted to the side. If you look closer at most of the Classical statues you can see
the
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ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION
IN WHAT WAYS WERE THE ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION?
The Hellenistic civilization marked an important time in Greek culture. This was the period between 323 and 31 BC, at one point the Greek society
changed from being withdrawn and localized to an aggressive multinational, unprotected, and eager culture that infused together southwest Asia and
eastern Mediterranean. The Hellenistic world involved many different people but the Greeks' thinking and way of life influenced most of the matters.1
Every aspect related to culture followed the beliefs of the Greeks and this led to the Greek language becoming established, as the official language of
this area. The following arguments are centralized around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the law did not allow women to hold office, but the men who held offices were allowed to seek counsel of their wives and this could only
be done in private. Conversely, equality of men and women was more in the Roman society than it had been in the Greek culture.
Professor Roy Mathews and Dewitt Platt centralized their arguments around political humanities of the western world, and around the period for the
Hellenistic civilization. This is when the institutions and culture of other nations interacted with the Greek's in order to create a multicultural and
varied civilization. From their definition, this would seem to suggest that Rome should not be counted as Hellenistic civilization because of the
controversial time lines. Nonetheless, Rome was situated in the ideal geographical location, which naturally created a varied and multicultural
civilization due to its expansion and methods of conquering people. This explanation indicates that Rome was an heir to Hellenistic civilization even
though it does not fit according to the definition given by Professor Mathews and Platt. Professor Noble, on the other hand, explains how the fall of the
Roman Empire led to the rising of three great civilizations of, the Byzantine Empire, medieval Europe, and the Islamic caliphate.8 Professor Noble
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The Differences Between Hellenic Or Classical Ages And The...
This paperwork examines how the differences amongst the Hellenic along with the Hellenistic ages might appear in the artistic r cultural production of
every era. The ideas presented in this article bases its focus on the Ancient period such as Ancient Greeks. Besides, the report also focuses on studying
the impact that Hellenic had on other times like the medieval period, the Renaissance, together with modern times in appearing in the cultural
production of each era. The presentation has the principal objective of examining the differences between the Hellenic or classical ages and the
Hellenistic ages (Cicarma, 2014). This paperwork focuses on how the differences in these two generations influence daily lives of people in the society.
Besides, the illustrations on this article examine how the differences between the ages reflected in the literature, art, art philosophy of the two periods.
The paper shows how the shift from Hellenic together Hellenistic era represents the changes from the civilization dominated by ethnic Greeks. It,
however, illustrates that scattered geographically to the culture are disseminated by natives and speakers of Greek of whatever ethnicity and from the
dominance of political issues in the city–state to that of larger monarchies (Holladay, 2011). This presentation remains constrained in degree to Ancient
culture between 510 BCE and 323 BCE, a period that alludes to as Classical Greece.
Introduction
Hellenic continues to refer to the individuals
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The Figures Of The Human Figure In Hellenistic Art
The human figure is something that artists have portrayed in sculpture for thousands of years. Each culture and time period had different reasons
behind the way they chose to depict humans. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs were shown as idealized and emotionless, like gods. Yet in Hellenistic art,
people were depicted in dramatic scenes that showed them as very human and emotional. The way humans have been depicted through sculpture and
the reasons behind these canons have evolved and changed over time.
The earliest examples of the human form in sculpture can be found in the paleolithic era. While in the Paleolithic era humans were rarely depicted in
paintings, they were commonly depicted through sculpture in small figurines. The majority of these figures were female, with very few males, and
over two–hundred have been classified as "Venus figurines." These figures were almost always made with exaggerated breasts, stomach, and hips,
which is unlikely to be how women looked during this time. The proportions were symbolic and not meant to represent a real woman. This is
shown in the piece "Venus of Willendorf," a Paleolithic era sculpture. This figure is fairly small at only four inches high, and it is unable to stand up
on its own (see fig. 1). Like most sculptures around this time period, it was made to be easily carried as the paleolithic people were nomadic
(Zygmont). Oddly, she has no carving on her face to indicate her facial features, such as eyes, a nose, or a mouth, while
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How Did Alexander The Great Affect The Age Of The...
Imagine a world without splendorous leisure activities. The people of the Hellenistic Age most certainly couldn't! The creation of their extravagant
culture that focused on the enjoyment of life and the understanding of human emotion is owed to Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia and his
decision to mix his native Greek culture with the cultures of the new lands he now owned in his vast empire. This extremely intriguing age, which
lasted for about 300 years, was responsible for many of the ideas that are still upheld in today's culture, and the people of this time established many
important artistic and philosophical ideals that have lasted for thousands of years. The Hellenistic Age began after the death of Alexander the Great
in 323 BCE (atg timeline). His conquest of Persia after the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BCE technically spurred Hellenism, or the spreading of Greek
culture (adtp). Alexander the Great's empire of over seventy cities spread all the way from the west of the Mediterranean to the east of Persia, and
became a hotbed for the mixing of cultures (thought co). People within this territory assimilated the Greek language, which then allowed for the spread
of other parts of Greek culture, like arts, philosophy, and literature (world of atg). After conquering Persia, Alexander the Great began to introduce
aspects of Greek culture through his new empire in many different ways. He encouraged his soldiers to marry with Persian women in order to
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Power And Pathos : Bronze Sculpture Of The Hellenistic World
Power and Pathos: Bronze Sculpture of the Hellenistic World Amid the Hellenistic period from the passing of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. until the
foundation of the Roman Empire in 31 B.C., the medium of bronze drove imaginative advancement. Sculptors moved past Classical norms,
supplementing accustomed subjects and romanticized frames with reasonable renderings of physical and passionate states. To achieve this, using the
discovery of bronze for art, they start to create pieces of art composed bronze and other alloys. Bronze–surpassing marble with its rigidity, intelligent
impacts, and capacity to hold fine detail–was utilized for element organizations, stunning showcases of the naked body, and realistic articulations of age
and character. Cast from combinations of copper, tin, lead, and different components, bronze statues were delivered by presenting honorific
representations of rulers and natives populated city squares, and pictures of divine beings, legends, and mortals swarmed havens. The Seated Boxer and
the Statue of an Athlete are two sculptures that encompass the complete aspects of the figures through representation and materiality.
Made in the Hellenistic period, when an affection for authenticity made a capable development on prior Classical optimism, the boxer is incredibly
sensible. The statue depicts a boxer situated with his arms laying on his knees, his head swung to one side and somewhat raised with mouth open. The
figure is stripped aside from his
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The Hellenistic Age
Hellenistic age–32 BCE The greek people are so unaware of what is about to happen and it truly heartbreaking that this is is the twilight of the hole
greek civilization. Nevertheless this period is so fascinating and interesting this is the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic age begun after the death of
Alexander the grate. Like I said earlier he left no new successor so this caused in fighting and the empire was divided up against the wars generals
they .There were three empires would form there would dynasts from Alexander's empire; there was Antigonids in Macedonia and Greece, the
Seleucids in Perissa and the ptolemies in Egypt. The people did not go back to their way of life because they were ruled by greeks and macedonians,
so the local... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was hard on the Greek people more than the other people of the empires.They had be fixed in their religious beliefs for centuries that they
never thought that they might be wrong. When all of these ideas poured into greece, it conflicted they're rugged religious beliefs is caused
pandamonium however the rulers of the three empires were able to calm them people down and things were stable again. Out of all of the the
places of the empires I thinks that the most important place must be Alexandria in egypt and there grate library. There library reminds me so much
of the philosophers school in athens. There is so much new ideas and plans of inventions could change the world! I thinks there could be more than
50,000 scrolls People like archimedes who made great inventions like the archimedes screw which help people get more water. Or Eratosthenes how
arcuately found the world's crumufances. He did this by telling a friend to go 500 miles into africa and plant a post next to a well where the the sun
fits perfectly into the well. While his friend did that he planted one in Alexandria. When his friend returned he'd said there was no shadow while at his
however there was a shadow at Eratosthenes the only way could happen Eratosthenes thought
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Hellenistic Religion
Emerging from the depths, Christianity began as a small sect contained within Judaism, but throughout the next 300 years the small sect grew to be the
religion of the Roman Empire. Surviving a turbulent political climate, Christianity took root and could not be eradicated. Many things influenced
Christianity, such as: Hellenistic thought, conflict with Judaism, and trying to stay relevant within the Rome Empire. ThoughChristianity began as a
small sect, absorbing certain aspects of culture allowed Christianity to grow and become one of the most influential voices in the Empire. Early
Christianity began with core Jewish beliefs at its epicenter. The disciples believed in "the one God who had revealed himself in the Hebrew Scriptures,
this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Constantine's mother, Helena, was a Christian. Still influenced by pagan culture, Constantine worshipped the sun god. However, in 312, Constantine
went to battle for the right to his father's throne and something happened that would change the course of Christianity forever. Before entering into
battle, Constantine was resting and was taken up into a dream in which Jesus Christ appeared in a bright light and announced that by this symbol he
would win the battle which was about to ensue. The outcome of the battle was in Constantine's favor. After his victory he moved the Empire in the
direction that was favorable to Christians. One of his first acts was to establish the "Edict of Milan," which allowed Christians and all others to
worship freely. He also established a city named after himself and the said city was deemed the first Christian
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The Human Figure In Hellenistic Art
The human figure is something that artists have portrayed in sculpture for thousands of years. Each culture and time period had different reasons
behind the way they chose to depict humans. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs were shown as idealized and emotionless, like gods. Yet in Hellenistic art,
people were depicted in dramatic scenes that showed them as very human and emotional. The way humans have been depicted through sculpture and
the reasons behind these canons have evolved and changed over time.
The earliest examples of the human form in sculpture can be found in the Paleolithic era. While in the Paleolithic era humans were rarely depicted in
paintings, they were commonly depicted through sculpture in small figurines. The majority of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike artwork from previous cultures and periods, Hellenistic sculpture was filled with drama. Many works seem chaotic due to the amount of
movement and action happening in them. There were also pieces that were, while not chaotic, filled with extreme emotion. This can be seen in
the sculpture "Dying Gaul", one piece of a larger group of sculptures (see fig. 7). A man is depicted in what is most likely his last moment of life.
He is a Gaul, the losers of a battle with the Greeks, and yet, he is shown as human with strong emotions. His face is filled with the pain and sadness
of knowing that he is dying with a furrowed brow (see fig. 8). It is a strangely detailed and emotional death to give to one's enemy. It shows a
possible respect for their enemies and an understanding that they are human and feel pain and have emotions as well. Much like previous Greek
works of art, the muscles are well defined and highly realistic. Yet, unlike "Riace Warriors" where the figures were just standing in a relaxed and
calm way, this figure is trying to hold himself up, and the realistic muscles make it easy to see that this figure is using all of his strength to keep from
collapsing. While it could be considered overly dramatic, the way extreme emotion is used in this piece makes the audience feel the pain and sorrow
of the person in front of them even though he was the
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The Between Classical And Classical Period And Hellenistic...
As the Hellenistic society shifted away from the Classical ideals of perfectionism and idolization of the elites and gods in sculpture, artists began to be
fixated on illustrating imperfection of a variety of individuals faced with ruthless authenticity of their emotional struggles. Whereas, Classical
architecture focused on dedicating massive structures to the gods to emphasize their divinity, but Hellenistic architecture used advanced technology to
exemplify Alexander the Great's magnificence. Thus, differences in architecture can be seen in the sophisticated town of Alexandria with structures
such as the lighthouse that show how Alexander the Great influenced town planning that was centralized on the creation of a superior city, likewise,
The Altar at Pergamon expresses the loss of focus on the divine through unique sculptural techniques. Change can also be seen in the sculptures of The
Boxer and The Old Market Woman as they are depicted to be imperfectly individualistic and in emotional distress.
