recommendation for best productivity and protection of rice crop in India

1. Paddy Crop -Protection

2. Bio Gold
– Pure Sea weed Extract
– Contains Naturally
Occurring Hormones and
Nutrients
– Break dormancy, Higher
Germination and vigorous
seedling growth leading to
early etablishment.
– Leads to Better Production
and Product Quality
– Helps Plant overcome
Stress
– To be applied as Seed
Dressing or sprayed in
standing crop at 40-45 DASDosage
Seed Dressing - 1 gm per kg seed
Spraying - 150-200 gm per acre

3. Root-o-Max Gold
Root-o-Max Super Gold
– Balanced Mix of Sea weed
Extract, amino Acids, humic
acids, Micronutrients for
Rapid growth of plant
– Soil Conditioner that
enhances the soil structure
for better aeration, Enhance
the nutrient absorption
capacity of the plant and
leads to higher production of
superior quality.
– Provides the right mix of
nutrients for growth and
Productivity. Dosage- 4-6 Kg Per Acre

4. Picaso Gold
– Chelated mix of
Micronutrients
– Corrects the Nutrient
Deficiency in the plants,
thus ensuring healthy
growth and protection
against deficiency diseases.
– Aids the Plant in abiotic
Stress tolerance
– Better results can be
obtained with application
of Bio Gold
Dosage 250-300 ml per acre

5. Indomycorrhiza
Mycorrhiza denotes one or a combination
of Root Associated Fungi that form
Symbiotic relationship with the plant
roots, while the plant provides them with
Glucose, they act as extended arms of the
plant roots to help fetch Available Soil
Nutrients , especially Phosphorus for the
plant
Advantages to the farmer
– For Higher Fertiliser Use Efficiency, Soil
Conditioning, PH control
– Recognised as a fertiliser.
– Better long term conditioning of soil,
Saving of Fertiliser to the farmer
Dosage- 4 Kg per acre

6. Productivity enhancement
@150-200 ml /Acre
At Panicle Initation Stage
@1 Kg per acre
At 30-40- DAT, repeat at 65 DAT

7. Enhancing Spray Coverage and
Effectiveness
Silicone based superior
super spreader
Spreads spray solutions for
superior coverage and
penetration, thus ensuring
effectiveness of the
agrochemicals.
Ensures saving of
Agrochemicals, water and
Labour
Can be used for enhancing
Irrigation effectiveness @
150 ml per acreDosage- 1 ml per 3 Lit Water

8. Area and Yield of
Rice in Major States
State Area
(Mill. ha)
Area
(Mill. acre)
Yield
(Kg/ha)
Yield
(Kg/acre)
West Bengal 6.07 15.1 2514 1005.6
Uttar Pradesh 5.88 14.7 2120 848
Orissa 4.50 11.2 1589 635.6
Andhra Pradesh 3.83 9.5 2978 1191.2
Chhattisgarh 3.73 9.3 1374 549.6
Bihar 3.57 8.9 1480 592
Assam 2.53 6.3 1524 609.6
Punjab 2.49 6.22 3545 1418
Tamil Nadu 2.11 5.27 3263 1305.2
Madhya Pradesh 1.76 4.4 948 379.2
Punjab 2.8 7.0 4010
1604
Haryana 1.2 3.0 3008 1203.2

9. MAJOR WEEDS
INSECT PESTS
&
DISEASES OF RICE

10. Post Emergent Weed Management
Orion Gold
effectively controls grasses, sedges and broad leaf weeds
infesting rice crop
It has wide application window and can be used in early
post emergent segment
Recommendation for use
Nursery: 10-12 days of sowing for nursery rice
Transplanted Rice: Within 10-14 days of transplanted rice
when most of the weeds have already emerged and are of
3-4 leaf stage depending upon soil and climatic factors
Direct seeded rice: Optimum time of application is within
15-25 days of the sowing

11. Dosage Per Hectare
Crop Weeds Dosage/Hectare Waiting Period
(days)
a.i (g) Formulation (ml) Water (L)
Rice
(Nursery)
Echinocloacrusgalli,
Echinocloacolonum,
Ischaemumrugosum,
Cyperusdifformis,
Cyperus iria,
Fimbristylismilliacea,
Eclipta alba,
Ludwigiaparviflora,
Monochoriavaginalis,
Alternenthraphiloxeroides
,
Sphinocleazeylanica
20 200 300 Waiting period
has been
redundant as
period
between
sprayand
harvest
has been > 78
days
Rice
(Transplanted)
20 200 300
Rice
(Direct
seeded)
20 200 300

