Dr. T.S. Aghora discusses improved seed production technologies for legume vegetable crops such as french bean, vegetable cowpea, garden pea, and others. He notes that the area and production of legume vegetables in India is low compared to total vegetable production. He then provides details on popular varieties, production practices including soil type, temperature, spacing, inputs, and fertilizer use for key legume vegetables. Major production constraints like diseases and pests are described along with management options. Techniques for seed production of french beans and peas are also summarized.

1. Dr. T .S . Aghora ,
Principal Scientist
Division of Vegetable Crops
Aghora. TS@icar.gov.in Phone :9986100079
Improved Seed Production Technologies in Legume
Vegetable Crops

2. Area and production
• Area under legume vegetables amounts to 7.2 percent of total
vegetable area in the country and its share in total production
is 2.42 per cent.
• Productivity is low.
crop Area
(l ha)
Production
(lt)
Productivit
y t/ha
French bean 2.2 6.20 2.80
Vegetable Cowpea
0.58 4.90 8.44
Garden pea,
3.10 24.8 8.00
Others (dolichos bean, cluster
bean etc, 0.89 3.25 3.65
Legume vegetables Total 6.77 39.15 5.78
FAO- 2015 and NHB data base

3. French bean (French bean (Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgaris L.) is anL.) is an
important legume vegetable grown for its tenderimportant legume vegetable grown for its tender
green pods.green pods.
In India it is grown in an area of 2.2 lakh ha. withIn India it is grown in an area of 2.2 lakh ha. with
production of 6.2 lakh metric tonnes and theproduction of 6.2 lakh metric tonnes and the
productivity is 2.8 t/ha.productivity is 2.8 t/ha.
 In Karnataka, it is grown in 10000 ha with production of
50,000 metric tonnes.

4. Important production techniques
• Soils
Sandy loam is best with pH 6-7.5
• Optimum Temperature:
250
C for germination
24-290
C for growth and development
Above 330
C reduces the flowering and pod formation,
Pods mature early but starchy.
• Season Oct-Nov ( for seeds)

5. Important production techniques cont..
Spacing 60 cm x 10 cm
Inputs
FYM 25t/ha
Neem cake 250kg/ha
Seed 40-45 kg/ha SMR 1:14 for CS
Fertilizer 62:100:75Kg NPK

6. Arka Anoop
Resistant to
both Rust and
Bacterial blight.
Pod yield 19.78
t/ha. in 70 days.
Crisp with less
parchment.
Plants bushy and
photo insensitive
Pods flat, medium
long, 1.5 cm width,
crisp,
stringless.Yield 15
t/ha. in 70 days.
Resistant to Rust
and Bacterial
blight.
A bush, photo
insensitive variety
with pod yield of
17-18 t/ha.
Widely adapted
and has spread in
the bean growing
areas of the
country.
Pods are flat and
stringy.
Arka BoldArka BoldArka KomalArka Komal
Arka Suvidha: podsArka Suvidha: pods
oval stringlessoval stringless
Seville: podsSeville: pods
round stringlessround stringless

7. Major Production Constraints
Root rots
yield loss :25-100 %.

8. Root rots cont..
Fusarium Rhizoctonia
Seed treatment
Bavistine 2.0g/kg seeds
Drenching with Captaf 3g/l
at seedling stage
Phythium

9. Stem fly
At two leaf stage spray phosphomidon or cypermethrin@ 0.5 ml/l

10. Major Production Constraints
• Rust :
yield loss 78 -90 %.
Initial white specks
Reddish brown pustules
Reddish
brown pustules on pod
Diathane M-45,
Plantavax, Tilt
&
RES. VARIETIES

11. Bacterial
blight
Initial symptoms Disease severity
Spray Blitox 3.0g/l + streptocycline 1g/3l
Grow resistant variety: Arka Anoop

12. Field view of the rust resistant Arka Anoop
and the susceptible check
30 DAS 50 DAS

13. Arka Anoop resistant to rust and bacterial blight

14. Arka Anoop resistant to bacterial blight and
Contender, the susceptible check

15. Rust
• Rust infects both bush and
pole type french bean and
cause yield loss to the
tune of 78 -90 % during
Rabi.
• Popular pole type varieties
like NZ, US-2, Kentucky
Wonder, Tweed Wonder,
etc., are susceptible to this
disease.
• Presently there are no
pole type french bean
varieties resistant to rust.
Rust severity in french bean