Between the Classical period and Hellenistic period, sculptural style change occurred leading to distinguishing features that showcase cultural values of
the society. Carrie Tovar, Curator of Art in the College of Public Service and Community Solutions at Arizona State University, discusses in her article,
Battered, But Unbeaten: A New Getty Acquisition, how artisans of the Hellenistic period possessed the ability to display the subjects of their pieces
with ruthless
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Hellenistic Funerary Iconography Essay
In this essay, we are going to discuss how the Hellenistic funerary iconography is different from the Classical period. Due to the space limitation, we
will only focus on grave stela and tomb funerary monuments. The conclusion is that the stele's characteristics change considerably through the time,
and the pictures inside the funerary tombs evolve to have the typical features of the paintings from the Hellenistic period. The period we will be
looking at goes from the start of the Classical period, in the 5th century BC, until the end of the Hellenistic period, the year 31 BC. We will see how
the characteristics of the stelae and the tombs changed, and how some characteristics remained quite similar. It was decided to only work with those...
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They were one of the best ways to remember the deceased by how he was. The relatives of the person could build this object to show his qualities,
social status and what he did in life. Due to the great number of objects available sometimes can be difficult to see how they evolved through time,
however it is possible to see some patterns that happened in different places around the same period. The stele have evolved throughout the years
considerably. As the mind of the population changed, the needs to represent certain aspects in the graves were also different. The first important
change we are going to look at is the size and shape of the stele. Starting in Asia Minor and Aegean Greece , the stele started to become smaller than
the ones that we see in the Classical period. Both in the Classic and Hellenistic period, the deceased are represented in the grave. One important
difference is that in the Hellenistic ones, the people are below a naiskos , which is a temple with columns at both sides. This way the stele have both
some characteristics from the Classic time and some innovation. This was a very common practice during the Hellenistic period. Some have
inscriptions in the upper part of the grave and they often interact with the
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Hellenistic Culture
Alexander the Great died and Hellenistic culture began. The Hellenistic time period was Greek–like and embodied many of the traditional Greek
values, while modernizing the Middle East. During the Hellenistic Period, art, entertainment and athletics flourished. Many temples were built but the
customs were altered to become modern and enjoyable. Stadiums and Gymnasiums were also fabricated, which induced a social aspect to the polis'.
The agora, public alters, and libraries were new and exciting additions to the Hellenistic Period which united the people and gave the people more
opportunities. These attractions began to pop up all over the Hellenistic world, whether the Jews wanted it or not. Previously Judah was on the outskirts
of other cultures,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of Judaism's crucial values is circumcision which contradicts with the Hellenistic value that the male body is perfect without any modifications.
Because of that, Jews had to decide whether to circumcise or participate in the sports in the public stadiums. Many anti–hellenistic Jews living in
Jerusalem believed that they should be speaking Hebrew or Aramaic and not Greek. With Hellenism, the Greek language became more prevalent and
the Bible even got translated into Greek instead of Hebrew and was called the Septuagint. Hellenizing was overall controversial topic and each side
believed their beliefs were there only beliefs. Eventually Antiochus the Fourth begins to rule, and he is a harsh ruler who does not accept the
Anti–hellenistic Jews. He transforms all the Jewish altars to Greek altars, which meant that only Greek sacrifices could be made. The Anti–hellenistic
Jews grew angrier and angrier, and eventually the Maccabean rebellion and the Civil War began. The Hellenistic Jews and the Seleucids fought
against the Maccabim/Hashmonaim. The maccabim utilized gorilla warfare because they were a much smaller force, and that was the only way they
had a chance of winning the war. After two years, of brutal fighting the Seleucids give up and say that Maccabim can have Jerusalem, but they will
keep the rest. In
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Hellenostic Individualism Vs Hellenistic Individualism
In 323 B.C., the Hellenic Humanistic civilization came to an end, and Hellenistic individualism was born. Hellenistic individualism was everything
that Hellenic Greece was not. This new time period would be described as "Greekish" because it was not purely Greek in culture (Humanities, 83).
Before the Individualistic era began, the civilization was united in language, philosophy and religion, having a strong historical impact that connected
them. Hellenistic individualism was created in a time of loneliness and isolation. When the polis were replaced, individualism emerged, because people
were searching for continuity, they were searching for identity through the individual (Humanities, 91). I will be contrasting the different viewpoints
from Hellenic Age and the Hellenistic Age; focusing on the philosophy of Aristotle, the philosophy of Epicurus and the new art form. The Hellenistic
Greek culture is different starting with the shift of the polis to the cities. The new era was a blend of past ideas from the East and West (Messner
10–27–17). Some of these ideas were building on the ideas of the polis, but that goal was not able to be succeeded. For many reasons being, the new
state was bigger, diverse and did not have an equal leadership balance (Messner 10–27–17). This resulted in a completely new era where people began
to have new perspectives that they did not have before. Their perspective on philosophy, which was heavily impacted by Aristotle, took a huge turn.
Unlike
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Hellenistic Analysis
Alexander brought to the conquered land the Greeks, and with them the Greek culture. The people of these lands had to adapt to the changing views
and adopted the Greek language in order to better understand each other. However, Hellenism was the blending of different cultures, like Egyptian,
Persian, Indian and the Greeks, that would bring diversity to these conquered lands.
A city becoming Hellenised meant that the locals had come into contact with the Greeks and knowledge of the Greek culture, language and literature.
In conjunction with philosophers, who views of religion, was somewhat outside the normal views, meaning that they challenged the significance of
religious views, perhaps in an attempt to undermine these new religions.
Hellenic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not to say that they liked the Greeks in their lands. However, there were Jews who liked the idea of the Greek culture, and adopted parts of
the Greek culture into their own culture. The more traditional Jews found the Greeks offensive, with men strutting around naked in the gyms for all
to see, and it was against the Jewish laws to be seen naked. Because of their nakedness the Jews could also see that some men were uncircumcised,
which was again offensive to the Jewish society for they considered them as unclean and impure. Furthermore, the Greeks ability to make better
deals and profit also upset the Jews. Not only that, but they further disliked the fact that the Greeks spilling swine blood for sacrifices to their Pagan
Gods, especially when swine was taboo in the Jewish culture. Another thing to consider too was that the more extreme Jews, did not like the idea of
their brethren taking on a more Hellenistic lifestyle, as they were scared that their God would punish them for such an act. Eventually they rebelled
against the Hellenistic way due to Antiochus IV stealing from their sacred temple and forcing the Jewish people to make sacrifices to the Pagan Gods.
However, this is not to say that all opposed
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The Rise Of The Hellenistic Age
The way the Greeks ran their city–states was second to none. So it was only fitting that other society's tried to mimic what the Greeks were doing, and
so a man by the name of Alexander the great, who was eager to start his own age created the Hellenistic age. Hellenistic means "literally imitating the
Greeks; the era after the death of Alexander the Great when Greek culture spread into the Near East and blended with the culture of that region."
(Spielvogel, 94) Even though Alexander the great set the foundation for the Hellenistic age it truly began to take form after his death.
So many of these cities played such a crucial role in the success of the Hellenistic Kingdoms. After Alexander's death there were four major Hellenistic
monarchies
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Similarities And Differences Between Ancient And...
There are subtle stylistic differences that occur in the Piombino Apollo that make it more advanced than the archaic kouros, which lead many scholars
to distinguish this statue as Hellenistic rather than Archaic. The modelling of the back is one of the biggest alterations that occurs between actual
kouros from the archaic period and the Piombino Apollo. The back of the statue is much more artistically advanced than the front regarding
modelling (Ridgway 1967: 48). The subtle modelling of the muscular structures and ridges of the spine of the back suggest the desired realism of
the Hellenistic era, instead of the basic and ridged 'idealized' form found in the archaic period (Ridgway 1967: 48). More subtle differences
between a true archaic sculpture and a retrograded Hellenistic sculpture are also present in this statue in other areas, such as the feet. On most
kouros, the feet are high arched, but on the Piombino Apollo, they are small and flat (Ridgway 1967: 49). Also the toes are a discrepancy between
the two eras. Usually "archaic statues have [the toes] aligned with the central part of the other foot" (Ridgway 1967: 49) in a very geometric
fashion. However, the toes on the right foot of the Apollo do not align with the middle of the left foot, and instead align with the left heel (Ridgway
1967: 49). As stated earlier, the hair is a defining feature in archaic kouros and it is typically flat and in a bulky beaded shape to best attempt to
represent the different
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Analysis Of Rolf Strootman, Courts And Elites In The...
In Rolf Strootman's, Courts and Elites in the Hellenistic Empires, he discusses the Kingdoms of the Hellenistic era, there courts, how kingdoms were
developed, the importance of military might, emphasis of the king as a war hero, king viewed as a liberator of cities and the development of
diplomatic relations with the cities that are being governed by the kings.1 Strootman looks at three kingdoms to explain how the kingdoms in this
empire function, they are the Ptolemies, Antigonids, and the Seleukids. In these empires, Strootman explains how the kingdoms were mostly nomadic,
in the way that the court would constantly move around and follow the king where ever he went.2 So Strootman makes the case that the courts were
not defined by a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kingdoms in this era were subject to imperial claims (other than by the emperor), making the role of emperor not absolute and in constant struggle to
maintain control over, through negotiations or confrontations.5
In this book, Strootman elaborates on how there are two essential diagrams for exposing political assertiveness during the Hellenistic period shedding
light on the function of imperialism, the first describes the court as a political structure used to assert power but this idea is rivaled with the
importance of the theater and the important role it played in to support the role of the king and his court against the courts of others. The other is
describing capital and cities as tools of a power play made by those of power (the king and his courtiers).6 These arguments as Strootman exposes to
the reader that based off of the ideas of Norbert Elias, Jurgen von Kruedener and Charles Tilly, we are able to better understand the function of court
during this era.7 Kruedener as mentioned by Strootman explains how the role of favor with the king was vital to the attainment of power within the
kingdom, disbursement of land holdings, duties of offices and this was all done through exposure before the king through the instrument of court.
Although the king and his court
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Hellenistic Monks
A monastic community is a place where women or men live out vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity. The monks of Norcia are an international
community with a median age of 36. This brotherhood unites them to one to another by their common search for God. The three characteristics of a
monastery are prayer, observance, and liturgical life.
Described by the Rule of St. Benedict, the full Divine Office (Liturgy of the Hours) marks hours of the day dedicated to the prayer life of the monks.
Additional prayers such as the Jesus Prayer, the Rosary, Eucharistic Adoration, and Lectio Divina Prayers add to the daily round of Mass and Offices
as spiritual nourishment. Aspects of observance are St. Benedict's fast, chanting of the Office, the observance of silence, and abstinence from meat.
Monks foster the " reconciliation in the heart of the Church" through the careful celebration of the liturgy. The liturgy is the public prayer of the
Church that celebrates what God has done for them. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Benedict said, "Keep death daily before your eyes." St. Benedict's saying refers to more than physical death, but also death to self. A monk is called to
this daily, such as leaving family, friends, and home. Through prayer and daily conversion, the monks die to self and remain hidden or forgotten. They
observe the many rules of Saint Benedict's outline for monastic life, dependability to prayer, vigil, and fasting. The beauty of the Church's liturgical
tradition communicates the peace of Christ to the rest of world.
