In search of Mughal and Sultani Era in Bangladesh: an archaeological context survey at Egaroshindur, Kishorgonj

cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvbÕ 2012, GMviwmÜzi
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mvavibZ ejv n‡q _v‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvbe
G f~wg MwVZ n‡q‡Q wbKU AZx‡Z| Avevi
Av‡Q Ggb mvBUI Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e f~wg MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB gšÍe¨ meRvqMvq mwVK bq|
jvjgvB, gaycyi I e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji f’wg MV‡bi HwZn¨ nvRvi jÿ eQ‡ii| evsjv‡`‡ki
PvKjvcywÄ AÂ‡j D”P-cy‡ivcjxq hy‡Mi nvwZ
wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi Aew¯’Z|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e cÖZœPP©v nq GKgvÎ Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
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D‡`¨v‡M GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡j cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvb GB AÂ‡ji HwZnvwmK Z_¨ DrNvU‡bi c_ iwPZ
n‡q‡Q|
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Av”Qbœ| AvkvKwi Avgv‡`i GB wi‡cv‡U©i gva¨‡g GB AÂ‡j M‡elYvi Øvi A‡bK `~i GwM‡q wb‡q
hv‡e| GB AÂ‡ji gvby‡li AÁZvi d‡j cÖvPxb cÖZœ¯’vb¸‡jv AvR aŸs‡mi c‡_| cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi
GLv‡bi `ywU gmwR` msiÿ‡bi KvR Ki‡jI evKx ¯’vb¸‡jv GLbI AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ|
8
1 f~wgKv
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‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e f~wg MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB gšÍe¨ meRvqMvq mwVK bq|
jvjgvB, gaycyi I e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji f’wg MV‡bi HwZn¨ nvRvi jÿ eQ‡ii| evsjv‡`‡ki
cy‡ivcjxq hy‡Mi nvwZqvi cvIqv †M‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxY
wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi Aew¯’Z|
ZôvwbKfv‡e cÖZœPP©v nq GKgvÎ Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖZœZË¡ wefv‡M|
wefv‡Mi mxwgZ ÿgZvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœZvwË¡K PP©v A‡bK `~i GwM‡q wb‡q hv‡”Q| wefv‡Mi
GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡j cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvb GB AÂ‡ji HwZnvwmK Z_¨ DrNvU‡bi c_ iwPZ
GMviwmÜzi AÂj evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖZœ¯’vb| wKš‘ `xN©Kvj GB ¯’v‡b
cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡b GwM‡q Av‡m wb| Avgiv GLv‡b avivevwnK cÖZœZË¡ M‡elbvi wmÜvšÍ wb‡qwQ|
ÖvPxbZ¡, bvgKiY, ivR‰bwZK avivevwnKZv, mvgvwRK web¨vm Ges mvs¯‹…wZK mg„w× GK inm¨gqZvq
Lv‡bi `ywU gmwR` msiÿ‡bi KvR Ki‡jI evKx ¯’vb¸‡jv GLbI AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ|
emwZ Lye cÖvPxb bq| GLvbKvi gvwU bexb, KviY cwj R‡g
b`xi fv½‡b wejxb n‡q †M‡Q Ges b`x M‡f© gvwU Pvcv n‡q
‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e f~wg MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB gšÍe¨ meRvqMvq mwVK bq|
jvjgvB, gaycyi I e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji f’wg MV‡bi HwZn¨ nvRvi jÿ eQ‡ii| evsjv‡`‡ki jvjgvB
vi cvIqv †M‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxY f~wgi cv‡k
cÖZœZË¡ wefv‡M| GB
`~i GwM‡q wb‡q hv‡”Q| wefv‡Mi
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cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡b GwM‡q Av‡m wb| Avgiv GLv‡b avivevwnK cÖZœZË¡ M‡elbvi wmÜvšÍ wb‡qwQ| Gi
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Lv‡bi `ywU gmwR` msiÿ‡bi KvR Ki‡jI evKx ¯’vb¸‡jv GLbI AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ|

2
wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cwðgvs‡k cvKzw›`qv _vbv Aew¯’Z| GB _vbvi GKwU BDwbq‡bi bvg GMviwmÜz| GB
BDwbq‡bi AvqZb 2743 †n±i|
cyivZb eªþcyÎ, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x (eZ©gv‡b k•L wej bv‡g cwiwPZ) cÖevwnZ| GLv‡b Cmv
GMviwmÜzi `yM©, †gvMj Avg‡ji K‡qKwU gmwR`, AmsL¨ cÖvPxb wXwe, w`wN, cyiv‡bv cyKzimn A‡bK
cÖvPxb wb`k©bv`x i‡q‡Q| wK‡kviM‡Äi GMvi
C`Mvnmn A‡bK cÖZœ¯’vb Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q|
, GMviwmÜzi
9
2 AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi cwiwPwZ
BDwbq‡bi AvqZb 2743 †n±i| cvKzw›`qvq Lvbv kno cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j|
cyivZb eªþcyÎ, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x (eZ©gv‡b k•L wej bv‡g cwiwPZ) cÖevwnZ| GLv‡b Cmv
`yM©, †gvMj Avg‡ji K‡qKwU gmwR`, AmsL¨ cÖvPxb wXwe, w`wN, cyiv‡bv cyKzimn A‡bK
wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi MÖvg ev‡`I G AÂ‡j R½jevox, †kvKvwjqv
C`Mvnmn A‡bK cÖZœ¯’vb Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q|
cvKzw›`qvq Lvbv kno cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j| Gi cvk w`‡q
cyivZb eªþcyÎ, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x (eZ©gv‡b k•L wej bv‡g cwiwPZ) cÖevwnZ| GLv‡b Cmv Luvi
`yM©, †gvMj Avg‡ji K‡qKwU gmwR`, AmsL¨ cÖvPxb wXwe, w`wN, cyiv‡bv cyKzimn A‡bK
wmÜzi MÖvg ev‡`I G AÂ‡j R½jevox, †kvKvwjqv

10

cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvbÕ 2012, GMviwmÜzi, GMviwmÜzi
11

12

3
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eb©bvq GjvKvwU‡K R½jevox wn‡m‡eB D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GKwU BDwbqb nj GMviwmÜz| GLv‡b
GKwU BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| GKwU RbkÖæwZ n‡”Q, ga¨hy‡M gjs kvn& bv‡g GKRb ag© cÖP
G‡mwQ‡jb| GB gjs kvn&-Gi cvK †`n †_
cvKzw›`qv iæc wb‡q‡Q| cwÛZ Kzgvi †m‡bi g‡Z, cvKzb A_©
†ewôZ DuPz wUjvhy³ ¯’vb| GLv‡b cvKzi I w`qv G kã `ywU wg‡j‡q A_© `vovq `ywU b`x ev Lvj †ewôZ
DuPz wUjvhy³ ¯’v‡b cvKzi Mv‡Qi eb| g~j kãwU cvKzi ‡_‡K D”PviY weeZ©‡b cvKzb Zvi w`qv †hvM n‡q
cvKzw›`qv n‡q‡Q|1
GMviwmÜzi bvgKi‡YI ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU RbkÖæwZ
GMviRb cxi G‡mwQ‡jb| GB GMvi Rb cxi n‡jb ga¨hy‡M kvnRvjv‡ji mv‡_ Avmv wKQz e¨w
Zviv G AÂ‡j ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Av‡mb| GB GMvi Rb e¨w
bvgvbymv‡i GB MÖv‡gi bvg nq GMviwmÜz| G‡ì GKRb n‡jb cx
cvB| Avgiv AbymÜvb K‡i GB GMviRb cx‡ii bvg I Kei Ly‡R †ei Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ mevi
bvg I Kei cvIqv m¤¢e nqwb| hv‡ì bvg †c‡qwQ
1. Cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi
2. Kvn Avkdxi gvRvi
3. Ges wKQz AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi
1
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, GMviwmÜzi
13
bvgKiY
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GKwU BDwbqb nj GMviwmÜz| GLv‡b _vbv mì cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j| cvKzw›`qv _vbvi bvgKi‡Yi
KwU BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| GKwU RbkÖæwZ n‡”Q, ga¨hy‡M gjs kvn& bv‡g GKRb ag© cÖP
Gi cvK †`n †_‡K D`y©‡Z cvKIqvb A_©vr cvKvb‡`n n‡Z D”PviY weeZ©‡b
cvKzw›`qv iæc wb‡q‡Q| cwÛZ Kzgvi †m‡bi g‡Z, cvKzb A_©- cvKzi MvQ, w`qv AZ© `ycv‡k b`x ev
¯’vb| GLv‡b cvKzi I w`qv G kã `ywU wg‡j‡q A_© `vovq `ywU b`x ev Lvj †ewôZ
¯’v‡b cvKzi Mv‡Qi eb| g~j kãwU cvKzi ‡_‡K D”PviY weeZ©‡b cvKzb Zvi w`qv †hvM n‡q
GMviwmÜzi bvgKi‡YI ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q| ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, GB GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g
GMviRb cxi G‡mwQ‡jb| GB GMvi Rb cxi n‡jb ga¨hy‡M kvnRvjv‡ji mv‡_ Avmv wKQz e¨w
cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Av‡mb| GB GMvi Rb e¨w³i Kei GB MÖv‡g Av‡Q| Zv‡ì
bvgvbymv‡i GB MÖv‡gi bvg nq GMviwmÜz| G‡ì GKRb n‡jb cxi Mwieyjøvn| Avgiv Zvi Kei Ly‡R
vIqv m¤¢e nqwb| hv‡ì bvg †c‡qwQ Zviv n‡jb-
Cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi
Ges wKQz AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi
evsjv‡`‡ki †Rjv-Dc‡Rjvi bvgKiY I HwZn¨, 2007, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 172-175|
wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv Dc‡Rjvi
_vbv mì cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j| cvKzw›`qv _vbvi bvgKi‡Yi
KwU BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| GKwU RbkÖæwZ n‡”Q, ga¨hy‡M gjs kvn& bv‡g GKRb ag© cÖPviK GLv‡b
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cvKzi MvQ, w`qv AZ© `ycv‡k b`x ev Lvj
¯’vb| GLv‡b cvKzi I w`qv G kã `ywU wg‡j‡q A_© `vovq `ywU b`x ev Lvj †ewôZ
¯’v‡b cvKzi Mv‡Qi eb| g~j kãwU cvKzi ‡_‡K D”PviY weeZ©‡b cvKzb Zvi w`qv †hvM n‡q
Av‡Q| ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, GB GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g
GMviRb cxi G‡mwQ‡jb| GB GMvi Rb cxi n‡jb ga¨hy‡M kvnRvjv‡ji mv‡_ Avmv wKQz e¨w³iv|
Kei GB MÖv‡g Av‡Q| Zv‡ì
i Mwieyjøvn| Avgiv Zvi Kei Ly‡R
175|