16. Arka Sukomal
• Plants pole type.
• Takes 60 days for 1st
harvest.
• Resistant to rust (Ur-3)
• Pods green, long (23
cm), oval and
stringless
• Ten pod weight:87 g
• Yield potential :30 t/ha
in 100 days

17. Viruses: MYMV
Arka Sharath -IIHR

19. Arka
Arjun in
farmers
field
Arka
sharath in
farmers
field in
Shimoga
Tq

20. • Anthracnose
yield loss 38 -98 %.
Brown to black lesions
Gray brown
Sunken cankers/
lesions
Seed treatment
Bavistine 2.0g/kg seeds
Diathane M-45-3g/l
Benomyl 0.5g/l
Resistant- Kailash (IIPR)

21. Bacterial blight

22. Viruses: MYMV
Cypermethrin or phosphomidon 0.5ml/l

23. Incidence of MYMV under field conditions
Resistant breeding line and tolerant varieties

24. BCMV
Cypermethrin or phosphomidon 0.5ml/l
Res- IIPR 96-4

25. anupama Neville SevilleArka Anoop
Arka Sharath
Arka Arjun

26. Techniques for french bean seed
production
• Highly self pollinated cliestogamous
flower.
• Season : October sowing
• Isolation : 10 m
• Rogueing : two times, at flowering and pod
formation stages
• Harvesting : fully matured dry pods
• Threshing and cleaning: broken, under
sized, diseased seeds to be removed.

27. Cont….
• Sieve size: for french bean : 4.35 to 4.75 mm
SMR-1:12 BS- FS
1:14 FS –CS
Seed yield -1500-1800 kg /ha

28. Pea : Area and production: 0.3 m ha and 3.8 m t.0.3 m ha and 3.8 m t.
Season and Temperature : 15 to 2515 to 25 OO
CC
Oct – Nov. in plains.Oct – Nov. in plains.
Feb-March in hillsFeb-March in hills
Soils
Well drained sandy loam soil is suitable. ExcessWell drained sandy loam soil is suitable. Excess
moisture results in poor growth and root rot.moisture results in poor growth and root rot.
pH of 6.0 – 7.5 is ideal.pH of 6.0 – 7.5 is ideal.
Varieties
Maturity groups
Early (45 days)(45 days)
Mid season (60 days )
Late (80-85 days)

29. Varieties
Early
Arkel, Jawahar Matar 3, Jawahar Matar 4, Pant Matar 2, Pant Sabji Matar 3,
Hissar Harit, Harbhajan, Asauji, Alaska, Meteor, Early Badger, Little Marvel, VL
7.
Mid-season
Arka Ajit, Arka Karthik, Bonneville, Jawahar Matar 1 to 6, JP 4, 19, and 83,
Pant Uphar, Pant Nagar Matar 2, Azad pea, Narendra vegetable pea 1, Lincoln,
and
PRS 4.
Late - Magadi local
Spacing : 30 X 10 Early 60 x 10 and 100 x 10
Seed rate/ha. : 75 – 100 kg/haSeed rate/ha. : 75 – 100 kg/ha
Farm yard manure /ha. : 25 tFarm yard manure /ha. : 25 t
Fertilizer /ha. : N 50, P 75 and K 60Fertilizer /ha. : N 50, P 75 and K 60

30. Arka Ajit Arka Karthik Arka Sampoorna
Rust+ PMR Rust+ PMR Whole pod edible
Peas
IPS-8: HT line IPS 1-1: HT line

31. ARKA AJIT

32. Arka Karthik

33. Arka Priya Arka Pramodh
Rust+ PMR
12 t/ha-90 days
Peas
Rust+ PMR
12 t/ha-90 days

34. Arka Apoorva: Whole pod edible dual purpose mid season pea
Variety MR to PM & Rust resistant

35. Powdery mildew and Rust

36. Arka Ajit Azad pea

37. Arka Ajit and Bonneville

38. Techniques for french bean seed
production
• Highly self pollinated homogynous flower.
• Season : October sowing
• Isolation : 10 m
• Rogueing : two times, at flowering and pod
formation stages
• Harvesting : fully matured dry pods before
shattering
• Threshing and cleaning: broken, under
sized, diseased seeds to be removed.

39. Thank you