12. Method of Application
1. Remove water from rice field
2. Mix required dosage (80-120 ml per acre) with
adequate quantity of water
3. Use flat fan/ flood jet nozzle for spray and spray
uniformly over the targeted plants
4. Spray mist should cover the foliar parts of weeds at
application
5. Refill the field with water within 2-3 days of
application
6. Maintain standing water of 3-4 cm for a minimum of
10 days

13. Precautions
• Do not spray if the rains are expected
• Do not apply by sand mix technique
• Do not spray without draining out the water
from the field
• Do not tank mix with sulphur and copper
containing pesticides

14. Insect-Pests Management
Yellow Stem borer
Pink Borer
Leaf folder
Brown Plant Hopper
White Backed Plant Hopper
Green Leaf Hopper
Case worm
Gall Midge

15. Table: Paddy Insect-Pests E.T.L.
Name of the Insect Pests Economic threshold level
Brown plant hopper 5-10 hoppers/hill.
Green plant hopper 10-20 hoppers/hill.
White back plant hopper 10-20 hoppers/hill.
Rice Hispa 1-2 adults/hill.
Stem borer One egg mass/sq.mt. or 5% dead hearts.
Gundhi bug 1-2 bugs/hill.
Gall midge One silver shoot/sq.mt.
Armyworm One larvae/hills.
Grasshoppers One number/hill.
Thrips 10 thrips per leaf.
Whorl maggot 20% damaged hills.
Case worm 1-2 cases/hill.
Leaf folder One damaged leaf/hill.

16. YELLOW STEM BORER
Scirpophaga incertulas
(Pyralidae : lepidoptera)
•Occurs in all states of India.
•20-30 % yield loss by YSB
* Monophagous.
* Boro / Rabi and Kharif
paddy suffers more.
•Male & Female moth have
bright yellowish fore- wings.
• Female has a single dark
spot on
the center of fore wings
• Male has several brown
spots.
• Moths are nocturnal.

17. The eggs are laid in masses on
the upper half of leaf and
covered by light brown hair.
2-3 days
9-12 days 5-8 days
Egg mass

18. Damage:
• Eggs laid on leaf tip.
• Newly hatched larvae hang
down by
silken thread.
• Larvae enter the leaf sheath
& feed for
2-3 days.
• Bore into the stem,
5-10 cm above the
water level.
•It feeds on internal
tissues.

19. Damage Symptoms
(a) At vegetative stage:
•Dead Heart.
•No bearing of panicles.
(b) At panicle initiation stage:
• White ear heads
• Chaffy panicle (with unfilled
grains).
DEAD HEART WHITE EARHEAD
• Affected dead hearts/panicles can be easily
pulled out.

20. Pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens)
Pink stem borer is a serious pest in Kharif
crops.
Other hosts include Bajra, Wheat, Paddy
and Sugercane.
This is a minor pest of Paddy.
80-300 pearl like yellow eggs are laid in to
longitudinal rows in sheaths of bottom leaf.
25-30 mm full grown larva is pinkish in
colour.
Larva bores into
central shoots resulting
in drying up of growing
points.
In severe damage
stem breaks

21. MANAGEMENT
Cultural:
1. Destroy the stubbles after harvest.
2. Plant the crop at about same time as of your
neighborhood farmers.
3. Apply judicious dose of nitrogenous
fertilizer in 3 split doses.
Chemical Control :
For nursery:
•Kranti 4G @ 1.0 kg for 500 sq.m nursery at 8-10 days
before up-rooting
For main field:
•KRANTI 4G @ 7.5 kg/acre at 20-30 DAT
• Kranti 4G @ 10 kg./acre (For Basmati)
• Kranti 50 SP- Spray @ 250 g / acre at 50 - 60 DAT

22. Other Controls
300-350 ml
per acre
300-350
ml per
acre
300-350
ml per
acre
100 gm
per acre
70-80 ml
per acre

23. Proper Application in standing water

24. LEAF FOLDER
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
(Pyralidae : Lepidoptera)
Full grown larvae are greenish yellow in
colour.
Larvae infest on young leaves.
They scrap on green leaf tissue as the result
leaves turn whitish.
As the result 10 % yield loss may occurred.
Small brownish- orange moth with two and
half zig - zag lines on fore-wings.
Can be seen flying in the field.
The adult females lay eggs on the leaf blade
near
mid-rib.

25. DAMAGE SYMPTOMS
 The larva folds the leaf by bringing together
the margins of individual or group of leaves.
Larvae scrap the green matter (chlorophyll) from
within the leaf rolls.
Affected leaves develop white
patches & dry-up affecting the crop
growth.
Critical Stage: Panicle initiation
stage leads to serious grain yield
Loss but can appear any time during
the crop period.