Avevi Ab¨ GK eb©bvq cvIqv hvq †h,
n‡q‡Q| G `yM©wU G bv‡g cwiwPZ nIqv
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14
cvIqv hvq †h, GMviwmÜz kãwU GLv‡b GMviwU b`x A‡_© e¨eüZ
n‡q‡Q| G `yM©wU G bv‡g cwiwPZ nIqvi KviY nj GK mg‡q GwU A‡bK¸‡jv b`xi †hgb
AvwoAvj Luv, wMqi, my›`v BZ¨vw` b`xi ms‡hvM¯’‡j Aew¯’Z wQj|
5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 73|
GMviwmÜz kãwU GLv‡b GMviwU b`x A‡_© e¨eüZ
i KviY nj GK mg‡q GwU A‡bK¸‡jv b`xi †hgb- eþcyÎ,
b`xi ms‡hvM¯’‡j Aew¯’Z wQj|2

4 AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi †fŠ‡MvwjK I
Ae¯’vb I AvqZb
1960 mv‡j wK‡kviMÄ gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nq| ZLb wK‡kviMÄ _vbv wQj wZbwU
wK‡kviMÄ| gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci wK‡kviMÄ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~b©
1915 mv‡ji GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b e„nËi gqgbwmsn‡K †f‡½ †h wZ
GKwU wQj wK‡kviMÄ| Ae‡k‡l 1984 mv‡ji 1jv ‡deªæqvix wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ cvq|
wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbvi GKwU BDwbqb nj GMviwmÜz| GB _vbvi DË‡i †nv‡mbcyi I
wK‡kviMÄ m`i, c~‡e© KwUqvw`, `wÿ‡Y biwms`x †Rjvi g‡bvni
cwð‡g gsgbwmsn ‡Rjvi MdiMvuI _vbv Øviv †ewôZ| GB Dc‡RjvwUi AvqZb 180.52 eM©
wK‡jvwgUvi| cÖavb b`x cÖivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v I evbvi| _vbvwU cÖvq 24
Aÿvsk Ges 90 46© c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡ki g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|
RbmsL¨v
1991 mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx cvKzw›`qv _vbvi †gvU RbmsL¨v n‡jv 210355 Rb| cÖwZ eM©
wK‡jvwgUv‡i emevm K‡i cÖvq 1169 Rb| 1974 I 1981 mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx G GjvKvi
RbmsL¨v wQj h_vµ‡g 148948 I 173284 Rb| evwl©K RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi kZKiv 201 Rb| G
_vbvq M‡o gv_vwcQz fzwgi cwigvb 0.09 †n±i|
cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv
cvKzw›`qv _vbv m„wó 1932 mv‡j| eZ©gv‡b GwU Dc‡Rjv| BDwbqb 10wU, †gŠRv 97wU, MÖvg 170wU|
3
b~iæ¾vgvb, †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki †Rjv
, GMviwmÜzi
15
AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi †fŠ‡MvwjK I cwi‡ewkK †cÖwÿZ
1960 mv‡j wK‡kviMÄ gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nq| ZLb wK‡kviMÄ _vbv wQj wZbwU
wK‡kviMÄ| gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci wK‡kviMÄ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~b© ¯’vb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V|
1915 mv‡ji GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b e„nËi gqgbwmsn‡K †f‡½ †h wZbwU †Rjv MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq Zvi
GKwU wQj wK‡kviMÄ| Ae‡k‡l 1984 mv‡ji 1jv ‡deªæqvix wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ cvq|
wK‡kviMÄ m`i, c~‡e© KwUqvw`, `wÿ‡Y biwms`x †Rjvi g‡bvni`x I MvRxcyi †Rjvi Kvcvwmqv Ges
wK‡jvwgUvi| cÖavb b`x cÖivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v I evbvi| _vbvwU cÖvq 24
ªvwNgvs‡ki g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|
mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx cvKzw›`qv _vbvi †gvU RbmsL¨v n‡jv 210355 Rb| cÖwZ eM©
cQz fzwgi cwigvb 0.09 †n±i|
evsjv‡`‡ki †Rjv-Dc‡Rjvi bvgKiY I HwZn¨, 2007, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 172-175|
cwi‡ewkK †cÖwÿZ
1960 mv‡j wK‡kviMÄ gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nq| ZLb wK‡kviMÄ _vbv wQj wZbwU- wbKjx, evwRZcyi I
¯’vb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V|
bwU †Rjv MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq Zvi
GKwU wQj wK‡kviMÄ| Ae‡k‡l 1984 mv‡ji 1jv ‡deªæqvix wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ cvq|3
`x I MvRxcyi †Rjvi Kvcvwmqv Ges
wK‡jvwgUvi| cÖavb b`x cÖivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v I evbvi| _vbvwU cÖvq 24 16© I 24 24© DËi
mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx cvKzw›`qv _vbvi †gvU RbmsL¨v n‡jv 210355 Rb| cÖwZ eM©
175|

BDwbq‡bi bvg
GMviwmÜz
Rv½vwjqv
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bivw›`
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me©‡gvU
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G _vbvq wgÿvi nvi 29.3%| Gi g‡a¨ cyiæl 33.3% Ges gwnjv 24.2%|
‡ckv
G _vbvi Rb‡Mvôxi cÖavb †ckv
eëmv 7.10%, PvKix 4.7% Ges Ab¨vb¨ 8.22%|
hvZvqvZ eë¯’v
G _vbvi hvZvqvZ eë¯’v †gvUvgywU DbœZ| _vbv m`‡ii mv‡_ †Rjv kno wK‡kviMÄ, †nv‡mbcyi I
KwUqv`x _vbvq cvKv moK c‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q| _vbv m`‡ii
KvuPv I AvavcvKv moK i‡q‡Q| G_Abvq cvuKv iv¯Ív i‡q‡Q 30 wKwg, AvavcvKv iv¯Ív i‡q‡Q 10 wKwg,
KvuPv iv¯Ív i‡q‡Q 880 wK.wg.|8
cwðg mxgvbvq e‡q hvIqv eªþcyÎ b`x m
4
evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv, ¯§j Gwiqv A¨vUjvm, gsgbwmsn ‡
ms‡kvwaZ|
5
evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv , evsjv‡`k ccy‡jkb †mÝvm, 1991 fwjDg2 BDwwbqb ÷¨vwUmwUKm&, 1993|
6
Avjg, †gv. Rvnv½xi, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv
7
Avjg, †gv. Rvnv½xi, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315|
8
Avjg, †gv. Rvnv½xi, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315|
16
BDwbq‡bi bvg AvqZb4
(†n±i) RbmsL¨v
GMviwmÜz 2743 27302
Rv½vwjqv 2759 26893
mywLqv 1371 16661
PwÛcvkv 1611 18310
bivw›` 2491 18717
cvUzqvWv½v 1662 27365
Pidivw` 944 20737
cvKzqvw›` 1222 17291
‡nv‡mbw` 2743 14323
eviæw`qv 1918 22819
me©‡gvU 18019 210355
G _vbvq wgÿvi nvi 29.3%| Gi g‡a¨ cyiæl 33.3% Ges gwnjv 24.2%|6
G _vbvi Rb‡Mvôxi cÖavb †ckv K„wl| K…wl 61.51%, K…wl kÖwgK 16.42%, AK…wl kÖwgK 2.05%,
eëmv 7.10%, PvKix 4.7% Ges Ab¨vb¨ 8.22%|7
KwUqv`x _vbvq cvKv moK c‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q| _vbv m`‡ii mv‡_ BDwbqb¸‡jvi ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨
evnb eë¯’vq i‡q‡Q evm, UªvK, wi·v, bwmgb, †bŠKv cÖf…wZ| GQvovI
cwðg mxgvbvq e‡q hvIqv eªþcyÎ b`x mviv eQi cvk¦eZ©x AÂ‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i Pj‡Q|
evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv, ¯§j Gwiqv A¨vUjvm, gsgbwmsn ‡Rjv, 1985 Gi mnvqZvq RywimwWKkb wj÷, cvKzw›`qv _vbv Abyhvqx
evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv , evsjv‡`k ccy‡jkb †mÝvm, 1991 fwjDg2 BDwwbqb ÷¨vwUmwUKm&, 1993|
5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315-316|
RbmsL¨v5
27302
26893
16661
18310
18717
27365
20737
17291
14323
22819
210355
K„wl| K…wl 61.51%, K…wl kÖwgK 16.42%, AK…wl kÖwgK 2.05%,
mv‡_ BDwbqb¸‡jvi ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨
evnb eë¯’vq i‡q‡Q evm, UªvK, wi·v, bwmgb, †bŠKv cÖf…wZ| GQvovI
viv eQi cvk¦eZ©x AÂ‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i Pj‡Q|
Rjv, 1985 Gi mnvqZvq RywimwWKkb wj÷, cvKzw›`qv _vbv Abyhvqx
316|

