2. The Definition of WSN
consist of large amount of sensor nodes
Multi-hop, self-organize
wireless communication
cooperative sensing, collection, process
Send to observe.
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of
spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to monitor physical or
environmental conditions. A WSN system incorporates a gateway that
provides wireless connectivity back to the wired world and distributed nodes
3. OBJECTIVE
Understand about the basics of Ad hoc network, various standards and different
routing protocols including proactive and reactive
Analyze the trace file and they can check the entire time duration of the simulation
Determine the best possible path in terms of minimizing the number of hops (path
length), delay, packet loss, cost
Energy-aware routing increase the lifetime of the network.
Minimum cost forwarding.
4. The difference between WSN and
Ad hoc
The number of nodes
Sensor nodes are densely deployed
Sensor nodes are prone to failures
The topology of a sensor network changes very frequently
WSN broadcast but ad hoc point-to point
Sensor node are limited in power computation capacities and memory
Sensor nodes may not have global identification
5. What is network simulator
•A network simulator is software that predicts the behavior of
a computer network. Since communication Networks have
become too complex for traditional analytical methods to
provide an accurate understanding of system behavior network
simulator are used.
•In simulators, the computer network is typically modeled with
devices, links, applications etc. and the performance is analysed.
Simulators typically come with support for the most popular
technologies and networks in use today.
6. Reasons to use NS2 as a platform
•Real time Implementation
•Discrete - Event Simulation
•Plumbing makes NS2 a powerful tool
•Event Scheduler
•Time Synchronization
•Cost effective
•Object Oriented
8. Flooding
•A classical mechanisms to relay data in sensor
networks without the need for any routing
algorithms and topology maintenance.
•Drawbacks:
•Implosion
•Overlap
•Resource blindness
9. Gossiping
•A slightly enhanced version of flooding where the
receiving node sends the packet to a randomly selected
neighbor which picks another neighbor to forward the
packet to and so on.
Advantage: avoid the implosion
Drawback: Transmission delay
10. Routing Challenges and Design Issues
in WSNs
The design of routing protocols in WSNs is influenced by many
challenging factors. These factors must be overcome before efficient
communication can be achieved in WSNs.
Node deployment
Energy considerations
Data delivery model
Node/link heterogeneity
Fault tolerance
Scalability
Network dynamics
Transmission media
Connectivity
Quality of service
11. ADVANTAGES
WSN offers several advantages over traditional circuit switching
networks. These includes-
Avoids a lot of wiring
Can accommodate new devices at any time
Flexible to go through physical partitions
It can be accessed through a centralized monitor
Infrastructure
14. FUTURE SCOPE
More research work needs to be done in future.
Needs to be implemented in a wireless sensor network with mobile
nodes.
The effects of very large node densities need to be investigated.
The feasibility of using the clustering technique and data aggregation
needs to be tested in the same wireless sensor network.
15. Application of WSN
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Monitoring friendly forces, equipment and ammunition.
Battlefield surveillance
Nuclear, biological and chemical attack detection and reconnaissance etc.
Environmental applications
Forest fire detection
Flood detection
Health applications
Telemonitoring of human physiological data
Tracking and monitoring patients and doctors inside a hospital
Home applications
Home automation
Smart environment