The Rule of Saint Benedict is a book of precepts written by Benedict of Nursia for monks living under an abbot. It is summed up in the motto of the
Benedictine Confederation: ora et labora, which means pray and work. This rule has been used by Benedictines for fifteen centuries. The model for
the monastic life is based on a family, with the abbot as father and all monks as
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Summary: The Hellenistic Period
The Hellenistic period occurred from 323–31 BC and brought forth a new idea of passion in art. This historical time period succeeded the Classical
Era of Ancient Greece, where sculptures were made for an idealistic perfection. However, during the Hellenistic art period, sculptures endured a
stylistic change. Artists no longer felt required to portray people as ideals of beauty or physical perfection. Sculptors took inspiration from pathos and
drama to display exaggerated, dramatic, emotion–filled, more realistic pieces of art. They used common and holy people as subjects for sculpture, and
used marble, sometimes stone, to create and depict their expressive character. Some of the most well know art sculptures that came from the
Hellenistic period were: Laocoön and His Sons, The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Rodin's fame grew, he crafted and designed more statues like The Thinker (1902), The Kiss (1889), and The Three Shades, all of which were
part of The Gates of Hell. Similar to The Three Graces, Rodin amplified the idea and feeling of strength, in The Three Shades, by multiplying the
existing figures and forms. Both sculptures embraced distinctive character and personal physicality by focusing on key details of the model's
disposition. The artists also excelled in sculpting realistic and raw features by having their subject be undressed or nude. Hellenistic sculpture
expanded the range of subjects artists could represent, and had a great impact on modern art. Artists became more technically skilled in illustrating
facial expressions to convey a myriad of emotions, and accomplish a loose effect. It was the freedom and creativity with which Rodin used these
practices that not only made him the acclaimed artist he was, but relate similarly to sculptures from the Hellenistic
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Changes In The Hellenistic Period
As a result of the Greeks spreading throughout many regions following Alexander the Great's conquests, the Hellenistic period saw old ways of
thinking replaced with new ideas that reflected changes in society and the blending of diverse cultures that had now been exposed to one another. As
Greek language and lifestyle swept through Egypt and West Asia, and major cultural hubs like Alexandria came to prominence, the Greek way of life
had a profound effect on these distant lands, just as their own exotic customs and histories similarly affected Greek thought and culture. This, along
with the changing political climate in these regions, led to a period of immense advancement in philosophical and religious discourse that would
forever change the course of history and pave the way for the birth of Christianity. The three most significant catalysts for change in Hellenistic religion
were the exposure of diverse cultures to one another, the vast changes in political and societal life during this period, and the shifts in philosophy and
religious thought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Hellenistic period, philosophy became very popular and was often treated as a religion (Noble 104). By replacing a lot of mythological ideas
with philosophical ones, people could become more focused on their own pursuits of happiness and self–fulfillment and less concerned with the
ideologies of the gods. It makes sense that philosophies would become more individualistic at this time, since the societies had dropped the concepts
of democracy and the collective whole. Those who still believed in gods often chose gods who were relevant to the contemporary issues of the time.
Classical Athenian religion upheld the standards of the democratic society but the religions in the Hellenistic period addressed the new spiritual
concerns that resulted from all of the rapid changes to society (Noble
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Hellenistic Period Essay
This paper will look at the political including economic, and cultural and social developments during the Hellenistic period. I personally found that
there are many positive developments; whereas the least positive development I found were the multiple wars that ravaged the Hellenistic civilization
especially the Wars of the Successors (322 – 275 B.C.).
Many economic developments came about during the Hellenistic period, historians state that it was second in terms of magnitude to the Commercial
and Industrial Revolutions of the modern era. Several important events led to these economic developments: firstly, the opening up of the vast trade
area from the Indus River to the Nile as a result of the Alexandrian conquests; secondly, the price... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a similar strategy China adapts today with their two currency system to ensure the competitiveness of their products. This policy not only
controls trade, but generates foreign currency reserves and revenue for the government. Even in terms of art exaggerated realism, sensationalism, and
voluptuousness are seen in architecture today, especially in countries such as the Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, with the Museum
of Islamic Art, Burj Khalifa, Jeddah Tower which all symbolize power and
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The Contributions Of Pragmatism In The Hellenistic Period
It was only after Alexander's conquest of the Greek homeland that classical ideas were put under pressure by a changing political climate and social
disruption, eventually causing the expanding Greek world to turn to pragmatism and realism. The ensuing Hellenistic period saw a move towards
practical applications of scientific knowledge and art styles reflecting the more complex emotions familiar to Hellenistic Greeks. However, despite
changing attitudes, the ingenuity and technical proficiency of Greek individuals was generally undiminished. In mathematics, for example, Euclid
(365–300 BCE) wrote 13 groundbreaking books on geometry that continued to be used until the late 19th century and "virtually invented classical
(Euclidean) geometry as we know it" (Mastin, pars. 3). Archimedes, a 3rd–century BCE mathematician from Syracuse, made significant practical
advances in the field of physics, inventing the compound pulley and the Archimedean screw; he famously stated, "give me a fulcrum, and I'll shift the
Earth," affirming his faith in applied science (Cary, 349). Early biologists and naturalists of the Hellenistic period increasingly sought applications in
medicine, which vastly improved medical care (Cary, 351). Astronomy also saw advances in practical knowledge from figures such as Eratosthenes,
who calculated the circumference of the Earth, and Hipparchus, who determined the length of the moon's orbit to within one second (Violatti (a), pars.
9). Architecture, once held up
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Hellenistic School
Hellenistic is the period beginning when the military campaigns of Alexander the Great conquered territories were infused with Greek culture including
philosophy, language, art, and religion. After Alexander died, the Greek dynasties that were divided among his generals were soon conquered by the
Romans. They then adapted the Greek culture and spreading it among their Empire. While then, Athens continue following Plato's, Aristotle's, and
several new Hellenistic schools as a philosophical. The new schools started out still continue to discuss the same issues of nature. Yet, it was eventually
added a therapeutic element, offering accounts for how to attain happiness. Each Hellenistic school then started to develop their own idea of what it
would take for mankind to achieve eudaimonia, happiness. The concept they came to will include Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism, and Cynicism.
Epicureanism came from Epicurean school and was founded by Epicurus. He adapted the Atomistic views of Democritus saying that happiness will
only achieve through pleasure and it will be better to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The greatest happiness was to reach a state of mind where fear and pain are nonexistent and to have certain pleasures. That will declare that the
only good there is will be of pleasure. The absence of pain will be the greatest pleasure and can advocates a simpler life. In the Epicurean view, the
highest pleasure which is the freedom from fear was obtained by friendship, living a virtuous life and having knowledge. One of the examples he gave
was "when eating, one should avoiding eating too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later on" because, in the realization of that, one could not
afford the same delicacies in the future. Epicurus categorized pleasure and pain into three main criteria which are: intensity (strength of the feeling)
duration (length of the feeling) and purity (pleasure unaccompanied by
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Hellenistic Art
The Silk Road had established a long and interesting history with trade, that enabled many different cultures to have connections. These connections
have had an influence on clothing, architecture, music, art and sculptures. After the conquest of Gandhara by Alexander the Great, the classical world
of Roman art influenced these region's taste with a new look for art and sculptures. Alexander's expansion into northwest Pakistan changed the approach
in creating Bodhisattva sculptures, taking on the influence of the Hellenistic features. Furthermore, with the connections between the Roman Empire
and the Kushans being exploited commercially and artistically, benefiting both establishments. The classical traditions of Roman dramatically changed
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Gandhara's sculptures range in many different shapes and size. These consist of Bodhisattva torsos, heads, and even rock reliefs. In the earlier
Kushan period, the head sculptures had traces of an adorned look and feel to it but was still pretty simplified. They displayed the sculpture relatively
flat on the front and the back of the head with open eyes and the fleshy lips. A suggestion of braiding around the forehead gives the sense of the
Bodhisattva wearing a turban, and of course the heavy spiral earrings. All these features appeared around the first century. The knowledge of Stanislaw
J. Czuma stated, "the sharp , angular details of the upper portion of this head relate it to sculptural developments in the late second century, the lower
half of the face with its pliant surfaces and ample curves of the lips" (83). This is showing the changes in details and form that the Bodhisattva
sculptures are beginning to show as time goes into the next century. Then in 330 B.C., Alexander the Great conquered northwest Pakistan with his
indo–Greek kings who succeeded him, and brought in the classical traditions to this region. The Bodhisattva sculptures can be seen with contrapossto,
naturalism, drapery, and curly hair are distinctive traits of the Hellenistic
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The Hellenistic Period: The Boxer At Rest
The Hellenistic period is a time where the greek influence expanded widely. During this period the artwork became extremely naturalistic with a lot
more expression with showing various emotions. Many artists in this time period were no longer interested in showing the subjects as ideals of
beauty, instead they were now focused on representing the true character of that particular subject. The embodiment of the subject's character,
naturalism, and series of emotion is what made the Hellenistic period have the most influence on the artwork in the modern world that we live in
today. The Hellenistic Period started in 323 BC with the death of Alexander the Great. When Alexander the Great died he left behind an empire
lacking a successor. Therefore it was up to the old commanders to figure out what would happen to the kingdom next. The old commanders decided to
divide the kingdom amongst themselves. As a result of the divide they fought many different wars for the next three decades called the Wars of the
Diadochi. They did this in attempt to restore the broken kingdom. The first of the Diadochi wars started when... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Boxer at Rest sculpture is believed to have been created within the periods of 330 to 50 BCE. This is a Hellenistic Greek sculpture of a sitting
boxer while he is still wearing his leather hand–wrap. The boxer has many characteristics that are significant to the Hellenistic period such as curly
hair and a full beard. The Boxer at Rest shows how the work comes from a time where there is a movement away from idealised depictions of the
human body and youthfulness. The sculpture also shows exploration of emotional themes with greater realism. The statue is made out of bronze
showing the boxer with a scarred and bruised face, broken nose, a mouth that suggests broken teeth and cauliflower ears. In the Hellenistic period it
was also very common for sculptures to be nude as well as in the
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Hellenistic Misconceptions
SYNOPTIC COMPARISON OF THE TEXTS
Now that we have uncovered some of the significance of the location of the text both in relation to the surrounding narratives, and geographically it
is time to look at each of the accounts, and how they compare to one another. The account of the miracle in Mark is the longest, and most detailed of
the three, and I will be exploring it first. Luke's account is very similar to Mark's, and in fact it is believed that Luke used Mark as the sole source for
his account of the story, and simply changed the language possibly changing the meaning, and focus of the text for his Gospel , so I will look at his
narrative second. Finally Matthew is the shortest, and least detailed account of this narrative containing some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In verse 2, and 3 the word ОјОЅО·ОјОµОЇП‰ОЅ is used meaning among the tombs . In verse 5 however a different word is used.
ОјОЅО®ОјО±ПѓО№ОЅ meaning as it is translated simply tomb . Making note of this distinction is important because if we look at the literal
meaning of the translation of the word used in verses 2, and 3 we get a clearer picture of the condition of the demon possessed man. The first word that
is used to describe the tomb emphasizes the fact that the man lived among the dead . I find this linguistic point interesting because it is an instance
where our English language is not adequate to describe what the author was trying to convey in his text. When we look at the underlying meaning of
the two separate words, and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying meaning of the first we get a more powerful picture of the circumstances
that this demon possessed man was in. Aside from living among the tombs the man also suffered in other ways due to his demon possession. One
example of this is 5:5 "Night and day among the tombs and on the mountain he was always howling and bruising himself with stones." (NRSV) these
two examples of the miserable state of the mans life are an illustration of the power that evil can have over a person . Understanding the extent of the
power that the evil demon had over the man makes the illustration of the power that Jesus has over the demon all the more
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Greece Boy With Thorn: The Hellenistic Period
How can we connect the new tastes in Hellenistic sculpture with changes in the everyday reality of an average Greek?