26. MANAGEMENT
•Kranti 50 SP @ 250 g / acre
Or
•Baton -4.9% CS@ 250-300 ml / acre
Note: Application of Kranti 4G also
reduces leaf folder incidence.

27. BROWN PLANT HOPPER (BPH)
Nilaparvata lugens
(Delphacidae : Homoptera)
•Major pest in all rice growing areas of India.
•Long winged adults:
-Lays eggs inside the mid-ribs and leaf
sheath.
-Invades the fields.
•Nymphs and adults are wedge shaped.
•The egg period is 7-9 days.
•The nymphs passes through 5 instars in 12-13 days.
•The life cycle is completed in 22 to 26 days.
•The 1st instar nymphs are white, whereas the later
instar are brown.
•The pest has intercontinental migration.

28. Symptoms and damage :
•Both nymphs and adults suck sap from the
basal portion of the plants.
•The affected plants show yellowing of leaves,
in a circular patch known as “Hopper burn”
•Later the entire crop dies up.
•The affected stems become soft and unfit for straw.
•Economic Threshold level is 5-10 hopper/hill.
•B.P.H. can cause 10 -70 %yield loss in paddy crop.
•Insects also release toxins causing viral diseases like:
“Grassy stunt”, “Ragged stunt” & “Wilted stunt”.

29. WHITE BACKED PLANTHOPPER
Sogatella furcifera
(Delphacidae : Homoptera)
* Nymphs are white to dark gray or black and
white in colour.
* Causes damage by sucking plant sap.
* Adults have white strip on their back.
E.T.L. is 10-20 hopper/hill
•Heavy infestation may
cause outer leaves of a hill to
show burn symptom, and can
cause 10-70 % yield loss

30. MANAGEMENT FOR
BPH & WBPH
Cultural Practices:
•Judicious use of nitrogenous
fertilizer.
Chemical Control:
Prophylactic Control-
Twins @ 60 gm per acre at 60 DAS
Direct Control-
Blunt 25%SC @ 320 ml/acre
Lehar- Fenbucarb50 % EC- 300-500
ml/acre
At ETL* of insect

31. GREEN LEAF HOPPER (GLH)
Nephotettix virescens
(Cicadellidae : Homoptera)
• A wide spread pest.
•The nymphs and adults are wedge
shaped and green in colour.
•The adults have a black spot on
each forewing.

32. Damage symptoms
The adults & nymphs of GLH
suck cell sap from leaves.
The affected plants turn yellow and remain
stunted with less number of tillers .
E.T.L. is 10-20 hopper/hill
•They act as a vector and transmit
“Rice Tungro” virus disease also
•Yield loss due to 3-65 %

33. MANAGEMENT :
Blunt
@ 320 ml / acre
Twins @ 40-
60 gm / acre.
oror
Dawn Super
@ 100 ml /
acre.

34. * Infection may starts at seedling stage from
Weeds.
* Symptoms are identified as leaf rot.
* Later on base of seedlings is infected and whole
plant is killed.
• Occurring in all states in transplanted rice.
• Peninsular area is more prone to the
attack.
SHEATH BLIGHT (Rhizoctonia solani)
Major Diseases

35. * Visible damage symptoms appears at tillering stage
* The infected leaf sheath
becomes discolored
at or above water level.
* Large elongated, oblong water
soaked lesions are formed and
finally turn brown to dark brown
which looks like snake skin.
Lesions on leaf sheath of rice
Left : lesions in early stage
Right : lesions in later stage

36. * The pathogen later on infects leaf
blade also and infected leaves give
white blotch appearance.
Spreading lesions to
upper parts
Lesions on leaf blades of rice
Sometimes these lesions are mistaken
for leaf blast.

37. Favorable conditions for sheath blight
1. High temp. during night (23º - 25ºC) &
high RH (> 96%)
2. Cultivation of high yielding and early
maturing varieties.
3. Cultivation of early maturing varieties .
4. Heavy application of fertilizers, specially
of nitrogen.
5. Dense planting of crop.

38. Relationship between
the parts infected

39. Damage caused by Sheath blight
1. Absorption of nutrients and water through
roots is decreased.
2. Diseased rice plants become prone to lodging.
3. Death of whole infected plants occur.
4. During moderate infection 5-10% and during
heavy infection 30-70% yield losses occur.

40. MANAGEMENT
Avoid excess application of Nitrogen.
Apply Remote Power
Captan 70%+Hexaconazole 5% WP
@ 350-400 gm /acre.
Or
Tango Super @ 200 ml per acre
The best time for
1st application at Tillering.
2nd application at booting stage.
3rd application at heading/penicle.