Rjevqy
evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi gZ G _vbvq µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqyi AšÍ©MZ| GLv‡b lo FZzi g‡a¨
cÖavbZt wZbwU †gŠmyg cwijwÿZ nq| el©v †gŠmyg mvavibZ †g gvm n‡Z A‡±vei ch©šÍ ¯’vqx nq|
kxZKvj mvavibZ b‡f¤î †_
ZvcgvÎ we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq GLv‡bi me©wb¤œ
42.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm|
wb‡¤œ mvibxi gva¨‡g ZvcgvÎv I e„wócvZ †Ìqv nj
gqgbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡›`ªi `xN©‡gqv`x
Mo ZvcgvÎv 9
Rvby ‡deªæ
ZvcgvÎv
Pig Dò 29.4 33.4
Mo m‡e©v”P 25.0 27.5
PigkxZj 4.4 4.4
Mo m‡e©v”P 12.2 13.9
Mo 18.6 20.7
e„wócvZ 6 20
gqgbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡›`ªi `xN©‡gqv`x Mo e„wócvZ (wgwjwgUvi)
1 iwe †gŠmyg (b‡f
2
3 Lwid †gŠmyg (Ryb
9
G‡MÖvK¬vB‡gwUK mv‡f© Ad evsjv‡`k, g¨vbv‡jv, AvB Avi Avi/we Avi Avi AvB, 1975|
10
Kw¤úDUvi †m›Uvi, evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elbv KvDwÝj, XvKv †_‡K msM„nxZ (1996 Bs) evsjv‡`k AvenvIqv Awa`ßi gsgbwmsn †K‡›`ªi Z_¨|
, GMviwmÜzi
17
kxZKvj mvavibZ b‡f¤î †_‡K †deªæqvix cqšÍ ¯’vqx _v‡K| evKx mgq MÖx®§Kvj weiRgvb _v‡K|
we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq GLv‡bi me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv 19.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv
wb‡¤œ mvibxi gva¨‡g ZvcgvÎv I e„wócvZ †Ìqv nj-
gbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡›`ªi `xN©‡gqv`x gvwmK Pig Dò I Pig kxZj, Mo m‡e©v”P, Mo me©wb¤œ I
gvP© GwcÖj †g Ryb RyjvB AvMó
38.9 42.2 41.7 37.2 36.1 36.7
31.4 32.9 31.9 31.1 31.1 31.3
8.3 15.0 16.7 20.0 22.2 22.2
18.2 21.6 23.0 24.6 25.1 25.2
24.7 27.3 27.4 27.8 28.1 28.2
34 118 351 405 456 337
gbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡›`ªi `xN©‡gqv`x Mo e„wócvZ (wgwjwgUvi)10
‡gŠmyg
iwe †gŠmyg (b‡f-‡deªæ)
cÖvK-Lwid (gvP©-‡g)
Lwid †gŠmyg (Ryb-A‡±v)
G‡MÖvK¬vB‡gwUK mv‡f© Ad evsjv‡`k, g¨vbv‡jv, AvB Avi Avi/we Avi Avi AvB, 1975|
‡K †deªæqvix cqšÍ ¯’vqx _v‡K| evKx mgq MÖx®§Kvj weiRgvb _v‡K|
ZvcgvÎv 19.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv
gvwmK Pig Dò I Pig kxZj, Mo m‡e©v”P, Mo me©wb¤œ I
‡m‡Þ A‡±v b‡f wW‡m evrmwiK
36.7 36.7 33.3 30.6
31.1 30.6 28.9 26.1
21.2 16.1 11.1 7.2
24.8 22.7 18.2 13.6
27.9 26.6 23.6 19.8 24.6
292 183 18 7 2227
‡gŠmy‡gi e„wócvZ
51
503
1673

18

19

20

21

f~cÖK…wZ
cvKzw›`qv _vbv PviwU f~cÖK…wZ AÂj wb‡q MwVZ, h_v:
(K) gaycyi Mo AÂj
(L) cyivZb eªþcyÎ cjjf
(M) be¨ eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg
(N) mwµq eªþcyÎ cjjf~
gaycyi Mo AÂj
G AÂj ïaygvÎ GMviwmÜzi BDwbq‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ges cvKzw›`qv BDwbq‡bi mvgvb¨ Ask we`¨gvb|
GjvKvwU gaycyi K`©g bvgK my-cÖvPxb Avwè¯‘ Øviv MwVZ, hv cÖvK…wZK ev f~ZvwË¡K Kvi‡b Dc‡i D‡U
Av‡m| G GjvKvi f~wg cÖK…wZ avc wewkó, hv mwc©j AvK…wZi DcZ¨Kv (¯’vbxq bvg evB
gv‡S wef³| evB`¸wj ¯’vbxqfv‡e el©vKv‡j cvwb wb®‹vkb K‡i| G AÂj cvk¦©eZ©x cjjf~wg A‡cÿv 3
wgUvi n‡Z 5 wgUvi chšÍ DuPy| gaycyi M‡oi DPz Rwg‡K ¯’vbxqfvlvq Pvjf~wg ejv nq| DPz Rwg¸‡jv
cÖvq mgZj, Z‡e †Kv_vI †Kv_vI mvgvb¨ DPz
cyivZb eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg
G GjvKv _vbvi me BDwbq‡bB we¯Í…Z| Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GjvKv‡ZB gaycyi Mo AÂ‡ji Dc‡i cjj
gvwU G‡m R‡g‡Q| GjvKvwU el©vKv‡j ¯^í Mfxi †_‡K gvSvix Nfxifv‡e cøvweZ nq|
be¨ eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg :
G GjvKv _vbvi DËi-cwðg, cwðg
fvsMv I wej wb‡q MwVZ| DuPz fvsMv mvavibZt el©vi cvwb‡Z cøvweZ nq bv|
mwµq eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg
GjvKvwU _vbvi cwðg cÖv‡šÍ eªþcyÎ b` eivei we¯Í…Z| weMZ 10/12 eQ‡iB G GjvKvi AwaKvsk ¯
cÖPzi cwigvb b`xevwnZ cjj gvwU G‡g R‡g‡Q| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI 9 wgUv‡iiI †ewk cji gvwU R‡g‡Q|
G GjvKv‡Z cÖwZ eQi eb¨v, b`x fv½b I nVvr cwj‡Z XvKv c‡o dmjnvwbi m¤¢vebv cÖPzi|
22
cvKzw›`qv _vbv PviwU f~cÖK…wZ AÂj wb‡q MwVZ, h_v:
(L) cyivZb eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg
(M) be¨ eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg
(N) mwµq eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg
cÖvPxb Avwè¯‘ Øviv MwVZ, hv cÖvK…wZK ev f~ZvwË¡K Kvi‡b Dc‡i D‡U
Av‡m| G GjvKvi f~wg cÖK…wZ avc wewkó, hv mwc©j AvK…wZi DcZ¨Kv (¯’vbxq bvg evB
evB`¸wj ¯’vbxqfv‡e el©vKv‡j cvwb wb®‹vkb K‡i| G AÂj cvk¦©eZ©x cjjf~wg A‡cÿv 3
cÖvq mgZj, Z‡e †Kv_vI †Kv_vI mvgvb¨ DPz-wbPz|
cwðg, cwðg-`wÿYvs‡k Aew¯’Z| G AÂj cÖvq mgZj †_‡K wKwÂr AmgZj
fvsMv I wej wb‡q MwVZ| DuPz fvsMv mvavibZt el©vi cvwb‡Z cøvweZ nq bv|
GjvKvwU _vbvi cwðg cÖv‡šÍ eªþcyÎ b` eivei we¯Í…Z| weMZ 10/12 eQ‡iB G GjvKvi AwaKvsk ¯
cÖvPxb Avwè¯‘ Øviv MwVZ, hv cÖvK…wZK ev f~ZvwË¡K Kvi‡b Dc‡i D‡U
Av‡m| G GjvKvi f~wg cÖK…wZ avc wewkó, hv mwc©j AvK…wZi DcZ¨Kv (¯’vbxq bvg evB`) Øviv gv‡S
evB`¸wj ¯’vbxqfv‡e el©vKv‡j cvwb wb®‹vkb K‡i| G AÂj cvk¦©eZ©x cjjf~wg A‡cÿv 3
`wÿYvs‡k Aew¯’Z| G AÂj cÖvq mgZj †_‡K wKwÂr AmgZj
GjvKvwU _vbvi cwðg cÖv‡šÍ eªþcyÎ b` eivei we¯Í…Z| weMZ 10/12 eQ‡iB G GjvKvi AwaKvsk ¯’v‡b