With the rise of Alexander the Great and the empires of the Hellenistic period, the Greek world dramatically changed. No longer did the average
citizen's life play a role in the administration and leadership of the state. This shift in the citizen's importance shines through the sculptures of the
Hellenistic period as other facets of the human experience began to dominate the minds of the average Greek. The habitat of man was no longer the
polis as Greece was dominated by the empires of the Hellenistic period. Throughout this essay, I will go through different Greek sculptures and discern
how they represent a changed Greece ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This sculpture focuses on the life of a child and the problems associated with child–like behavior, an aspect of life not commonly explored in Classical
Greek sculpture. Curiosity is often associated with children, and in both adults and children, curiosity is likely to get you into trouble. However, as
this statue shows, when your curiosity gets you a 'thorn' in your foot, the best thing to do is pluck it out without fear as the boy's face does not express
concern or distress demonstrating that the 'thorn' is not a grave danger. The lack of seriousness in the problems theGreeks of the Hellenistic period
faced is captured in this sculpture. During Classical Greece, when the average citizen participated in matters of state, therefore had to face serious
issues, this sculpture would have never been created. The average citizen would not be able to relate to the plight of a child, as their problems
were far graver, but again with the loss of political power, the Greeks gained levity to their lives. Further exploring other avenues of the human
experience, men's relationship with women is personified. The statue of Aphrodite, Pan, and Eros is of a subject matter uncommon during the
Classical period. The Goddess is much more exposed, with only one hand being used to cover herself. Aphrodite appears to be holding a sandal to
smack away the Satyr, however, she does not show negative emotions on her face. Eros appears between the two, grabbing the Satyr by the horns,
just as lust grips the mind. The expression of male lust towards women becomes a more important part of Greek life as that portion of life becomes
more significant. The Satyr type of man, as opposed to the Olympic athlete, became a better representation of the average Greek as these 'men' chased
after women who were able to swat them away without much thought due to the fact that
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Hellenistic Skepticism Analysis
This essay will be exploring the Hellenistic Philosophical movement of Skepticism in its beginnings in academia as well as the teachings and positions
of Pyrrhonist skeptics. Hellenistic skepticism at its core is striving to "Suspended judgment", as well as question the basis of truth. In accordance to
this proverbial philosophical quest for truth, the Hellenistic skeptic would take a different path compared to their contemporary schools of the thought,
by negating perceptual belief, and not affirming anything. To these ancient skeptics this will lead the philosopher down the path to "Suspended
Judgement" in which, they seek. This "Suspended Judgement" will bring tranquility to the mind or at least these ancient Pyrrhonist skeptics believed
this to be so, thus this being the key reason why this is the central goal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arcesilaus core tenants of thought are as followed "(i) his dialectical method, (ii) discussion of whether there is a criterion of truth, and (iii) his
defense of the skeptic's ability to act."(SEP) Arcesilaus often uses the same dialectical method that was originated with Socrates, however Arcesilaus
took the skeptical approach to this method with the goal to weed out "Dogmatic" justifications and conclusions on reality. His criterion of truth, which
often was in objection to the stoic tradition, as well as most other Hellenistic schools of thought, besides of course the cynics. However, the skeptic's
approach to truth is that of trying to gain the most objective answer, often by refuting arguments made earlier in order to see all sides of the question,
thus having no true answer but instead a multitude of ideas that the Hellenistic skeptic would is both true but also false. Arcesilaus would also argue
that there could not be a criterion of truth. Often arguing against the stoic claim of "Cognitive impressions" for the skeptics. His main disagreement is
if there is impressions of this type. Due to
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The Hellenistic Era
"She was born with a bow in hand." They'd always say. As I would stride past them on cobblestone pathways, my instrument case hefty on my arm, I
could hear them muttering and mumbling to themselves.
"They say she's the daughter of Apollo. I can see it in her face, look at the jawline!'
"She's so lucky to be the daughter of a god..."
"I hear her eyes look just like the sun's rays. They say she even has a tinge of orange in them!"
Oh, yes. They always talked. They gossiped just like housewives did, out on the streets and in the wheat fields and in the apple orchards. That is why,
whenever I walked down the wide cobblestone path, the subject of their endless wishful desires, they never saw me. I always laughed when I thought
of how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the wind brushed the back of my dress, I turned around to overlook the waves of golden ocean, pouring into the small town I called home. But,
my eyes became fixed on the sun. It was so wonderful, so beautiful as it rose out of its slumber in the mountains. I always felt the sun's warmth on my
cloudy white dress, and I loved how it always felt like my father's hugs.
"Um, hello? Will you stop staring at the sun already? You're going to burn your eyes right out of your head, Diantha! The festival's going to be over
by the time you get inside!" A snarky voice snapped behind me.
"Oh, be patient, Byron. Your laurel will burn if you keep on overheating." I brushed her aside, knowing all too well it made her angry.
"I will personally call your dad from the clouds to come stop you, Diantha! No, no no, actually, I'll call your mom so maybe she can deflate that balloon
you've got for a head!"
"Grr, could you tone it down a bit? I'm trying to get in an extra 3 minutes..' a muffled voice came from my case.
"Oh, look at that! You woke Amilluxe. I can't even do that." I placed the silk case on the marble floor, colored by the sun's reflection on the large
stained glass mural at the back of the structure, opening it up very carefully. In the bed of black wool, lay a white viola, with a white bow to match. I
grabbed the neck of the instrument
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Hellenistic Statue Analysis

  • 1. Hellenistic Statue Analysis A piece of art history from the Hellenistic Greek period now sits on its ship like throne in the stairwell of the Louvre Museum in Paris. "Victory lands on a ship's prow to crown a naval victory. Her wings still beat, and the wind sweeps her drapery. The statues's placement of splashing water heightened the dramatic visual effect. (Kleiner)" The perfect description for the beauty and grace this statue holds. Most of the statues during the Hellenistic time period interacted with the environment and appeared as living, breathing, and almost entirely humanistic (Kleiner). From the origin of this piece of work to the creation of it, this piece of art was meant to last a life time. This paper will be analyzing and discussing the discovery and the details in the statue to help better understand the beauty that it has held and will forever hold.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The statue was found on the Island of Samothrace in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, in the Provenance area north of the Aegean. "The colossal work was placed in a rock niche that had been dug into a hill; it overlooked the theater of the Sanctuary of the Great Gods. This niche may also have contained a pool filled with water in which the ship appeared to float. (Marie–BГ©nГ©dicte)" This extraordinary piece of art was discovered by Charles Champoiseau in 1863. "He was a keen amateur archaeologist, and hoped to find some attractive relics for the imperial museum in Paris. (Hamiaux)" But the statue did not always look like it dies today. There was a restoration done on it in the 1880's to try and recreate what it would have looked like in it's former glory ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. The History of the Greeks: Hellenic and Hellenistic The History of the Greeks: Hellenic and Hellenistic The Hellenic Age and the Hellenistic Age are the two main periods in Greek history. The Hellenic Age is significantly different from the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenic period saw the rising and falling of the polis while Hellenistic period was plagued by warfare among the remaining dynasties. Despite the differences between the Hellenic and Hellenistic periods, the one thing that remained consistent in both periods was the Greeks' ability to not only advance science and philosophy but to strive for excellence in everything that they undertook including their ability to deemphasize the role of the gods in their lives. The first period that shaped Greek history was the Hellenic (c.750–323... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... While the Spartans were trained to be warriors and only warriors, the citizens of Athens were vastly different. Athens was the largest polis in Greece. Its population was over five times as great as the other small city–states. Athens stood out from Sparta as well as the other city–states not only because of its immense population but also because it was the commercial leader of Greece and was home to a great navy. The Athenians valued their political freedom and free thought. Like the Spartans they too wanted to protect their state but unlike the Spartans, the Athenians strove for excellence not only in being warriors but also in their everyday lives. Since the Spartans were only concerned with being great warriors, the Athenians became the cultural center of Greece during the Hellenic period. Athens original government was a monarchy ruled by one king, however, the king's influence began to diminish with the changing times and soon Athens was under the rule of an oligarchy. The oligarchy consisted of wealthy aristocrats who "...gradually became very wealthy, particularly off of the cash crops of wine and olive oil, both of which require great wealth to get started. As their wealth increased, the nobles slowly stripped the king of power until Athenian government imperceptibly became an oligarchy." (Hooker) As the aristocrats grew in power and wealth, they asserted their dominance over the peasants and lower class citizens. The wealthy ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Hellenistic Culture Essay Hellenistic Culture The time between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman civilization is defined as the Hellenistic period. After the great expansion of Greece, the empire was split into smaller kingdoms. Many battles were fought before establishing the kingdoms. However, they lasted fairly long until they were conquered by the Romans. Hellenistic culture emphasized the importance of the individual. This brought on the growth of art, literature, and philosophers. Along with this, libraries were also formed. Greece began to have a more centralized power. Rather than having segregated, democratic city–states or Alexander's empire, they developed different types of kingdoms. Agriculture also experienced major improvements, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Hellenistic Influence On Greek Culture The Hellenistic Age was the period of Greek Culture between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to when the Roman Empire absorbed Greece and other parts of the Greek world around 31 BC or 27 BC. Before Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire, there was little influence of Greek culture outside of the Greek world. After his conquest, aspects of the Greek culture was found in Egypt, Asia as well as the Middle East. "The Hellenistic world incorporated a number of different people, Greek thinking, mores, and way of life dominated the public affairs of the time." (Ancient Greece.org–History of Greece: Hellenistic) This in turn established the Greek language as the official language of the Hellenistic World due to the reason that all aspects of daily life including art and literature incorporated a Greek style. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... "Alexander hoped the genius of Hellenism would be perpetuated here, a metropolis of culture to benefit the entire world." (City of the western mind) After the death of Alexander, his "Hellenistic empire" was fought over by his generals because Alexander left no obvious heir to his empire. This empire was divided up into three Kingdoms after they finished fighting with each other as well as mutual enemies, but that discord continued on through a few hundred years. "Egypt and parts of the Middle East came under the rule of Ptolemy, Seleucus controlled Syria and the remnants of the Persian Empire, while Macedonia, Thrace, and parts of northern Asia Minor came under the hegemony of Antigonus and his son Demetrius." (Ancient Greece.org–History of Greece: Hellenistic) Alexandria, Egypt was the most influential out of all the cities in the Hellenistic period due to the reason that it was the center of trade and culture under Ptolemy. This is due to the Library of Alexandria where scholars all over the world studied and created knowledge that lasted for ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. Art And Emotional Realism In The Hellenistic Era The Hellenistic Era was a time of drastic evolution and change amongst the Classical Greek Era. Alexander the Great made many conquests throughout Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean, which created a fusion of multi–ethnic cultures, resulting in the Hellenistic Era. This era turned the corner on the Classical Era's concept of religion, art, and science. The influences of Egyptian, Persian, and Mediterranean cultures in the Hellenistic era exposed the Greeks to unfamiliar ideas, resulting in a rise private worship, individualized art, and concrete scientific facts. First, between the eras art transformed from perfectionism in the Classical Era to a more emotional realism in the Hellenistic Era. In the beginning, most statues were carved of stone. However, bronze and marble was later introduced into the world of sculpting which grew in popularity amongst artists. Next, a prime example of the influence of perfectionism during the Classical Era were sculptures mainly composed of Gods and Goddesses. Hellenistic sculptures, on the other hand, focused on ways to show fluidity that complemented how the body moved. Although each era exhibited different artistic styles, both eras shared a common focus on human anatomy. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... For example, Aristotle who was philosophy based scientist, "produced a system of deductive reasoning for both universal and existential statements, and theorized on the cosmos, life, matter and mind, and the 'good life.'" (cite this) On the other hand, Eratosthenes of Cyrene created many inventions including the water pump, death ray, and the claw as well as calculating the circumference of the Earth. In 200 BCE Eratosthenes, with miraculous accuracy, calculated the circumference of Earth by using lengths of shadows throughout locations in Egypt clearly this illustrates the shift to utilizing concrete facts in science. (cite this, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Greek And Hellenistic Influence This man was grandson of the painter, cayo pictor Fabio. He is one of the few Roman historians and historians. Being the 1st representative of the old analytics. Intervened in the Gallic War dated in 225 BC. It was also after the Roman victory in Cannas dated in 216 BC, Roman ambassador in the oracle of Delphi. Being a mission of great political conflict, this happened because he, acting in favor of the Greeks in the battle against Carthage. His work as a historian meets the Greek or Hellenistic tradition of the history of the polis, which he wrote in Greek. Leaving very little information of this work, although it consists of seven books. We know that the first, it is about the foundation of the city around 748 BC, thus resorting to the Trojan hero Aeneas, in order to unite Greece with Rome as destinations. On the other hand, books II, III and IV; Ranging from the foundation of the city until the 3rd century. And the rest of the books (V, VI and VII); They dealt with contemporary facts. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Characterizing this literary work as a literary and political objective that gave way to the establishment of the bases of the senatorial historiography, where resorted to the tradition of the pontifical analyst with a high artistic level. It is believed that this work was later translated into Latin. As a continuation of what had previously been said to Fabio PictГіr: We do not know exactly what they contained or at what date they were published, we only know what Cato left us as ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Hellenistic Period Timeline The timeline above gives detail about certain events that occurred in Greece during this time period. It starts out talking about the dark age. The Dark Age was a time that did not have any kings or tax collectors. The streets were trashed and buildings were destroyed. After the rebuilding was the Classical Period that had many cultural advances. The cultural advances included Philosophy, Literature, and Art. This period was followed by the Hellenistic Period. The Hellenistic Period was when Alexander the Great came to rule. He built an empire all the way from India to Greece. This period ended when Roman troops invaded and conquered many territories. Periods and Eras were not the only thing covered in the timeline. There were many wars that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Summary: The Hellenistic Period The Hellenistic Period's Modern Benefits When Alexander the Great died, and left his huge empire to his successors, he also left much change in his wake. Alexander the Great(356– 323 B.C.), a conqueror of much of the known world in his time, left a powerful influence when he died. He started the Hellenistic Period, the era of Greek culture. His fallen empire reigned on in the form of kingdoms, each practicing the Greek way of life. His tremendous imprint in the East still affects us all today. The Hellenistic Period has positively benefitted modern society by bringing ideas together from the East and West that very much changed the way people thought and acted, and by bringing more positive views on democracy, democratic–republics and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... City–states were created after Alexander's empire fell, spelling the first waves of a democratic–republic to spawn(Simonin). These city–states centralized power while giving the community a chance to take part in the government itself, allowing for people to realize the importance of a democracy and the involvement of the community as a whole, which people enjoyed so much that the thought was recorded in the library of Alexandria , and was later used by the Romans. Alexander's love of the Greek culture allowed its power to grow as well, "Their language and culture spread far beyond the Greek homelands, and their influence lasted for centuries"(Burgan 13). Here is shown the power the Greek culture truly held over people. Most empires end being forgotten, only leaving tales to tell in the ground, but people enjoyed so ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. The Classical And Hellenistic Period Greek sculpture is known for its beauty and attention to detail. Two of the most prominent eras in Greek sculpture are the Classical and Hellenistic periods. The Classical period took place from 500–323 BC. It is the period between Persian wars and ends with the death of Alexander the Great (History). Classical sculptures are known for being less detailed more stagnant. The Hellenistic period begins when the Classical period ends, in 323 BC. This period ends in 31 BC "with the conquest of the last Hellenistic kingdom by Rome" (Simonin). Hellenistic sculptures are known for being more realistic and active. Both periods of sculpture focused heavily on human anatomy, they just differed in their approaches to illustrate the human body. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... "Zeus gave Dionysus to Hermes to protect the baby from Zeus' wife, who was jealous" because Zeus was unfaithful to his wife Hera with Dionysus's mother, Semele (Bergman). Hermes, the messenger of the Greek gods, is sculpted leaning against what appears to be a tree covered in draping. His right arm, that is broken, reaches upwards as if he is holding something. His left arm, holds a small child, Dionysus, who reaches towards something that Hermes may have been holding. Dionysus is the god of wine and fertility. The tree trunk alludes to symbolism of Dionysus as he is also the god of "things that grow by leaps and bounds suddenly in spring" (Csapo 258). Dionysus was also known for the chaos and parties that would erupt around him. Hermes appears to be looking at Dionysus. They are both sculpted nude as many sculptures of this time were. Hermes's body language suggests that he is very relaxed. The sculpture also appears to be unfinished and features some "rasp and chisel marks [that] reveal a partial reworking of the back", as well as, "Traces of red paint may indicate that Hermes' hair, lips, and sandals were gilded originally" (Wilcox Classical Museum). The statue of Hermes and Dionysus laid a foundation for sculpture of the later eras. Hellenistic sculpture became more varied in subject matter and style. This period of time was "characterized by a strong sense of history" (Hemingway). This era is known for its innovation, expansion ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Similarities and Differences between the Hellenic and... There are two main periods in Greece history, Hellenic and Hellenistic period. They have some similarities but they are significantly different. Many people believe that the Classical era is the most impressive due to the success in literature, science, philosophy and architecture, which does not mean that the Ancient Greece is less significant. While in Hellenic era they saw rising and falling of the polis in Hellenistic era it was more about war and fighting for among the prevailing dynasties. The thing that they have in common is that they were consistent in discovering new philosophies and science also decreasing the role of gods. Culture As we know the first period was Hellenic period which is most known for their polis, each polis had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... During the era before Classical Greece Sparta and Athena had different paths because Sparta had two kings and an oligarchic government, while Athens had instituted democracy. Sparta treated men to be warriors and women could have their own properties, while in Athena men were trained to be public speakers and women had only several rights. Despite the differences they joined to a war against Persia, and after that there was a Peloponnesian war between the two poleis, where Athena lost, at the end, Sparta, Athena and Thebes each took turn on the dominant Greek power. One interesting fact is also that the buildings that they built had a political purpose also to celebrate civil power and pride. The time of Hellenistic period is marked in two ways, when Alexander and his father lived and when Alexander died. King Phillip developed amazing military skills and found the resources to pay the troops. Some states did not want to self–defend and he found allies who wanted a new unity so after the final battle Macedon ruled the Greece. After his death, Alexander came and expanded the empire and promoted Hellenistic culture, so we can safely say that the Hellenistic politics is centered on military ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. What Is The Difference Between Classical And Hellenistic Art When we look back at these two different periods of art sculpture we can see the great difference between the two stylistic choices of art. Behind each hunk of stone reads perfect anatomy and certain expressions. One features a more dazed stone face and one gives life for more emotion made within the stone. The Classical Period and Hellenistic period also look somewhat similar from a glance are very different in feeling and meaning. The Classical Period started around the 5th century BC. This period is where artists attempt to capture the human body realistically and create realistic poses. The most popular subjects were athletic males who are at their peak of their own fitness. It was not until about 350 BC that there were statues featuring the female body. One very noteworthy statue of the Classical Period was called "Aphrodite of Knidos". The originalsculpture inspired various amounts of copies, but sadly the original itself did not survive. "Aphrodite of Knidos" was created by Praxitele and is thought to be the most famous sculptures of Classical Greece. The sculpture depicts Aphrodite just have taken off her clothes and was about to step into the bath. She may have had an onlooker and she covered her pelvis from their view. The Classical Period statues were designed to be a bit more casual, depicting one leg being stretched forward as the other supports the body and the head tilted to the side. If you look closer at most of the Classical statues you can see the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION IN WHAT WAYS WERE THE ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION? The Hellenistic civilization marked an important time in Greek culture. This was the period between 323 and 31 BC, at one point the Greek society changed from being withdrawn and localized to an aggressive multinational, unprotected, and eager culture that infused together southwest Asia and eastern Mediterranean. The Hellenistic world involved many different people but the Greeks' thinking and way of life influenced most of the matters.1 Every aspect related to culture followed the beliefs of the Greeks and this led to the Greek language becoming established, as the official language of this area. The following arguments are centralized around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Moreover, the law did not allow women to hold office, but the men who held offices were allowed to seek counsel of their wives and this could only be done in private. Conversely, equality of men and women was more in the Roman society than it had been in the Greek culture. Professor Roy Mathews and Dewitt Platt centralized their arguments around political humanities of the western world, and around the period for the Hellenistic civilization. This is when the institutions and culture of other nations interacted with the Greek's in order to create a multicultural and varied civilization. From their definition, this would seem to suggest that Rome should not be counted as Hellenistic civilization because of the controversial time lines. Nonetheless, Rome was situated in the ideal geographical location, which naturally created a varied and multicultural civilization due to its expansion and methods of conquering people. This explanation indicates that Rome was an heir to Hellenistic civilization even though it does not fit according to the definition given by Professor Mathews and Platt. Professor Noble, on the other hand, explains how the fall of the Roman Empire led to the rising of three great civilizations of, the Byzantine Empire, medieval Europe, and the Islamic caliphate.8 Professor Noble ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. The Differences Between Hellenic Or Classical Ages And The... This paperwork examines how the differences amongst the Hellenic along with the Hellenistic ages might appear in the artistic r cultural production of every era. The ideas presented in this article bases its focus on the Ancient period such as Ancient Greeks. Besides, the report also focuses on studying the impact that Hellenic had on other times like the medieval period, the Renaissance, together with modern times in appearing in the cultural production of each era. The presentation has the principal objective of examining the differences between the Hellenic or classical ages and the Hellenistic ages (Cicarma, 2014). This paperwork focuses on how the differences in these two generations influence daily lives of people in the society. Besides, the illustrations on this article examine how the differences between the ages reflected in the literature, art, art philosophy of the two periods. The paper shows how the shift from Hellenic together Hellenistic era represents the changes from the civilization dominated by ethnic Greeks. It, however, illustrates that scattered geographically to the culture are disseminated by natives and speakers of Greek of whatever ethnicity and from the dominance of political issues in the city–state to that of larger monarchies (Holladay, 2011). This presentation remains constrained in degree to Ancient culture between 510 BCE and 323 BCE, a period that alludes to as Classical Greece. Introduction Hellenic continues to refer to the individuals ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. The Figures Of The Human Figure In Hellenistic Art The human figure is something that artists have portrayed in sculpture for thousands of years. Each culture and time period had different reasons behind the way they chose to depict humans. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs were shown as idealized and emotionless, like gods. Yet in Hellenistic art, people were depicted in dramatic scenes that showed them as very human and emotional. The way humans have been depicted through sculpture and the reasons behind these canons have evolved and changed over time. The earliest examples of the human form in sculpture can be found in the paleolithic era. While in the Paleolithic era humans were rarely depicted in paintings, they were commonly depicted through sculpture in small figurines. The majority of these figures were female, with very few males, and over two–hundred have been classified as "Venus figurines." These figures were almost always made with exaggerated breasts, stomach, and hips, which is unlikely to be how women looked during this time. The proportions were symbolic and not meant to represent a real woman. This is shown in the piece "Venus of Willendorf," a Paleolithic era sculpture. This figure is fairly small at only four inches high, and it is unable to stand up on its own (see fig. 1). Like most sculptures around this time period, it was made to be easily carried as the paleolithic people were nomadic (Zygmont). Oddly, she has no carving on her face to indicate her facial features, such as eyes, a nose, or a mouth, while ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. How Did Alexander The Great Affect The Age Of The... Imagine a world without splendorous leisure activities. The people of the Hellenistic Age most certainly couldn't! The creation of their extravagant culture that focused on the enjoyment of life and the understanding of human emotion is owed to Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia and his decision to mix his native Greek culture with the cultures of the new lands he now owned in his vast empire. This extremely intriguing age, which lasted for about 300 years, was responsible for many of the ideas that are still upheld in today's culture, and the people of this time established many important artistic and philosophical ideals that have lasted for thousands of years. The Hellenistic Age began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE (atg timeline). His conquest of Persia after the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BCE technically spurred Hellenism, or the spreading of Greek culture (adtp). Alexander the Great's empire of over seventy cities spread all the way from the west of the Mediterranean to the east of Persia, and became a hotbed for the mixing of cultures (thought co). People within this territory assimilated the Greek language, which then allowed for the spread of other parts of Greek culture, like arts, philosophy, and literature (world of atg). After conquering Persia, Alexander the Great began to introduce aspects of Greek culture through his new empire in many different ways. He encouraged his soldiers to marry with Persian women in order to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Power And Pathos : Bronze Sculpture Of The Hellenistic World Power and Pathos: Bronze Sculpture of the Hellenistic World Amid the Hellenistic period from the passing of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. until the foundation of the Roman Empire in 31 B.C., the medium of bronze drove imaginative advancement. Sculptors moved past Classical norms, supplementing accustomed subjects and romanticized frames with reasonable renderings of physical and passionate states. To achieve this, using the discovery of bronze for art, they start to create pieces of art composed bronze and other alloys. Bronze–surpassing marble with its rigidity, intelligent impacts, and capacity to hold fine detail–was utilized for element organizations, stunning showcases of the naked body, and realistic articulations of age and character. Cast from combinations of copper, tin, lead, and different components, bronze statues were delivered by presenting honorific representations of rulers and natives populated city squares, and pictures of divine beings, legends, and mortals swarmed havens. The Seated Boxer and the Statue of an Athlete are two sculptures that encompass the complete aspects of the figures through representation and materiality. Made in the Hellenistic period, when an affection for authenticity made a capable development on prior Classical optimism, the boxer is incredibly sensible. The statue depicts a boxer situated with his arms laying on his knees, his head swung to one side and somewhat raised with mouth open. The figure is stripped aside from his ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. The Hellenistic Age Hellenistic age–32 BCE The greek people are so unaware of what is about to happen and it truly heartbreaking that this is is the twilight of the hole greek civilization. Nevertheless this period is so fascinating and interesting this is the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic age begun after the death of Alexander the grate. Like I said earlier he left no new successor so this caused in fighting and the empire was divided up against the wars generals they .There were three empires would form there would dynasts from Alexander's empire; there was Antigonids in Macedonia and Greece, the Seleucids in Perissa and the ptolemies in Egypt. The people did not go back to their way of life because they were ruled by greeks and macedonians, so the local... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This was hard on the Greek people more than the other people of the empires.They had be fixed in their religious beliefs for centuries that they never thought that they might be wrong. When all of these ideas poured into greece, it conflicted they're rugged religious beliefs is caused pandamonium however the rulers of the three empires were able to calm them people down and things were stable again. Out of all of the the places of the empires I thinks that the most important place must be Alexandria in egypt and there grate library. There library reminds me so much of the philosophers school in athens. There is so much new ideas and plans of inventions could change the world! I thinks there could be more than 50,000 scrolls People like archimedes who made great inventions like the archimedes screw which help people get more water. Or Eratosthenes how arcuately found the world's crumufances. He did this by telling a friend to go 500 miles into africa and plant a post next to a well where the the sun fits perfectly into the well. While his friend did that he planted one in Alexandria. When his friend returned he'd said there was no shadow while at his however there was a shadow at Eratosthenes the only way could happen Eratosthenes thought ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18. Hellenistic Religion Emerging from the depths, Christianity began as a small sect contained within Judaism, but throughout the next 300 years the small sect grew to be the religion of the Roman Empire. Surviving a turbulent political climate, Christianity took root and could not be eradicated. Many things influenced Christianity, such as: Hellenistic thought, conflict with Judaism, and trying to stay relevant within the Rome Empire. ThoughChristianity began as a small sect, absorbing certain aspects of culture allowed Christianity to grow and become one of the most influential voices in the Empire. Early Christianity began with core Jewish beliefs at its epicenter. The disciples believed in "the one God who had revealed himself in the Hebrew Scriptures, this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Constantine's mother, Helena, was a Christian. Still influenced by pagan culture, Constantine worshipped the sun god. However, in 312, Constantine went to battle for the right to his father's throne and something happened that would change the course of Christianity forever. Before entering into battle, Constantine was resting and was taken up into a dream in which Jesus Christ appeared in a bright light and announced that by this symbol he would win the battle which was about to ensue. The outcome of the battle was in Constantine's favor. After his victory he moved the Empire in the direction that was favorable to Christians. One of his first acts was to establish the "Edict of Milan," which allowed Christians and all others to worship freely. He also established a city named after himself and the said city was deemed the first Christian ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. The Human Figure In Hellenistic Art The human figure is something that artists have portrayed in sculpture for thousands of years. Each culture and time period had different reasons behind the way they chose to depict humans. In ancient Egypt, pharaohs were shown as idealized and emotionless, like gods. Yet in Hellenistic art, people were depicted in dramatic scenes that showed them as very human and emotional. The way humans have been depicted through sculpture and the reasons behind these canons have evolved and changed over time. The earliest examples of the human form in sculpture can be found in the Paleolithic era. While in the Paleolithic era humans were rarely depicted in paintings, they were commonly depicted through sculpture in small figurines. The majority of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Unlike artwork from previous cultures and periods, Hellenistic sculpture was filled with drama. Many works seem chaotic due to the amount of movement and action happening in them. There were also pieces that were, while not chaotic, filled with extreme emotion. This can be seen in the sculpture "Dying Gaul", one piece of a larger group of sculptures (see fig. 7). A man is depicted in what is most likely his last moment of life. He is a Gaul, the losers of a battle with the Greeks, and yet, he is shown as human with strong emotions. His face is filled with the pain and sadness of knowing that he is dying with a furrowed brow (see fig. 8). It is a strangely detailed and emotional death to give to one's enemy. It shows a possible respect for their enemies and an understanding that they are human and feel pain and have emotions as well. Much like previous Greek works of art, the muscles are well defined and highly realistic. Yet, unlike "Riace Warriors" where the figures were just standing in a relaxed and calm way, this figure is trying to hold himself up, and the realistic muscles make it easy to see that this figure is using all of his strength to keep from collapsing. While it could be considered overly dramatic, the way extreme emotion is used in this piece makes the audience feel the pain and sorrow of the person in front of them even though he was the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. The Between Classical And Classical Period And Hellenistic... As the Hellenistic society shifted away from the Classical ideals of perfectionism and idolization of the elites and gods in sculpture, artists began to be fixated on illustrating imperfection of a variety of individuals faced with ruthless authenticity of their emotional struggles. Whereas, Classical architecture focused on dedicating massive structures to the gods to emphasize their divinity, but Hellenistic architecture used advanced technology to exemplify Alexander the Great's magnificence. Thus, differences in architecture can be seen in the sophisticated town of Alexandria with structures such as the lighthouse that show how Alexander the Great influenced town planning that was centralized on the creation of a superior city, likewise, The Altar at Pergamon expresses the loss of focus on the divine through unique sculptural techniques. Change can also be seen in the sculptures of The Boxer and The Old Market Woman as they are depicted to be imperfectly individualistic and in emotional distress. Between the Classical period and Hellenistic period, sculptural style change occurred leading to distinguishing features that showcase cultural values of the society. Carrie Tovar, Curator of Art in the College of Public Service and Community Solutions at Arizona State University, discusses in her article, Battered, But Unbeaten: A New Getty Acquisition, how artisans of the Hellenistic period possessed the ability to display the subjects of their pieces with ruthless ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Hellenistic Funerary Iconography Essay In this essay, we are going to discuss how the Hellenistic funerary iconography is different from the Classical period. Due to the space limitation, we will only focus on grave stela and tomb funerary monuments. The conclusion is that the stele's characteristics change considerably through the time, and the pictures inside the funerary tombs evolve to have the typical features of the paintings from the Hellenistic period. The period we will be looking at goes from the start of the Classical period, in the 5th century BC, until the end of the Hellenistic period, the year 31 BC. We will see how the characteristics of the stelae and the tombs changed, and how some characteristics remained quite similar. It was decided to only work with those... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... They were one of the best ways to remember the deceased by how he was. The relatives of the person could build this object to show his qualities, social status and what he did in life. Due to the great number of objects available sometimes can be difficult to see how they evolved through time, however it is possible to see some patterns that happened in different places around the same period. The stele have evolved throughout the years considerably. As the mind of the population changed, the needs to represent certain aspects in the graves were also different. The first important change we are going to look at is the size and shape of the stele. Starting in Asia Minor and Aegean Greece , the stele started to become smaller than the ones that we see in the Classical period. Both in the Classic and Hellenistic period, the deceased are represented in the grave. One important difference is that in the Hellenistic ones, the people are below a naiskos , which is a temple with columns at both sides. This way the stele have both some characteristics from the Classic time and some innovation. This was a very common practice during the Hellenistic period. Some have inscriptions in the upper part of the grave and they often interact with the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Hellenistic Culture Alexander the Great died and Hellenistic culture began. The Hellenistic time period was Greek–like and embodied many of the traditional Greek values, while modernizing the Middle East. During the Hellenistic Period, art, entertainment and athletics flourished. Many temples were built but the customs were altered to become modern and enjoyable. Stadiums and Gymnasiums were also fabricated, which induced a social aspect to the polis'. The agora, public alters, and libraries were new and exciting additions to the Hellenistic Period which united the people and gave the people more opportunities. These attractions began to pop up all over the Hellenistic world, whether the Jews wanted it or not. Previously Judah was on the outskirts of other cultures,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... One of Judaism's crucial values is circumcision which contradicts with the Hellenistic value that the male body is perfect without any modifications. Because of that, Jews had to decide whether to circumcise or participate in the sports in the public stadiums. Many anti–hellenistic Jews living in Jerusalem believed that they should be speaking Hebrew or Aramaic and not Greek. With Hellenism, the Greek language became more prevalent and the Bible even got translated into Greek instead of Hebrew and was called the Septuagint. Hellenizing was overall controversial topic and each side believed their beliefs were there only beliefs. Eventually Antiochus the Fourth begins to rule, and he is a harsh ruler who does not accept the Anti–hellenistic Jews. He transforms all the Jewish altars to Greek altars, which meant that only Greek sacrifices could be made. The Anti–hellenistic Jews grew angrier and angrier, and eventually the Maccabean rebellion and the Civil War began. The Hellenistic Jews and the Seleucids fought against the Maccabim/Hashmonaim. The maccabim utilized gorilla warfare because they were a much smaller force, and that was the only way they had a chance of winning the war. After two years, of brutal fighting the Seleucids give up and say that Maccabim can have Jerusalem, but they will keep the rest. In ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Hellenostic Individualism Vs Hellenistic Individualism In 323 B.C., the Hellenic Humanistic civilization came to an end, and Hellenistic individualism was born. Hellenistic individualism was everything that Hellenic Greece was not. This new time period would be described as "Greekish" because it was not purely Greek in culture (Humanities, 83). Before the Individualistic era began, the civilization was united in language, philosophy and religion, having a strong historical impact that connected them. Hellenistic individualism was created in a time of loneliness and isolation. When the polis were replaced, individualism emerged, because people were searching for continuity, they were searching for identity through the individual (Humanities, 91). I will be contrasting the different viewpoints from Hellenic Age and the Hellenistic Age; focusing on the philosophy of Aristotle, the philosophy of Epicurus and the new art form. The Hellenistic Greek culture is