41. BLAST
(Pyricularia oryzae)
• Highly destructive disease of rice.
• Affects all parts of the plant.
• Most conspicuous when attacks leaf
blade and the neck.
• Also attacks other parts like - leaf
sheath, rachis, joints of the culm,
glumes.
Phases of blast depend on crop stage
SEEDLING BLAST
•Highly destructive disease
of rice.
•Early infection in nursery
results in death of affected
Plants.

42. LEAF BLAST
•Spots first appear as minute brown specks,
which later on become spindle/eye shaped.
•Center of the spot is grayish with brownish
margin.
•The several spots later on coalesce and the
whole leaf withers.
•Lower nodes of stem are affected,
which turn black and rot.
•Black & brown spot are seen on the rachis
and glumes.
•The affected culm can be pulled out
(Leading to total yield loss).
NODE BLAST (STEM-INFECTION)

43. NECK BLAST
• The neck tissues are most susceptible to
blast at just ear emerging stage.
• As the result ear heads are broken down.
• The spots are grayish-brown, later turning
to black.
 The affected panicle falls, showing typical
neck phase of the disease (Leading to
total yield loss).
 The neck symptoms may be mistaken for
stem borer damage or sheath blight.
 If attack occurs at grain filling stage,
grains will be partially filled, but the
kernels will be chalky & brittle or may
remain green.

44. FAVOURABLE FACTORS FOR
BLAST INCIDENCE
• Cool Nights (20-24oc)
• High Humidity (>90%)
• Heavy dew formation and foggy weather during early
hours.
• Application of higher doses of nitrogenous fertilizer.
• Upland rice is more susceptible than wetland rice.
• Delayed transplanting / sowing.
• Sandy soil & Cold irrigation water.

45. DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Cultural:
• Early planting
• Judicious use of Nitrogenous
fertilizer.
• Do not allow nursery bed to dry
• No close planting
• Resistant varieties

46. Chemical Control
Apply Sandesh (Isoprothiolene 40% EC)
Dose- 300-400 ml per acre
Time of Application
1. At 60-70 DAT ppr during Panicle
Intiation
2. Repeat at 15 days after I spray or
when disease is visible

47. CHEMICAL CONTROL
Veer-75 WP @ 120-160 g / acre.
•Time of application
•Apply at initial notice of symptoms.
•Just before panicle initiation stage and repeat
after 15 days.

48. Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB)
(Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae)
LEAF BLIGHT STAGE:
•On leaf blades, lesions begin at one or both the
margins and also from tip as yellow to white
water soaked stripes.
•The mature lesions appear straw coloured
with wavy margins.
•Later on the entire leaf may die.
On the surface of young lesions, milky
or opaque dew drops may be observed
in the early morning.
Symptoms

49. • Kresek (wilt) stage:
•Less common but most destructive at seedling stage.
•Appears 1-6 weeks after transplanting.
•Initially plants wilt & finally die.

50. MANAGEMENT :
Drain out the water when 1st symptom occurs
and dry field till cracks developed.
• Stop use of Nitrogenous fertilizers.
• Use of resistant varieties.
Note: Chemical control is not very effective
against BLB.

51. Chemical Control
Bactro Plus Gold @ 60
gm per acre

52. BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK
(Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola)
• Water-soaked to
translucent inter-
venal streaks.
• Run parallel to the
veins.
• The streaks later-on
turn yellow to
orange brown.

53. * Bacterial exudation is observed as yellow
amber coloured drop-lets.
* Bacterium enters the plant through mechanical
injuries or natural cell openings (stomata).
CONTROL : Same as BLB mgt.

54. FALSE SMUT
Ustilaginoidea virens
* More severe in years of high rainfall.
* Symptoms visible only after panicle
emergence.
• At milky stage, grains are
transformed to velvety greenish balls.
* Hybrid paddy varieties and low land
area are more prone.
Favorable conditions for False Smut:
Minimum temp. (20ºC) with RH >92% &
cloudy weather before & during flowering.

55. MANAGEMENT :
Tango Super @200
gm or
Srizol
Application time:
1st at just before the
panicle emergence and
2nd after 15 days

56. BROWN LEAF SPOT
(Helminthosporium oryzae)
•The mature oval spots on
leaves are brown
with gray on white centres.
•Black or dark brown spots
appear on glumes.
• Blackish spots are also found
on grain.
• Economic loss as yield
quality is deteriorated.

57. MANAGEMENT :
• Avoid infected Seeds
• Seed Treatment with
Acer
• Foliar spray with
Acer @ 250-300 g / acre
+
Veer @ 120 gm per acre

58. THANK YOU