23

24

Dw™¢` I cÖvbx
djdjvwì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avg, Rvg, KvuVvj, wjPz, Kjv, †cu‡c, Avb
Avgov. Kzj, †jey, †ZZzj, †LRyi, Zvj, RjcvB, mycvix, †ej cÖf…wZ|
dmjvwì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q avb, AvL, Mg, mwilv, wgwó Aviæ, cvU, Wvj, fzÆv, jvD, †e¸b, U‡gUz, †Xim,
wmg, Kijøv, eieywU, cUj, WvUv, cÖf…wZ|
gmjv RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wcu
KvV RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q evuk, KovB, †gnMwb, wbg cÖf…wZ|
M„ncvwjZ cïcvwLi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, nvm, gyiMx, †fov cÖf…wZ|
cÖavb ißvwb `ªe¨ avb. wcuqvR, Kjv, †cu‡c|
11
f~wg I g„wËKv m¤ú` eënvi wb‡`©wkKv cvKzw›`qv _vbv
, GMviwmÜzi
25
djdjvwì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avg, Rvg, KvuVvj, wjPz, Kjv, †cu‡c, Avbvim, jUKb, †cqviv, bvwi‡Kj,
Avgov. Kzj, †jey, †ZZzj, †LRyi, Zvj, RjcvB, mycvix, †ej cÖf…wZ|
wmg, Kijøv, eieywU, cUj, WvUv, cÖf…wZ|
gmjv RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wcuqvR, imyb, gwiP cÖf…wZ|
KvV RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q evuk, KovB, †gnMwb, wbg cÖf…wZ|
cÖavb ißvwb `ªe¨ avb. wcuqvR, Kjv, †cu‡c|11
f~wg I g„wËKv m¤ú` eënvi wb‡`©wkKv cvKzw›`qv _vbv wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv, K„wl gš¿bvjq g„wËKv m¤ú` Dbœqb BbwówUDU, XvKv
vim, jUKb, †cqviv, bvwi‡Kj,
wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv, K„wl gš¿bvjq g„wËKv m¤ú` Dbœqb BbwówUDU, XvKv-1997|

5 AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU
GMvi wm›`yi GKwU HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖvg| MÖvgwU †Uv‡Ki wecixZ w`‡K eª
KwUqvwU _vbv mì †_‡K mv‡o bq gvBj cwð‡g Aew¯’Z| Aveyj dR‡ji AvKeibvgvq GMviwmÜzi bvg
D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| ¯’vbwUi bvgKiY wb‡q gZ‡f` Av‡Q| GMvi wmÜzi cÖvPxb bvg KLb †_‡K ïiy
n‡q‡Q Zv wbwðZ K‡i ejvhvq bv| 1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges
m¤úªwZ Gi AbwZ`~‡i jvjgvwUi D”Pf~wg‡Z eª
ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I aby‡Ki eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx cv_‡ii ¸wU Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q| GB gy`ªv¸wj
wLªóc~e© lô kZvãxi Ges cÖZœ m¤ú`¸wji wLªóc~e© `kg kZvãxi e‡j HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv| cÖvß
cÖZœm¤ú‡ì Av‡jv‡K HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv †jvKvjq wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜzi Ae¯’vb Kgc‡ÿ wLªóc~e©
GKnvRvi eQ‡ii cÖvPxb| G AÂ‡ji Avw` evwm›`v wn‡m‡e †KvP I nvRs Rb‡Mvôxi cwiPq cvIqv
hvq| cÖvß gy`ªv we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g avibv Kiv hvq wLªóc~e© lô kZ‡K G AÂj eëmv evwY‡Rï †K›`ªwe›`y
wQj|12
GMviwmÜzi bv‡g GG cÖvPxb MÖvgwU cÖvPxb wn›`y
nq| GLv‡b †mB hy‡Mi cÖvPxb `~M© wQj| Cmv Lvb †mB `yM© ms¯‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b
K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j avibv Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b `y‡M©i Aw¯ÍZ¡ wU‡K †bB ïay wKQz cwiLvi wPý Qvov|
†gŠh© hy‡M G GjvKvi gvbyl DËi fvi‡Zi m‡½ me©cÖ_g mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úK© ¯’vcb ïiy K‡i| G mg‡q GB
¯’v‡bi †jvKv‡ì mv‡_ cÖÛªbMi I gM‡ai eëmvqx‡ì evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o
¸ß hy‡M 380 wLªóvã ch©šÍ GMvi wmÜz WevK iv‡Rï AšÍ©fz
iv‡Rï Aax‡b P‡j hvq| Aóg kZvãxi Avie †fŠ‡MvwjKM‡bi weei‡b †`Lv hvq †h, `ywU b`xi m½g
¯’‡j Aew¯’Z GKwU evwYR¨ e›ì †_‡K gymjgvb ewYKiv myÿ&Y gmwjb e¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgM
‡iv‡g wb‡q †hZ| HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z `ywU b`xi m½g ¯’j ej‡Z evsjvi evwYR¨ e›ì GMviwmÜz‡KB
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
12
Avn‡g`, G we Gg kvgmywÏb, evsjvwcwWqv,
13
hvKvwiqv, Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`,
26
AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU
HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖvg| MÖvgwU †Uv‡Ki wecixZ w`‡K eª²cyÎ b‡ì c~e© Zx‡i Ges
i ejvhvq bv| 1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges
m¤úªwZ Gi AbwZ`~‡i jvjgvwUi D”Pf~wg‡Z eª²cyÎ b‡ì GKwU Mfxi Lv‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi
kZvãxi Ges cÖZœ m¤ú`¸wji wLªóc~e© `kg kZvãxi e‡j HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv| cÖvß
we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g avibv Kiv hvq wLªóc~e© lô kZ‡K G AÂj eëmv evwY‡Rï †K›`ªwe›`y
GMviwmÜzi bv‡g GG cÖvPxb MÖvgwU cÖvPxb wn›`y-‡eŠ× hy‡Mi †ek wKQz cÖvPxb KxwZ© wQj e‡j avibv Kiv
nq| GLv‡b †mB hy‡Mi cÖvPxb `~M© wQj| Cmv Lvb †mB `yM© ms¯‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b
K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j avibv Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b `y‡M©i Aw¯ÍZ¡ wU‡K †bB ïay wKQz cwiLvi wPý Qvov|
¯’v‡bi †jvKv‡ì mv‡_ cÖÛªbMi I gM‡ai eëmvqx‡ì evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o D‡V|
¸ß hy‡M 380 wLªóvã ch©šÍ GMvi wmÜz WevK iv‡Rï AšÍ©fz³ wQj| m¤¢eZ Gici G AÂjwU Kvgiæc
¯’‡j Aew¯’Z GKwU evwYR¨ e›ì †_‡K gymjgvb ewYKiv myÿ&Y gmwjb e¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgM
, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`, 1984, evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 485-498|
cyÎ b‡ì c~e© Zx‡i Ges
i ejvhvq bv| 1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges
cyÎ b‡ì GKwU Mfxi Lv‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi
kZvãxi Ges cÖZœ m¤ú`¸wji wLªóc~e© `kg kZvãxi e‡j HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv| cÖvß
we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g avibv Kiv hvq wLªóc~e© lô kZ‡K G AÂj eëmv evwY‡Rï †K›`ªwe›`y
‡eŠ× hy‡Mi †ek wKQz cÖvPxb KxwZ© wQj e‡j avibv Kiv
nq| GLv‡b †mB hy‡Mi cÖvPxb `~M© wQj| Cmv Lvb †mB `yM© ms¯‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b wKQzw`b Ae¯’vb
K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j avibv Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b `y‡M©i Aw¯ÍZ¡ wU‡K †bB ïay wKQz cwiLvi wPý Qvov|13
D‡V|
wQj| m¤¢eZ Gici G AÂjwU Kvgiæc
¯’‡j Aew¯’Z GKwU evwYR¨ e›ì †_‡K gymjgvb ewYKiv myÿ&Y gmwjb e¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgMÖx cvim¨ I
498|