different starting with the shift of the polis to the cities. The new era was a blend of past ideas from the East and West (Messner 10–27–17). Some of these ideas were building on the ideas of the polis, but that goal was not able to be succeeded. For many reasons being, the new state was bigger, diverse and did not have an equal leadership balance (Messner 10–27–17). This resulted in a completely new era where people began to have new perspectives that they did not have before. Their perspective on philosophy, which was heavily impacted by Aristotle, took a huge turn. Unlike ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Hellenistic Analysis Alexander brought to the conquered land the Greeks, and with them the Greek culture. The people of these lands had to adapt to the changing views and adopted the Greek language in order to better understand each other. However, Hellenism was the blending of different cultures, like Egyptian, Persian, Indian and the Greeks, that would bring diversity to these conquered lands. A city becoming Hellenised meant that the locals had come into contact with the Greeks and knowledge of the Greek culture, language and literature. In conjunction with philosophers, who views of religion, was somewhat outside the normal views, meaning that they challenged the significance of religious views, perhaps in an attempt to undermine these new religions. Hellenic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This is not to say that they liked the Greeks in their lands. However, there were Jews who liked the idea of the Greek culture, and adopted parts of the Greek culture into their own culture. The more traditional Jews found the Greeks offensive, with men strutting around naked in the gyms for all to see, and it was against the Jewish laws to be seen naked. Because of their nakedness the Jews could also see that some men were uncircumcised, which was again offensive to the Jewish society for they considered them as unclean and impure. Furthermore, the Greeks ability to make better deals and profit also upset the Jews. Not only that, but they further disliked the fact that the Greeks spilling swine blood for sacrifices to their Pagan Gods, especially when swine was taboo in the Jewish culture. Another thing to consider too was that the more extreme Jews, did not like the idea of their brethren taking on a more Hellenistic lifestyle, as they were scared that their God would punish them for such an act. Eventually they rebelled against the Hellenistic way due to Antiochus IV stealing from their sacred temple and forcing the Jewish people to make sacrifices to the Pagan Gods. However, this is not to say that all opposed ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. The Rise Of The Hellenistic Age The way the Greeks ran their city–states was second to none. So it was only fitting that other society's tried to mimic what the Greeks were doing, and so a man by the name of Alexander the great, who was eager to start his own age created the Hellenistic age. Hellenistic means "literally imitating the Greeks; the era after the death of Alexander the Great when Greek culture spread into the Near East and blended with the culture of that region." (Spielvogel, 94) Even though Alexander the great set the foundation for the Hellenistic age it truly began to take form after his death. So many of these cities played such a crucial role in the success of the Hellenistic Kingdoms. After Alexander's death there were four major Hellenistic monarchies ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Similarities And Differences Between Ancient And... There are subtle stylistic differences that occur in the Piombino Apollo that make it more advanced than the archaic kouros, which lead many scholars to distinguish this statue as Hellenistic rather than Archaic. The modelling of the back is one of the biggest alterations that occurs between actual kouros from the archaic period and the Piombino Apollo. The back of the statue is much more artistically advanced than the front regarding modelling (Ridgway 1967: 48). The subtle modelling of the muscular structures and ridges of the spine of the back suggest the desired realism of the Hellenistic era, instead of the basic and ridged 'idealized' form found in the archaic period (Ridgway 1967: 48). More subtle differences between a true archaic sculpture and a retrograded Hellenistic sculpture are also present in this statue in other areas, such as the feet. On most kouros, the feet are high arched, but on the Piombino Apollo, they are small and flat (Ridgway 1967: 49). Also the toes are a discrepancy between the two eras. Usually "archaic statues have [the toes] aligned with the central part of the other foot" (Ridgway 1967: 49) in a very geometric fashion. However, the toes on the right foot of the Apollo do not align with the middle of the left foot, and instead align with the left heel (Ridgway 1967: 49). As stated earlier, the hair is a defining feature in archaic kouros and it is typically flat and in a bulky beaded shape to best attempt to represent the different ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. Analysis Of Rolf Strootman, Courts And Elites In The... In Rolf Strootman's, Courts and Elites in the Hellenistic Empires, he discusses the Kingdoms of the Hellenistic era, there courts, how kingdoms were developed, the importance of military might, emphasis of the king as a war hero, king viewed as a liberator of cities and the development of diplomatic relations with the cities that are being governed by the kings.1 Strootman looks at three kingdoms to explain how the kingdoms in this empire function, they are the Ptolemies, Antigonids, and the Seleukids. In these empires, Strootman explains how the kingdoms were mostly nomadic, in the way that the court would constantly move around and follow the king where ever he went.2 So Strootman makes the case that the courts were not defined by a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Kingdoms in this era were subject to imperial claims (other than by the emperor), making the role of emperor not absolute and in constant struggle to maintain control over, through negotiations or confrontations.5 In this book, Strootman elaborates on how there are two essential diagrams for exposing political assertiveness during the Hellenistic period shedding light on the function of imperialism, the first describes the court as a political structure used to assert power but this idea is rivaled with the importance of the theater and the important role it played in to support the role of the king and his court against the courts of others. The other is describing capital and cities as tools of a power play made by those of power (the king and his courtiers).6 These arguments as Strootman exposes to the reader that based off of the ideas of Norbert Elias, Jurgen von Kruedener and Charles Tilly, we are able to better understand the function of court during this era.7 Kruedener as mentioned by Strootman explains how the role of favor with the king was vital to the attainment of power within the kingdom, disbursement of land holdings, duties of offices and this was all done through exposure before the king through the instrument of court. Although the king and his court ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. Hellenistic Monks A monastic community is a place where women or men live out vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity. The monks of Norcia are an international community with a median age of 36. This brotherhood unites them to one to another by their common search for God. The three characteristics of a monastery are prayer, observance, and liturgical life. Described by the Rule of St. Benedict, the full Divine Office (Liturgy of the Hours) marks hours of the day dedicated to the prayer life of the monks. Additional prayers such as the Jesus Prayer, the Rosary, Eucharistic Adoration, and Lectio Divina Prayers add to the daily round of Mass and Offices as spiritual nourishment. Aspects of observance are St. Benedict's fast, chanting of the Office, the observance of silence, and abstinence from meat. Monks foster the " reconciliation in the heart of the Church" through the careful celebration of the liturgy. The liturgy is the public prayer of the Church that celebrates what God has done for them. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Benedict said, "Keep death daily before your eyes." St. Benedict's saying refers to more than physical death, but also death to self. A monk is called to this daily, such as leaving family, friends, and home. Through prayer and daily conversion, the monks die to self and remain hidden or forgotten. They observe the many rules of Saint Benedict's outline for monastic life, dependability to prayer, vigil, and fasting. The beauty of the Church's liturgical tradition communicates the peace of Christ to the rest of world. The Rule of Saint Benedict is a book of precepts written by Benedict of Nursia for monks living under an abbot. It is summed up in the motto of the Benedictine Confederation: ora et labora, which means pray and work. This rule has been used by Benedictines for fifteen centuries. The model for the monastic life is based on a family, with the abbot as father and all monks as ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. Summary: The Hellenistic Period The Hellenistic period occurred from 323–31 BC and brought forth a new idea of passion in art. This historical time period succeeded the Classical Era of Ancient Greece, where sculptures were made for an idealistic perfection. However, during the Hellenistic art period, sculptures endured a stylistic change. Artists no longer felt required to portray people as ideals of beauty or physical perfection. Sculptors took inspiration from pathos and drama to display exaggerated, dramatic, emotion–filled, more realistic pieces of art. They used common and holy people as subjects for sculpture, and used marble, sometimes stone, to create and depict their expressive character. Some of the most well know art sculptures that came from the Hellenistic period were: LaocoГ¶n and His Sons, The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As Rodin's fame grew, he crafted and designed more statues like The Thinker (1902), The Kiss (1889), and The Three Shades, all of which were part of The Gates of Hell. Similar to The Three Graces, Rodin amplified the idea and feeling of strength, in The Three Shades, by multiplying the existing figures and forms. Both sculptures embraced distinctive character and personal physicality by focusing on key details of the model's disposition. The artists also excelled in sculpting realistic and raw features by having their subject be undressed or nude. Hellenistic sculpture expanded the range of subjects artists could represent, and had a great impact on modern art. Artists became more technically skilled in illustrating facial expressions to convey a myriad of emotions, and accomplish a loose effect. It was the freedom and creativity with which Rodin used these practices that not only made him the acclaimed artist he was, but relate similarly to sculptures from the Hellenistic ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30. Changes In The Hellenistic Period As a result of the Greeks spreading throughout many regions following Alexander the Great's conquests, the Hellenistic period saw old ways of thinking replaced with new ideas that reflected changes in society and the blending of diverse cultures that had now been exposed to one another. As Greek language and lifestyle swept through Egypt and West Asia, and major cultural hubs like Alexandria came to prominence, the Greek way of life had a profound effect on these distant lands, just as their own exotic customs and histories similarly affected Greek thought and culture. This, along with the changing political climate in these regions, led to a period of immense advancement in philosophical and religious discourse that would forever change the course of history and pave the way for the birth of Christianity. The three most significant catalysts for change in Hellenistic religion were the exposure of diverse cultures to one another, the vast changes in political and societal life during this period, and the shifts in philosophy and religious thought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the Hellenistic period, philosophy became very popular and was often treated as a religion (Noble 104). By replacing a lot of mythological ideas with philosophical ones, people could become more focused on their own pursuits of happiness and self–fulfillment and less concerned with the ideologies of the gods. It makes sense that philosophies would become more individualistic at this time, since the societies had dropped the concepts of democracy and the collective whole. Those who still believed in gods often chose gods who were relevant to the contemporary issues of the time. Classical Athenian religion upheld the standards of the democratic society but the religions in the Hellenistic period addressed the new spiritual concerns that resulted from all of the rapid changes to society (Noble ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. Hellenistic Period Essay This paper will look at the political including economic, and cultural and social developments during the Hellenistic period. I personally found that there are many positive developments; whereas the least positive development I found were the multiple wars that ravaged the Hellenistic civilization especially the Wars of the Successors (322 – 275 B.C.). Many economic developments came about during the Hellenistic period, historians state that it was second in terms of magnitude to the Commercial and Industrial Revolutions of the modern era. Several important events led to these economic developments: firstly, the opening up of the vast trade area from the Indus River to the Nile as a result of the Alexandrian conquests; secondly, the price... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This is a similar strategy China adapts today with their two currency system to ensure the competitiveness of their products. This policy not only controls trade, but generates foreign currency reserves and revenue for the government. Even in terms of art exaggerated realism, sensationalism, and voluptuousness are seen in architecture today, especially in countries such as the Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, with the Museum of Islamic Art, Burj Khalifa, Jeddah Tower which all symbolize power and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. The Contributions Of Pragmatism In The Hellenistic Period It was only after Alexander's conquest of the Greek homeland that classical ideas were put under pressure by a changing political climate and social disruption, eventually causing the expanding Greek world to turn to pragmatism and realism. The ensuing Hellenistic period saw a move towards practical applications of scientific knowledge and art styles reflecting the more complex emotions familiar to Hellenistic Greeks. However, despite changing attitudes, the ingenuity and technical proficiency of Greek individuals was generally undiminished. In mathematics, for example, Euclid (365–300 BCE) wrote 13 groundbreaking books on geometry that continued to be used until the late 19th century and "virtually invented classical (Euclidean) geometry as we know it" (Mastin, pars. 3). Archimedes, a 3rd–century BCE mathematician from Syracuse, made significant practical advances in the field of physics, inventing the compound pulley and the Archimedean screw; he famously stated, "give me a fulcrum, and I'll shift the Earth," affirming his faith in applied science (Cary, 349). Early biologists and naturalists of the Hellenistic period increasingly sought applications in medicine, which vastly improved medical care (Cary, 351). Astronomy also saw advances in practical knowledge from figures such as Eratosthenes, who calculated the circumference of the Earth, and Hipparchus, who determined the length of the moon's orbit to within one second (Violatti (a), pars. 9). Architecture, once held up ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Hellenistic School Hellenistic is the period beginning when the military campaigns of Alexander the Great conquered territories were infused with Greek culture including philosophy, language, art, and religion. After Alexander died, the Greek dynasties that were divided among his generals were soon conquered by the Romans. They then adapted the Greek culture and spreading it among their Empire. While then, Athens continue following Plato's, Aristotle's, and several new Hellenistic schools as a philosophical. The new schools started out still continue to discuss the same issues of nature. Yet, it was eventually added a therapeutic element, offering accounts for how to attain happiness. Each Hellenistic school then started to develop their own idea of what it would take for mankind to achieve eudaimonia, happiness. The concept they came to will include Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism, and Cynicism. Epicureanism came from Epicurean school and was founded by Epicurus. He adapted the Atomistic views of Democritus saying that happiness will only achieve through pleasure and it will be better to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The greatest happiness was to reach a state of mind where fear and pain are nonexistent and to have certain pleasures. That will declare that the only good there is will be of pleasure. The absence of pain will be the greatest pleasure and can advocates a simpler life. In the Epicurean view, the highest pleasure which is the freedom from fear was obtained by friendship, living a virtuous life and having knowledge. One of the examples he gave was "when eating, one should avoiding eating too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later on" because, in the realization of that, one could not afford the same delicacies in the future. Epicurus categorized pleasure and pain into three main criteria which are: intensity (strength of the feeling) duration (length of the feeling) and purity (pleasure unaccompanied by ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Hellenistic Art The Silk Road had established a long and interesting history with trade, that enabled many different cultures to have connections. These connections have had an influence on clothing, architecture, music, art and sculptures. After the conquest of Gandhara by Alexander the Great, the classical world of Roman art influenced these region's taste with a new look for art and sculptures. Alexander's expansion into northwest Pakistan changed the approach in creating Bodhisattva sculptures, taking on the influence of the Hellenistic features. Furthermore, with the connections between the Roman Empire and the Kushans being exploited commercially and artistically, benefiting both establishments. The classical traditions of Roman dramatically changed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Gandhara's sculptures range in many different shapes and size. These consist of Bodhisattva torsos, heads, and even rock reliefs. In the earlier Kushan period, the head sculptures had traces of an adorned look and feel to it but was still pretty simplified. They displayed the sculpture relatively flat on the front and the back of the head with open eyes and the fleshy lips. A suggestion of braiding around the forehead gives the sense of the Bodhisattva wearing a turban, and of course the heavy spiral earrings. All these features appeared around the first century. The knowledge of Stanislaw J. Czuma stated, "the sharp , angular details of the upper portion of this head relate it to sculptural developments in the late second century, the lower half of the face with its pliant surfaces and ample curves of the lips" (83). This is showing the changes in details and form that the Bodhisattva sculptures are beginning to show as time goes into the next century. Then in 330 B.C., Alexander the Great conquered northwest Pakistan with his indo–Greek kings who succeeded him, and brought in the classical traditions to this region. The Bodhisattva sculptures can be seen with contrapossto, naturalism, drapery, and curly hair are distinctive traits of the Hellenistic ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. The Hellenistic Period: The Boxer At Rest The Hellenistic period is a time where the greek influence expanded widely. During this period the artwork became extremely naturalistic with a lot more expression with showing various emotions. Many artists in this time period were no longer interested in showing the subjects as ideals of beauty, instead they were now focused on representing the true character of that particular subject. The embodiment of the subject's character, naturalism, and series of emotion is what made the Hellenistic period have the most influence on the artwork in the modern world that we live in today. The Hellenistic Period started in 323 BC with the death of Alexander the Great. When Alexander the Great died he left behind an empire lacking a successor. Therefore it was up to the old commanders to figure out what would happen to the kingdom next. The old commanders decided to divide the kingdom amongst themselves. As a result of the divide they fought many different wars for the next three decades called the Wars of the Diadochi. They did this in attempt to restore the broken kingdom. The first of the Diadochi wars started when... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The Boxer at Rest sculpture is believed to have been created within the periods of 330 to 50 BCE. This is a Hellenistic Greek sculpture of a sitting boxer while he is still wearing his leather hand–wrap. The boxer has many characteristics that are significant to the Hellenistic period such as curly hair and a full beard. The Boxer at Rest shows how the work comes from a time where there is a movement away from idealised depictions of the human body and youthfulness. The sculpture also shows exploration of emotional themes with greater realism. The statue is made out of bronze showing the boxer with a scarred and bruised face, broken nose, a mouth that suggests broken teeth and cauliflower ears. In the Hellenistic period it was also very common for sculptures to be nude as well as in the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. Hellenistic Misconceptions SYNOPTIC COMPARISON OF THE TEXTS Now that we have uncovered some of the significance of the location of the text both in relation to the surrounding narratives, and geographically it is time to look at each of the accounts, and how they compare to one another. The account of the miracle in Mark is the longest, and most detailed of the three, and I will be exploring it first. Luke's account is very similar to Mark's, and in fact it is believed that Luke used Mark as the sole source for his account of the story, and simply changed the language possibly changing the meaning, and focus of the text for his Gospel , so I will look at his narrative second. Finally Matthew is the shortest, and least detailed account of this narrative containing some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In verse 2, and 3 the word ОјОЅО·ОјОµОЇП‰ОЅ is used meaning among the tombs . In verse 5 however a different word is used. ОјОЅО®ОјО±ПѓО№ОЅ meaning as it is translated simply tomb . Making note of this distinction is important because if we look at the literal meaning of the translation of the word used in verses 2, and 3 we get a clearer picture of the condition of the demon possessed man. The first word that is used to describe the tomb emphasizes the fact that the man lived among the dead . I find this linguistic point interesting because it is an instance where our English language is not adequate to describe what the author was trying to convey in his text. When we look at the underlying meaning of the two separate words, and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying meaning of the first we get a more powerful picture of the circumstances that this demon possessed man was in. Aside from living among the tombs the man also suffered in other ways due to his demon possession. One example of this is 5:5 "Night and day among the tombs and on the mountain he was always howling and bruising himself with stones." (NRSV) these two examples of the miserable state of the mans life are an illustration of the power that evil can have over a person . Understanding the extent of the power that the evil demon had over the man makes the illustration of the power that Jesus has over the demon all the more ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Greece Boy With Thorn: The Hellenistic Period How can we connect the new tastes in Hellenistic sculpture with changes in the everyday reality of an average Greek? With the rise of Alexander the Great and the empires of the Hellenistic period, the Greek world dramatically changed. No longer did the average citizen's life play a role in the administration and leadership of the state. This shift in the citizen's importance shines through the sculptures of the Hellenistic period as other facets of the human experience began to dominate the minds of the average Greek. The habitat of man was no longer the polis as Greece was dominated by the empires of the Hellenistic period. Throughout this essay, I will go through different Greek sculptures and discern how they represent a changed Greece ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This sculpture focuses on the life of a child and the problems associated with child–like behavior, an aspect of life not commonly explored in Classical Greek sculpture. Curiosity is often associated with children, and in both adults and children, curiosity is likely to get you into trouble. However, as this statue shows, when your curiosity gets you a 'thorn' in your foot, the best thing to do is pluck it out without fear as the boy's face does not express concern or distress demonstrating that the 'thorn' is not a grave danger. The lack of seriousness in the problems theGreeks of the Hellenistic period faced is captured in this sculpture. During Classical Greece, when the average citizen participated in matters of state, therefore had to face serious issues, this sculpture would have never been created. The average citizen would not be able to relate to the plight of a child, as their problems were far graver, but again with the loss of political power, the Greeks gained levity to their lives. Further exploring other avenues of the human experience, men's relationship with women is personified. The statue of Aphrodite, Pan, and Eros is of a subject matter uncommon during the Classical period. The Goddess is much more exposed, with only one hand being used to cover herself. Aphrodite appears to be holding a sandal to smack away the Satyr, however, she does not show negative emotions on her face. Eros appears between the two, grabbing the Satyr by the horns, just as lust grips the mind. The expression of male lust towards women becomes a more important part of Greek life as that portion of life becomes more significant. The Satyr type of man, as opposed to the Olympic athlete, became a better representation of the average Greek as these 'men' chased after women who were able to swat them away without much thought due to the fact that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Hellenistic Skepticism Analysis This essay will be exploring the Hellenistic Philosophical movement of Skepticism in its beginnings in academia as well as the teachings and positions of Pyrrhonist skeptics. Hellenistic skepticism at its core is striving to "Suspended judgment", as well as question the basis of truth. In accordance to this proverbial philosophical quest for truth, the Hellenistic skeptic would take a different path compared to their contemporary schools of the thought, by negating perceptual belief, and not affirming anything. To these ancient skeptics this will lead the philosopher down the path to "Suspended Judgement" in which, they seek. This "Suspended Judgement" will bring tranquility to the mind or at least these ancient Pyrrhonist skeptics believed this to be so, thus this being the key reason why this is the central goal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Arcesilaus core tenants of thought are as followed "(i) his dialectical method, (ii) discussion of whether there is a criterion of truth, and (iii) his defense of the skeptic's ability to act."(SEP) Arcesilaus often uses the same dialectical method that was originated with Socrates, however Arcesilaus took the skeptical approach to this method with the goal to weed out "Dogmatic" justifications and conclusions on reality. His criterion of truth, which often was in objection to the stoic tradition, as well as most other Hellenistic schools of thought, besides of course the cynics. However, the skeptic's approach to truth is that of trying to gain the most objective answer, often by refuting arguments made earlier in order to see all sides of the question, thus having no true answer but instead a multitude of ideas that the Hellenistic skeptic would is both true but also false. Arcesilaus would also argue that there could not be a criterion of truth. Often arguing against the stoic claim of "Cognitive impressions" for the skeptics. His main disagreement is if there is impressions of this type. Due to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. The Hellenistic Era "She was born with a bow in hand." They'd always say. As I would stride past them on cobblestone pathways, my instrument case hefty on my arm, I could hear them muttering and mumbling to themselves. "They say she's the daughter of Apollo. I can see it in her face, look at the jawline!' "She's so lucky to be the daughter of a god..." "I hear her eyes look just like the sun's rays. They say she even has a tinge of orange in them!" Oh, yes. They always talked. They gossiped just like housewives did, out on the streets and in the wheat fields and in the apple orchards. That is why, whenever I walked down the wide cobblestone path, the subject of their endless wishful desires, they never saw me. I always laughed when I thought of how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As the wind brushed the back of my dress, I turned around to overlook the waves of golden ocean, pouring into the small town I called home. But, my eyes became fixed on the sun. It was so wonderful, so beautiful as it rose out of its slumber in the mountains. I always felt the sun's warmth on my cloudy white dress, and I loved how it always felt like my father's hugs. "Um, hello? Will you stop staring at the sun already? You're going to burn your eyes right out of your head, Diantha! The festival's going to be over by the time you get inside!" A snarky voice snapped behind me. "Oh, be patient, Byron. Your laurel will burn if you keep on overheating." I brushed her aside, knowing all too well it made her angry. "I will personally call your dad from the clouds to come stop you, Diantha! No, no no, actually, I'll call your mom so maybe she can deflate that balloon you've got for a head!" "Grr, could you tone it down a bit? I'm trying to get in an extra 3 minutes..' a muffled voice came from my case. "Oh, look at that! You woke Amilluxe. I can't even do that." I placed the silk case on the marble floor, colored by the sun's reflection on the large
  • 40. stained glass mural at the back of the structure, opening it up very carefully. In the bed of black wool, lay a white viola, with a white bow to match. I grabbed the neck of the instrument ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...