The cell contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and microtubules. The nucleus contains DNA and nucleoli. The endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages proteins, while mitochondria generate energy. Lysosomes digest waste and dead cells, and microtubules give shape to the cell. The plasma membrane surrounds and protects the cell, and the nuclear membrane separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

3. Composition of cell
Cell
Nucleus Cytoplasm
•DNA
•Nucleoli
•Chromatin
•Endoplasmic reticulum
•Golgi apparatus
•Mitochondria
•Centrioles
•Ribosome
•Lysosome
•Microtubules

5. A) CYTOPLASM
1)Cytoplasmic membrane/ plasma
membrane (PM) -
 protects the cell from its environment.
 Separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment
 Act as sieve which having pores on the surface.
 Allow to pass many substance across it.

6. 2) Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle made up of two
subunits –
1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)- ribosome are presents
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).

7. 3) Golgi apparatus
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosome and functions
in lipid synthesis but not metabolism is called Golgi apparatus.
A major function is the modifying, sorting and packaging of proteins for
secretion.
It is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation
of Lysosome.

8. 4) Mitochondria ( Power house of cell)
FUNCTION-
 Production of energy
Cellular respiration
Store Calcium
Help in cell apoptosis

9. 5) Lysosome (suicidal bag )
A Lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains
digestive enzymes. Lysosome are involved with various cell
processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
Function-
Intracellular digestion
Removal of dead cells
Role in metamorphosis
Help in protein synthesis
Help in fertilization
Role in osteogenesis

10. 6) Microtubules
Microtubules are microscopic hollow tubes made of the proteins alpha
and beta tubulin that are part of a cell's cytoskeleton, a network of protein
filaments that extends throughout the cell, gives the cell shape, and keeps
its organelles in place.
Function-
Giving shape to cells and cellular membranes.
 contraction in muscle cells and more.
 Transportation of specific organelles

11. NUCLEUS
1) Nuclear membrane
It is similar to Cytoplasmic membrane but having large
pores. The nuclear membrane, also called the nuclear envelope,
is a double membrane layer that separates the contents of the
nucleus from the rest of the cell. It is found in both animal and plant
cells.

12. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that
contains our unique genetic code. It is double helix
structure.
2) Deoxyribonucleic acid

13. 3) Nucleoli
The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome
biogenesis. The nucleolus is the part of the nucleus
responsible for the assembly of ribosome which then are
exported to the cytoplasm to do their work in assembling
proteins from mRNA.

14. Cell Division