`kg kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K Kvgiyc ivRv‡ì `ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M Kvgiæ‡ci wb¤œvÂ‡j eû mvgšÍ
iv‡Rï m„wó nq| G mgq nvRivw` AÂ‡ji mvgšÍivRv AvRnvev †KvP mvgš
GMviwmÜz AwaKvi K‡ib| K‡qK eQi ci AvRnvev‡K civwRZ K‡i †eeya bv‡gi GKRb ¯^vaxb ivRv
GMviwmÜz‡i ÿgZvmxb nb| GB †eey‡ai mgq †_‡K GMviwmÜz DÌvb ïiæ nq| ivRv †eeya GMviwmÜz‡i
`~M©, ivRcÖvmv`, gw›ì BZ¨vw` wbg©vb K‡ib GKwU weivU w`wN I cw
`kg kZvãxi wØZxqv‡a© GMviwmÜzi P›`ª eskxq ivRv kÖxP›`ª Gi kvmbvaxb Av‡Q| m¤¢eZ ivecv‡ji
ivRZ¡Kv‡j GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡j eg©bivR‡ì AwaKvi cÖwZwôZ nq Ges `kg kZvãxi gvSvgvwS mgqs
ch©šÍ Zv‡ì kvmb Ae¨nZ _v‡K| Gici G AÂj †mb kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges †mb
Aemv‡bi ci Kvgiyc ivRvi AšÍ©f~
Pµcvwb `‡Ëi †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, PZz©`k kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K †MŠ‡oi myjZvb kvgmywÏb wd‡ivR
kvn GMviwmÜzmn e„nËi gqgbwmsn AÂj I wm‡jU AwaKvi K‡ib| 1338 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzimn
evsjvi G AÂ‡ji kvmb ÿgZv MÖnY K‡ib †mvbviMu
ZLb GKwU `y‡f©`¨ `~M©I wQj| m¤¢eZ dLiæwÏb Zvi fvM¨ wech©‡qi mgq GMviwmÜz‡Z Ae¯’vb
wb‡q‡Q‡jb Ges GLAb †L‡KB Avevi †mvbviMuv‡qi wmsnvmb AwaKvi K‡ib| Avw` BwjqvPkvnx Avg‡j
GMviwmÜz evsjvi myjZvb‡ì Aax‡b wQj| 1357 wLªóv‡
ms¯‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi mg‡q GMviwmÜz ¸iæZ¡c~b© evwYR¨ e›ì wn‡m‡eI L¨vwZ jvf K‡i|
cÂ`k kZvãxi wØZxq `kK †_‡K beg `kK ch©šÍ GMviwmÜz Kv‡ì wbqš¿‡b wQj ejv hvq bv| Z‡e
g‡b nq G mgq evi f~uBqv‡ì cÖvavb¨ wQj| nvekx myjZvb‡
AwaKv‡i Av‡m| †nv‡mb kvnx es‡ki wMqvm DwÏb gvngy` kvn Gi mg‡q cZ©yMxR ewYKiv GMviwmÜz‡i
evwYR¨KzwV mn ïéNvwU wbg©vb K‡ib| wMqvm DwÏb gvngy` kv‡ni ci GMviwmÜzi †kikvn Gi
kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m| wKš‘ Zvi g„Zyï ci GMviwmÜz‡ii
1577 wLªóv‡ã Cmv Lvb gmb`
cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj‡ì hy‡×i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q gyMj †mbvbvqK gynv¤§` Kzwj I kvn
ei`x GMviwmÜz `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Cmv Lv
, GMviwmÜzi
27
iv‡Rï m„wó nq| G mgq nvRivw` AÂ‡ji mvgšÍivRv AvRnvev †KvP mvgšÍivRv eUs‡K civwRZ K‡i
`~M©, ivRcÖvmv`, gw›ì BZ¨vw` wbg©vb K‡ib GKwU weivU w`wN I cwiLv Lbb K‡ib|
ch©šÍ Zv‡ì kvmb Ae¨nZ _v‡K| Gici G AÂj †mb kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges †mb
Aemv‡bi ci Kvgiyc ivRvi AšÍ©f~³ nq|
evsjvi G AÂ‡ji kvmb ÿgZv MÖnY K‡ib †mvbviMuv Gi myjZvb dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn| GLv‡b
GMviwmÜz evsjvi myjZvb‡ì Aax‡b wQj| 1357 wLªóv‡ã myjZvb wmKv›`vi kvn GMviwmÜzi `~‡M©i
g‡b nq G mgq evi f~uBqv‡ì cÖvavb¨ wQj| nvekx myjZvb‡ì Avg‡j GMviwmÜz cybivq gymjgvb‡ì
kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m| wKš‘ Zvi g„Zyï ci GMviwmÜz‡ii KZ…Z¡ P‡j hvq ¯’vbxq Rwg`vi‡ì nv‡Z|
1577 wLªóv‡ã Cmv Lvb gmb`-B-Avjv GMviwmÜz‡K ivR‰bwZK I ¸iyZ¡c~b© evwYR¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e
ei`x GMviwmÜz `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Cmv Lv‡bi ˆmbïv cvëv Avµgb K‡i gyMj evwnbx‡K
ÍivRv eUs‡K civwRZ K‡i
iLv Lbb K‡ib|
ch©šÍ Zv‡ì kvmb Ae¨nZ _v‡K| Gici G AÂj †mb kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges †mb kvm‡bi
v Gi myjZvb dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn| GLv‡b
ã myjZvb wmKv›`vi kvn GMviwmÜzi `~‡M©i
ì Avg‡j GMviwmÜz cybivq gymjgvb‡ì
KZ…Z¡ P‡j hvq ¯’vbxq Rwg`vi‡ì nv‡Z|
Avjv GMviwmÜz‡K ivR‰bwZK I ¸iyZ¡c~b© evwYR¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e
‡bi ˆmbïv cvëv Avµgb K‡i gyMj evwnbx‡K

ch©~`¯’ K‡i GMviwmÜz c~Y`©Lj K‡i †bq Gici †L‡K Cmv Lvb GLv‡bB Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
AvKei bvgvq Cmv LAb‡K Ô‡giRevb
1557 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzi `yM©Øv‡i Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj †mbvcwZ gvbwmsn Gi cy
nb| gvbwms‡ni m‡½I Cmv Lv‡bi hy× nq Ges Ae‡k‡l Efqc‡ÿi g‡a¨ GKwU mwÜ mvÿwiZ nq|
Cmv Lv‡bi g„Zyï ci GMviwmÜyi gymv Lvb Gi KZ
mg„× evwYR¨ †K›`ª wQj|
gyMj mgªvU Rvnv½xi Gi Avg‡j Dmgvb Lvb †jvnvbxi
Abymv‡i gyMj‡ì nv‡Z GMviwmÜzi cZb N‡U 1608 wLªóv‡ãi †k‡li w`‡K| Gici GMviwmÜz‡K †K›`ª
K‡i gyMjMY Dmgvb Lv‡bi weiy‡× Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i|
m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Gi mg‡q 1638 wLªóv‡ã Avmvg ivR 500 †bŠhvbmn GMviwmÜzi Avµgb
evsjvi myevnvi Avmvg ivR‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡j Dfq c‡ÿi g‡a¨ cÖPÛ hy× nq Ges
hy‡×i d‡j GMviwmÜzi cÖPÛfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq|
Ges ïay evwYR¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e wU‡K _v‡K|
14
nvmvb, W. ˆmq` gvngy`yj, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ
15
Avn‡g`, G we Gg kvgmywÏb, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ
28
AvKei bvgvq Cmv LAb‡K Ô‡giRevb-B-fvwÆÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|14
1557 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzi `yM©Øv‡i Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj †mbvcwZ gvbwmsn Gi cy
ï ci GMviwmÜyi gymv Lvb Gi KZ©…Zvaxb nq| Gmgq ch©šÍ GMviwmÜzi GKwU `yM© I
v½xi Gi Avg‡j Dmgvb Lvb †jvnvbxi wbqš¿‡b wQj GMviwmÜzi|
K‡i gyMjMY Dmgvb Lv‡bi weiy‡× Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i|
m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Gi mg‡q 1638 wLªóv‡ã Avmvg ivR 500 †bŠhvbmn GMviwmÜzi Avµgb
hy‡×i d‡j GMviwmÜzi cÖPÛfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq| Gici †_‡K G AÂjwU ax‡i ax‡i HwZn¨ nviv‡Z _v‡K
Ges ïay evwYR¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e wU‡K _v‡K|15
evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ©, 2001, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv - 269|
, LÛ-2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72
1557 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzi `yM©Øv‡i Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj †mbvcwZ gvbwmsn Gi cyÎ `yR©bwmsn wbnZ
…Zvaxb nq| Gmgq ch©šÍ GMviwmÜzi GKwU `yM© I
evnvwi¯Ívb-B-Mv‡qex
m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Gi mg‡q 1638 wLªóv‡ã Avmvg ivR 500 †bŠhvbmn GMviwmÜzi Avµgb K‡ib|
Gici †_‡K G AÂjwU ax‡i ax‡i HwZn¨ nviv‡Z _v‡K

