geography edexcel regeneration

1. How have functions and demographics of
places changed over time?

2. How has the function changed?

3. How has the function changed?

4. 1. Functional Change over time
• Function refers to the main role(s) an area plays for
its community. Some larger urban areas offer more
than one function.
• Functions may grow, disappear and change over
time.

5. Task: Match the function to its
definition.4 key functions
Administrative
Commercial
Retail
Industrial
In this zone, shops are available, selling a range of goods to
customers.
The area includes local authority offices who run the local
services. Can also include national government offices and the
monarchy
In this zone, goods are manufactured in factories. Air and noise
pollution tend to be high.
The area contains shopping centres and recreation facilities
such as sports centres and cinemas which provide services for
people.

6. Rural functional change?

7. Rural functional change?

8. Rural functional change?

9. Rural functional change?

10. Urban functional change?

11. Urban functional change?

12. Urban functional change?

13. Urban functional change?

14. Function changes in the UK
Rural
• Loss of shops and pubs
• Growth of commuter villages,
decline of agricultural
employment, growth of tourism
• Pubs may double up as shops,
community centres etc.
• Farm diversification
Urban
• Historically large towns and cities
had key admin functions –
courts, banks, local government.
Grew mainly as result of
Industrial revolution.
• Deindustrialisation – especially of
northern cities
• Growth of retail and leisure – out
of town shopping
• Online shopping – loss of shops
and banks
• Towns compete to become retail
destinations – co-locate with
restaurants for retail experience

15. 2. Demographic Change over time
• What is this
called?

16. 2. Demographic Change over time
• UK
population
pyramid
• What trends
are taking
place?
• Analyse local
data here

17. 2011 Census population headlines
• Population up 7% since 2001. 9.0% in urban but
only 2.5% in rural areas
• 16% are 65 or over (an increase of 0.9 million).
• 37% of Londoners born in foreign country (5% in
the North East)
• White ethnicity decreased from 91.3% to 86%.
• Average age for rural area is 45 and in urban it is
37.
• Rise in youth unemployment as fewer employment
opportunities for graduates.

18. Demographic structural change
• Areas can be taken over by certain groups or types
of people. E.g. Gentrification and studentification

19. Gentrification
• Gentrification is the arrival of wealthier people in an
existing urban district, a related increase in rents and
property values, and changes in the district's character
and culture.
• Often old run down inner city areas are attractive to the
young upwardly mobile – these areas are transformed
into “bohemian hotspots” eg Brixton – consequently
these areas see huge increases in property prices. HERE
• Is gentrification a curse or a blessing?

20. Studentification
• Growth of Universities led
to hotspots of students
• eg some residential areas of
Exeter have over 25%
students
• Can cause conflict –
antisocial behaviour
• Can distort local property
market
• Problems in Swansea? HERE

21. Homework
• Interview an elderly friend/relative
• How has their local area changed?
• 250 words