2. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumps
Purpose
The intra-aortic balloon pump consists of a long inflatable balloon 26-
28cm in length surrounding the distal end of a centrally placed catheter.
It is used in the setting of cardiogenic shock to enhance cardiac function.
3. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumps
Access and Placement
The balloon pump is introduced via the femoral artery and advanced
retrograde into the thoracic aorta. The balloon is ideally situated with the
tip located just distal to the left subclavian artery at the level of the aortic
arch. Such placement ensures maximal augmentation of diastolic
pressures in the proximal aorta. Inflation of the balloon during diastole
increases diastolic pressure, enhancing perfusion of the coronary
arteries and oxygen delivery to the myocardium. Deflation of the balloon
during systole creates a vacuum within the vessel lumen, decreasing
ventricular afterload and enhancing forward blood flow.
The following radiograph demonstrates an IABP in the proper position.
