We often describe or assess exposures across different types of geop.pdf

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We often describe or assess exposures across different types of geopolitical groups. For example, we might talk about exposure to air pollution across different zip codes, or water quality across different census blocks, or pesticide exposures across different counties. Why do we do this? Are there any limitations to doing this? Solution We can elaborate the limitations of geo-political groups by considering the aid given to neighbouring or developing countries :- .1.The aid given to a developing country can have negative impact on the local communities as aid agencies make certain decisions without considering the social,cultural and environmental needs of the developing or neighbouring country 2.A large amount of the aid money could potentially be spent elsewhere can be used to better the country\'s own economy . Let us now elaborate geo-political groups and their importance. Nowadays Resource Wars, Identity Conflicts, Disinformation, Geostrategic Rivalries, Global Power Shift and increasing number of non-state actors,etc. are rampant and are a common phenomenon and they make it difficult to analyse contemporary international relations.Hence to deal with this problem, the geopolitical approach can be a useful tool, as it takes into account the strategic, historical, geographical, cultural and economic spheres in simplifying the complexity of current and potential future conflicts..

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1 4 Virus Spread Natasha Higdon MHA/507 December 3, 2018 Professor David Stribbards Introduction There are different virus’ that affect people across the world. It can be noted that the increased development of cities has led to the potential risks as well as challenges based on emerging infectious diseases. They have associated many risk factors with the spread of diseases in the US cities. These factors are housing conditions, people’s movement, etc. that has led to a change or proliferation of insect vectors. Other factors that have led to the spread or outbreak of viruses are poor sanitation and insufficient water supply. This has contributed to the comfortable breeding ground for insects, which carry pathogens and another transmitted infection. This paper presents information about a virus outbreak in US cities and prevalence rates based on age. Virus Infections Cities are considered as the perfect hotbed and breeding ground for viruses and the spread of disease as more people move to crowded areas. As the world becomes more urbanized, the more cities will grow or develop; these cities might be kept clean or well maintained. Even though big cities have all the required health care facilities such as a sanitation department, but the moment the population increases the city always outgrows these service. According to the study conducted by Adda, (2016), there is an increased number of people traveling in the US, and this might be the reason for the virus outbreak. The individual cities in the United States have shown different transmission patterns, which are different due to climate variation etc. Figure 1: Virus Prevalence The Figure above presents virus spread according to the age. The findings show that people aged less than years are highly affected by the virus as compared to any other age group. This age group has reported a high number of cases in most cities in the US. The ages least affected are between 19 and 30; this group has a lower number of cases in all cities as compared to any other group. People aged 18 years and less has a high prevalence rate of 0.43 while those aged between 19 and 30 had a prevalence rate of 0.154. The findings imply that younger people are highly affected by virus across all cities in the US. References Adda, J. (2016). Economic activity and the spread of viral diseases: Evidence from high-frequency data. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(2), 891-941. Sustainability 2010, 2, 2626-2651; doi:10.3390/su2082626 sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article The Century Ahead: Searching for Sustainability Paul D. Raskin *, Christi Electris and Richard A. Rosen Tellus Institute, 11 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (C.E.); [email protected] (R.A.R) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-617-266-5400; Fax: +1-617-266-8303. Received: 10 July 2010;.

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