6
Cmv Luvi gmb‡` Avjv, gvbwms‡ni R½jevox, evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr C‡ì RvgvqvZ †kvjvwKqv E`Mvn ,
GMvi wmÜzi `yM© Ges †QvU-eo AmsL¨ nvIi
Avgv‡ì gv÷v‡m©i gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜz MÖvgwU wbe©vPb Kwi| G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wkÿiv Avgv‡`
mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb| GB MÖvgwU †e‡Q †bIqvi A‡bK KviY wQj| GMviwmÜzi MÖvgwU c~e© †_‡KB HwZn¨
gwÛZ wQj| Gi cvk w`‡q eªþcyÎ b`x e‡q †M‡Q| GB MÖv‡g Cmv Luvi `yM© wQj hv Avgiv c~‡e©B Rvb‡Z
cvwi| ¯’vbxq‡ì Kv‡Q GwU Cmv Luvi `yM© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| 1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j GKwU
cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| DrLb‡b GLv‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy`ªv mn A‡bK cÖZœe¯‘ cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ GB
DrLbb m¤ú‡K© Avi †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv ev DrLb‡bi †Kvb wjwLZ DcvË ev WKz‡g›U cvIqv hvq
bv| G Qvov GB HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖv‡g †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi Z_¨ c
HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv GMviwmÜzi Ae¯’vb Kgc‡ÿ wLªóc~e© GKnvRvi eQ‡ii †P‡q cÖvPxb| ZvB Avgiv
gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GB AÂj‡K wbev©Pb Kwi|
Avgv‡ì gvVKg© wQj AbymÜvbg~jK ZvwË¡K M‡elYv| gvV ch©v‡qi M‡elYvi c~‡e© Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi
jÿ¨ wba©vib Kiv nq hv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri MwZ‡K mPj iv‡L|
ℵ Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi cÖavb jÿ¨ wQj G AÂ‡ji Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv cÖZœ¯’vb¸‡jv mbv
Rb¨ Avgiv G AÂjwU cv‡q †n‡U gvVKg© Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|
ℵ GB AÂjwU‡Z cÖvPxb RbemwZ wQj| wKš‘ Zvi †Kvb cÖZœZvwË¡K
gvVch©v‡q cÖZœe¯‘ msMÖ‡ni †Póv Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|
, GMviwmÜzi
29
¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi KviY
Luvi gmb‡` Avjv, gvbwms‡ni R½jevox, evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr C‡ì RvgvqvZ †kvjvwKqv E`Mvn ,
-eo AmsL¨ nvIi-evI‡qi †Rjv wK‡kviMÄ| cÖwZ eQ‡ii g‡Zv G eQi
Avgv‡ì gv÷v‡m©i gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜz MÖvgwU wbe©vPb Kwi| G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wkÿiv Avgv‡`
cvwi| ¯’vbxq‡ì Kv‡Q GwU Cmv Luvi `yM© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| 1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j GKwU
bv| G Qvov GB HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖv‡g †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi Z_¨ c
gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GB AÂj‡K wbev©Pb Kwi|
M‡elYvi jÿ¨ wba©viY
vib Kiv nq hv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri MwZ‡K mPj iv‡L| wb‡gœ Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv
Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi cÖavb jÿ¨ wQj G AÂ‡ji Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv cÖZœ¯’vb¸‡jv mbv
Rb¨ Avgiv G AÂjwU cv‡q †n‡U gvVKg© Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|
GB AÂjwU‡Z cÖvPxb RbemwZ wQj| wKš‘ Zvi †Kvb cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©b †bB| ZvB Avgiv
gvVch©v‡q cÖZœe¯‘ msMÖ‡ni †Póv Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|
Luvi gmb‡` Avjv, gvbwms‡ni R½jevox, evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr C‡ì RvgvqvZ †kvjvwKqv E`Mvn ,
cÖwZ eQ‡ii g‡Zv G eQi
Avgv‡ì gv÷v‡m©i gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜz MÖvgwU wbe©vPb Kwi| G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wkÿiv Avgv‡ì
cvwi| ¯’vbxq‡ì Kv‡Q GwU Cmv Luvi `yM© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| 1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j GKwU DrLbb Kvh©
bv| G Qvov GB HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖv‡g †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv|
L Kiv n‡jv-
Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi cÖavb jÿ¨ wQj G AÂ‡ji Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv cÖZœ¯’vb¸‡jv mbv³ Kiv| G
wb`k©b †bB| ZvB Avgiv

ℵ G AÂ‡ji Dch©y³ †Kvb ¯’v‡b Avgiv cixÿvg~jK wWM †Ìqvi wmÜvšÍ †bB| G Rb¨
ch©vß cwigvb cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|
ℵ G AÂ‡ji emwZ weY¨vm wbb©q Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|
ℵ Avgiv Avgv‡ì Z_¨¸‡jv bw_fz
DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ wjwLZ bw_fz
¯’vbxq‡ì mvÿvZKv‡ii gva¨‡g DcvË msMÖn Kwi|
ℵ ‡h‡nZz Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb avibv †bB ZvB Avgiv cÖZœ¯’jmg~‡ni mgqKvj m¤^‡Ü avibv
jv‡fi †Póv Kwi|
ℵ GB AÂ‡ji f~-cÖvK…wZK I eZ©gvb B‡KvjwRK¨vj cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶b Kiv|
ℵ GB AÂ‡ji cÖZœ¯’‡ji we¯Í…
ℵ cÖvß I msM„nxZ cÖZœwb`k©b m¤^‡Ü avibv jvf Kiv|
30
†Kvb ¯’v‡b Avgiv cixÿvg~jK wWM †Ìqvi wmÜvšÍ †bB| G Rb¨
ch©vß cwigvb cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|
G AÂ‡ji emwZ weY¨vm wbb©q Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|
Avgiv Avgv‡ì Z_¨¸‡jv bw_fz³ Kivi Rb¨ dg© ˆZix, mv`v KvMR, Kjg mn G ai‡bi
DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ wjwLZ bw_fz³KiY c×wZ †e‡Q †bB| cvkvcvwk d‡UvMÖvwd, wfwWI Ges
¯’vbxq‡ì mvÿvZKv‡ii gva¨‡g DcvË msMÖn Kwi|
‡h‡nZz Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb avibv †bB ZvB Avgiv cÖZœ¯’jmg~‡ni mgqKvj m¤^‡Ü avibv
cÖvK…wZK I eZ©gvb B‡KvjwRK¨vj cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶b Kiv|
GB AÂ‡ji cÖZœ¯’‡ji we¯Í…wZ m¤ú‡K© avibv jvf Kiv|
cÖvß I msM„nxZ cÖZœwb`k©b m¤^‡Ü avibv jvf Kiv|
†Kvb ¯’v‡b Avgiv cixÿvg~jK wWM †Ìqvi wmÜvšÍ †bB| G Rb¨
ivi Rb¨ dg© ˆZix, mv`v KvMR, Kjg mn G ai‡bi
KiY c×wZ †e‡Q †bB| cvkvcvwk d‡UvMÖvwd, wfwWI Ges
‡h‡nZz Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb avibv †bB ZvB Avgiv cÖZœ¯’jmg~‡ni mgqKvj m¤^‡Ü avibv
cÖvK…wZK I eZ©gvb B‡KvjwRK¨vj cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶b Kiv|

7
Avgiv Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi j‡ÿ Rwic c×wZ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ| KviY Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi
Rb¨ Rwic c×wZB me‡P‡q †ewk Dc‡hvMx|
mgvR weÁv‡b M‡elYv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb
GK. AbymÜvbg~jK M‡elYv :
mvwe©K AbymÜvb Kiv nq Ges Gi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK aib‡i ZË¡ Ges c×wZ MÖnb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
`yB. cixÿvg~jK M‡elYv : G ai‡bi M‡elYvq †Kvb we‡kl wel‡qi Kvh©KviY ev Ab¨ ai‡bi m~Î‡K
cixÿv Kiv nq| †hgb †Kvb KviLvbvq wK ai‡bi kÖwgK KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡ì
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’A †Kgb, Zv‡ì mšÍvb‡ì cov‡jLv Kiv‡bv nq wKbv BZ¨vw` welq‡K cixÿv Kiv nq|
wZb. mgm¨v mgvav‡b ag©xq M‡elYv
Kiv nq|
Avgv‡ì M‡elYv cixÿvag©x ev mgm¨v mgvavbag©x bq| GwU GKwU A
Avgiv Avgv‡ì M‡elYv K‡qKwU av‡c mgvavb Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ| gvVK‡g© AbymÜvb Kivi c~‡e© Avgiv
wb¤œwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b K‡iwQ| †hgb
‡kÖbx K‡ÿi Av‡jvPbv
Av‡jvPbv Kwi| wkÿK Avgv‡ì G m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq MvBW I cicgk© cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e
K‡qKevi †kÖbxK‡ÿ Av‡jvPbvi eë¯’v Kiv nq|
MÖnvšÍwiK M‡elYv
Avek¨Kxq| GwU eo AvKv‡i ev †QvU AvKv‡iI n‡Z cv‡i| Gi gva¨‡g M‡elYvi jÿ AR©i
A‡bK mnR nq| ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi ci Avgiv M‡elYv AÂ‡ji m¤ú‡K© †Kvb wjwLZ Dcv`vb
, GMviwmÜzi
31
gvV c~e© KvR
Rb¨ Rwic c×wZB me‡P‡q †ewk Dc‡hvMx|
mgvR weÁv‡b M‡elYv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb
AbymÜvbg~jK M‡elYv : G aib‡i M‡elYvq †Kvb AcwiwPZ ev ¯^í cwiwPZ welq ev mgm¨vi
we©K AbymÜvb Kiv nq Ges Gi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK aib‡i ZË¡ Ges c×wZ MÖnb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv
: G ai‡bi M‡elYvq †Kvb we‡kl wel‡qi Kvh©KviY ev Ab¨ ai‡bi m~Î‡K
cixÿv Kiv nq| †hgb †Kvb KviLvbvq wK ai‡bi kÖwgK KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡ì
mgm¨v mgvav‡b ag©xq M‡elYv : G aib‡i M‡elYvq wbw`©ó GKwU welq‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mgvavb
Avgv‡ì M‡elYv cixÿvag©x ev mgm¨v mgvavbag©x bq| GwU GKwU AbymÜvbg~jK ZvwË¡K M‡elYv|
wb¤œwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b K‡iwQ| †hgb
‡kÖbx K‡ÿi Av‡jvPbv : cÖ_‡gB Avgiv Avgv‡ì wkÿKmn QvÎQvÎx‡ì wb‡q cÖZœ¯’vb m¤ú‡K©
K‡qKevi †kÖbxK‡ÿ Av‡jvPbvi eë¯’v Kiv nq|
: †h †Kvb M‡elYvi Rb¨ cÖ_g c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e MÖnvšÍwiK M‡elYv
G aib‡i M‡elYvq †Kvb AcwiwPZ ev ¯^í cwiwPZ welq ev mgm¨vi
we©K AbymÜvb Kiv nq Ges Gi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK aib‡i ZË¡ Ges c×wZ MÖnb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv
: G ai‡bi M‡elYvq †Kvb we‡kl wel‡qi Kvh©KviY ev Ab¨ ai‡bi m~Î‡K
cixÿv Kiv nq| †hgb †Kvb KviLvbvq wK ai‡bi kÖwgK KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡ì ˆjw½K, mvgvwRK
: G aib‡i M‡elYvq wbw`©ó GKwU welq‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mgvavb
bymÜvbg~jK ZvwË¡K M‡elYv|
: cÖ_‡gB Avgiv Avgv‡ì wkÿKmn QvÎQvÎx‡ì wb‡q cÖZœ¯’vb m¤ú‡K©
: †h †Kvb M‡elYvi Rb¨ cÖ_g c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e MÖnvšÍwiK M‡elYv

Av‡Q wKbv Zv Rvbv Ges M‡elYv AÂj m¤ú‡K© c~e© AwfÁZv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ wWcvU©‡g›U
jvB‡eªix mn wewfbœ jvB‡eªix‡
c~e©eZ©x DrLbb Kg© : 1933 mv‡j GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gi †Kvb
we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ Rvbv hvqwb (m~Î evsjvwcwWqv)| GQvovI G AÂ‡j Aveyj Kvjvg ‡gvnv¤§`
hvKvwiqv mn A‡bK e¨w
AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb|
gvbwPÎ : gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡ M‡elYvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~b© Dcv`
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i cÖZœ¯’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi f~ZvwË¡K cwieZ©b, b`
Ae¯’vb, w`K cwieZ©b, Awfevmb, wbKUeZx© cvwbi Drm wn‡m‡e Lvj, we‡j
Rvbv hvq| ZvB Avgiv wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© H AÂ‡ji g¨vc msMÖn K‡i †bB|
AvKvk Av‡jvKwPÎ ch©‡eÿY
gva¨‡g G AT‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© avibv cvB hv Avgv‡ì M‡elbv A‡bKvs‡k
GwM‡q wb‡q hvq|
mv‡f© wWRvBb : wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© Avgiv gvVKg© m¤úv`‡bi GKwU iæc‡iLv ˆZix Kwi|
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvR wba©vib, wKfv‡e WvUv †iKW© Kiv n‡e, cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ mn me wKQzi GKwU
c~e© cwiKíbv K‡i †bB|
AÂjwUi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wg_
Gi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq wKQz e¨w³
hy³| ZeyI KLbI KLbI Gme wg_ Gi gva¨‡g H AÂ‡ji A‡bK Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| †hgb G
AÂ‡ji GMvi Rb cx‡ii Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡b GB MÖv‡gi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q GMviwmÜz hv ¯’vbxq
RbMb †_‡K Rvbv hvq|
Ab¨vb¨ wjwLZ eb©bv : cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri wjwLZ eY©bvI Avgiv m‡½ wb‡q hvB|
mvBU †iKwW©s dg© : Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix Kwi Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨|
32
jvB‡eªix mn wewfbœ jvB‡eªix‡Z AbymÜvb K‡iwQ|
© : 1933 mv‡j GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gi †Kvb
hvKvwiqv mn A‡bK e¨w³ AbymÜvb K‡i †M‡Qb| wKš‘ hvKvwiqv Qvov Avi Kv‡iv †Kvb
~jK Kv‡Ri Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb|
: gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡ M‡elYvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~b© Dcv`vb| gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡K‡K LyeB
Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i cÖZœ¯’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi f~ZvwË¡K cwieZ©b, b`
Ae¯’vb, w`K cwieZ©b, Awfevmb, wbKUeZx© cvwbi Drm wn‡m‡e Lvj, we‡j
AvKvk Av‡jvKwPÎ ch©‡eÿY : ¸Mj Av_© Gi gva¨‡g G AÂ‡ji GKwU Gwiqvj wfD †bB| Gi
: wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© Avgiv gvVKg© m¤úv`‡bi GKwU iæc‡iLv ˆZix Kwi|
c~e© cwiKíbv K‡i †bB|
AÂjwUi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wg_ : Avgiv GB AÂ‡ji †Kvb wg_ Av‡Q wKbv Zv hvbvi †Póv K
Gi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq wKQz e¨w³‡ì mvnvh¨ †bB| hwÌ Gme wg_¸‡jv A‡bKvs‡k Mí Kvwnbx Øviv
ZeyI KLbI KLbI Gme wg_ Gi gva¨‡g H AÂ‡ji A‡bK Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| †hgb G
AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g GLv‡b Avgiv A‡bK¸‡jv AÁvZ Kei cvB|
: cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri wjwLZ eY©bvI Avgiv m‡½ wb‡q hvB|
Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix Kwi Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨|
© : 1933 mv‡j GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gi †Kvb
AbymÜvb K‡i †M‡Qb| wKš‘ hvKvwiqv Qvov Avi Kv‡iv †Kvb
vb| gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡K‡K LyeB
Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i cÖZœ¯’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi f~ZvwË¡K cwieZ©b, b`-b`xi
Ae¯’vb, w`K cwieZ©b, Awfevmb, wbKUeZx© cvwbi Drm wn‡m‡e Lvj, we‡ji Ae¯’vb cÖf„wZ
: ¸Mj Av_© Gi gva¨‡g G AÂ‡ji GKwU Gwiqvj wfD †bB| Gi
: wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© Avgiv gvVKg© m¤úv`‡bi GKwU iæc‡iLv ˆZix Kwi|
Avgiv GB AÂ‡ji †Kvb wg_ Av‡Q wKbv Zv hvbvi †Póv Kwi|
‡ì mvnvh¨ †bB| hwÌ Gme wg_¸‡jv A‡bKvs‡k Mí Kvwnbx Øviv
ZeyI KLbI KLbI Gme wg_ Gi gva¨‡g H AÂ‡ji A‡bK Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| †hgb G
AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g GLv‡b Avgiv A‡bK¸‡jv AÁvZ Kei cvB|
: cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri wjwLZ eY©bvI Avgiv m‡½ wb‡q hvB|
Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix Kwi Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨|

Field Survey in Pakundia, Kishoregang
Survey Data Collection sheet
Department of Archaeology
Jahangirnagar University
Name of the Site:
Site Code:
Geo Coordinates:
Lat Long
Location: Upazilla:
Thana
Union:
Village:
Mouza, G. L No, S.L No :
Descriptive Location :
Owner of the Site:
Brief History:
, GMviwmÜzi
33
Field Survey in Pakundia, Kishoregang
Collection sheet
Department of Archaeology
Jahangirnagar University
Lat Long
Upazilla:
Thana:
Union:
Village:
Mouza, G. L No, S.L No :
Descriptive Location :

8
Avgiv †hfv‡e Avgv‡ì gvVKg© m¤úv`b K‡iwQ Zv wb‡b¥ D‡jøL Kiv nj :
cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ : gvV Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|
G¸‡jv nj wewfbœ ai‡Yi wdì K¨v‡giv
†j‡ej†¯‹i, i“jvi, R¨vwgwZK bKkvi miÄvg
wcÖR‡gwUK K¤úvm, ‡QvU †bvU eyK
eo eªvk, wb`k©Y ivLvi e¨vM
I MÖvd kxU cÖf„wZ Gi Aš
cvu‡q nvUv : cÖZœ¯’v‡b cvu‡q †n‡U f~wgi Dcwifv‡M cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘i aib †`‡L Ges cwigvY †`‡L
GKRb cÖZœZvwË¡K H cÖZœ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Avgiv cv‡q †n‡U cÖZœ¯’vb
mbv³ Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ|
cÖZœ¯’vb wPwýZKiY : Avgv‡ì M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖavb Drm wQj cv‡q †n‡U ågY Ges
ch©‡eÿY| G Rb¨ Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖvg Ny‡iwQ| GB MÖv‡g cÖvq 30wUi †ewk ‡ÿÎ mbv
K‡iwQ| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯’v‡bi Av‡jvKwPÎ, wRwcm WvUv mn wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv msMÖn Kwi| Gi
Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì wi‡cvU© Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ|
mvBU †iKwW©s dg© c~iY :
dg© Abyhvqx c~iY K‡iwQ|
mvi‡dm Kv‡jKkb : cv‡q †n‡U åg‡Yi mgq f~wg‡Z `„k¨gvb cÖZœe¯‘ msMÖn Kwi Ges Zv cwj
e¨v‡M U¨vM w`‡q msiÿY Kwi|
K›Uzi : Cmv Lvi `~M© Z_v cxi MwieyjøvM gvRv‡ii DuPz wXwei K›Uzi g¨vc Kwi| Gi gva¨‡g Gi
f~wgi eÜziZv wbb©q Kiv hvq| GB ¯’v‡bi K›Uzi Kivi Kvib nj, hwÌ GjvKvevmx‡ì g‡Z
GwU Cmv Luvi `~M© wKš‘ Avgiv GLv‡b GKwU aŸsmve‡kl ¯’vc‡Zï bgybv †c‡qwQ|
34
gvVKg©
gvVKg© m¤úv`b K‡iwQ Zv wb‡b¥ D‡jøL Kiv nj :
gvV Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|
wewfbœ ai‡Yi wdì K¨v‡giv †cøb †Uwej (÷¨vÛmn), Wªwqs †evW©
R¨vwgwZK bKkvi miÄvg, Wªwqs †cwÝj, Kvwj I Kjg
‡QvU †bvU eyK, wcK ev MvBwZ, †ejPv, †jvnvi KovB, Uªwj†Kvb gvcK
wb`k©Y ivLvi e¨vM, ¯’vqx Kvwj, Kjg/gvK©vi, cwjw_b e¨vM, wb`k©b †iKW© Kivi LvZv
cÖf„wZ Gi Aš—f©~³|
cvu‡q †n‡U f~wgi Dcwifv‡M cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘i aib †`‡L Ges cwigvY †`‡L
Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ|
Avgv‡ì M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖavb Drm wQj cv‡q †n‡U ågY Ges
ÿY| G Rb¨ Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖvg Ny‡iwQ| GB MÖv‡g cÖvq 30wUi †ewk ‡ÿÎ mbv
Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì wi‡cvU© Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ|
: Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix K‡iwQ Ges
dg© Abyhvqx c~iY K‡iwQ|
cv‡q †n‡U åg‡Yi mgq f~wg‡Z `„k¨gvb cÖZœe¯‘ msMÖn Kwi Ges Zv cwj
e¨v‡M U¨vM w`‡q msiÿY Kwi|
Cmv Lvi `~M© Z_v cxi MwieyjøvM gvRv‡ii DuPz wXwei K›Uzi g¨vc Kwi| Gi gva¨‡g Gi
wbb©q Kiv hvq| GB ¯’v‡bi K›Uzi Kivi Kvib nj, hwÌ GjvKvevmx‡ì g‡Z
gvV Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|
Wªwqs †evW©, †Uc, evej
Kvwj I Kjg, MÖvd wmU,
Uªwj†Kvb gvcK, †QvU
wb`k©b †iKW© Kivi LvZv
cvu‡q †n‡U f~wgi Dcwifv‡M cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘i aib †`‡L Ges cwigvY †`‡L
Avgv‡ì M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖavb Drm wQj cv‡q †n‡U ågY Ges
ÿY| G Rb¨ Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖvg Ny‡iwQ| GB MÖv‡g cÖvq 30wUi †ewk ‡ÿÎ mbv³
Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix K‡iwQ Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ¯’v‡bi Z_¨
cv‡q †n‡U åg‡Yi mgq f~wg‡Z `„k¨gvb cÖZœe¯‘ msMÖn Kwi Ges Zv cwj
Cmv Lvi `~M© Z_v cxi MwieyjøvM gvRv‡ii DuPz wXwei K›Uzi g¨vc Kwi| Gi gva¨‡g Gi
wbb©q Kiv hvq| GB ¯’v‡bi K›Uzi Kivi Kvib nj, hwÌ GjvKvevmx‡ì g‡Z

¯’vc‡Zï cwigvc wbb©q
Zvi GKwU cwigvc wb‡qwQ| we‡kl K‡i gmwR
AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb
cwigvY Ges me‡P‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq n‡jv cÖZœZvwË¡K wK ai‡bi Z_¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡Qb Zvi cÖK…wZi
Dci| AbymÜvb g~jK DrLbb `yB cÖKv‡ii, h_v:
(K) Test pit Ñ mvaviYZ 1
Deposite Gi MfxiZv I ¯Í
Rb¨ Test pit Kiv nq|
(L) Test Trench Ñ GwU mvaviYZ j¤^v bvjvi gZ n‡q _v‡K|
D‡Ïk¨ cÖvq GKB ai‡bi|
Avgiv GLv‡bI GKwU
†U÷ wcU †bB| GwU cyKzi
cv‡o †bIqv nq| GwU
†bIqvi Kvib nj cyKz‡ii
Av‡kcv‡k cÖPzi cwigv‡b
g„rcv‡Îi fv½v Ask
cvIqv hvq| ZvB Avgiv
GLv‡bi ¯Íi web¨vm
mbv³KiY I cixÿvg~jK DrLbb Kwi|
‡mKkb WªBs : Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii c
WªBs Kwi|
, GMviwmÜzi
35
¯’vc‡Zï cwigvc wbb©q : Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g hZ¸‡jv aŸsmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ †c‡qwQ
Zvi GKwU cwigvc wb‡qwQ| we‡kl K‡i gmwR` I gw›ì ¯’vcZ¨¸‡jvi|
AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb : AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb wbf©i K‡i cÖZœ¯’v‡bi AvK…wZ, A_©, mg‡qi
Dci| AbymÜvb g~jK DrLbb `yB cÖKv‡ii, h_v:
Ñ mvaviYZ 1 1 wg ¯’vb Ry‡o Lbb Kiv nq Ges Test pit
Gi MfxiZv I ¯Íivqb eySevi Rb¨ Ges wbw`©ó ¯’vcwZ¨K KvVv‡gv‡K wPwýZ Kivi
Kiv nq|
Ñ GwU mvaviYZ j¤^v bvjvi gZ n‡q _v‡K| Test Pit I Test Trench
D‡Ïk¨ cÖvq GKB ai‡bi|
Avgiv GLv‡bI GKwU
†U÷ wcU †bB| GwU cyKzi
cv‡o †bIqv nq| GwU
†bIqvi Kvib nj cyKz‡ii
Av‡kcv‡k cÖPzi cwigv‡b
g„rcv‡Îi fv½v Ask
cvIqv hvq| ZvB Avgiv
GLv‡bi ¯Íi web¨vm
mbv³KiY I cixÿvg~jK DrLbb Kwi|
Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKz‡i cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi GKwU †mgkb
Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g hZ¸‡jv aŸsmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ †c‡qwQ
` I gw›ì ¯’vcZ¨¸‡jvi|
AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb wbf©i K‡i cÖZœ¯’v‡bi AvK…wZ, A_©, mg‡qi
Test pit Kiv nq| mvaviYZ
ivqb eySevi Rb¨ Ges wbw`©ó ¯’vcwZ¨K KvVv‡gv‡K wPwýZ Kivi
Test Pit I Test Trench Kivi
wðg cv‡ki cyKz‡i cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi GKwU †mgkb

bw_fz³KiY : G QvovI Avgiv ¯’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv mv`v KvM‡R
bw_fz³ Kwi|
36
G QvovI Avgiv ¯’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv mv`v KvM‡RG QvovI Avgiv ¯’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv mv`v KvM‡R

9 AbymÜvbK…Z cÖZœ¯’v‡bi weeiY
1. kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`
Ae¯’vb : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbi GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
Aÿvsk I `ªvwNgvsk : 24
mvBU †KvW : SSM
eb©bv : avivevwnK ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j gmwR`wU eZ©gv‡b fvj Ae¯’vq wU‡K Av‡Q| c~e© w`‡K GKwU
cÖ‡ekc_ mn wbPz cÖvPxi †Niv mvgvb¨ DPz GKwU cøvUd‡g©i Dci
gmwR`wU ¯’vwcZ| cÖ‡ekc_wU ‡`vPvjv Qv` wewkó GKwU
AvqZKvi KvVv‡gv| g~j gmwR`wU eM©vKvi Ges †fZ‡ii w`K
w`‡q Gi cÖwZ cv‡k¦i gvc 5.79 wgUvi| ewn©fv‡M Pvi‡Kv‡b PviwU
Aóf~RvKvi eyiæR i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU eyiæR gmwR‡ì Qv` Qwo‡q
†ek LvbwKUv Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q|G¸‡jvi kxl© QÎx mn wb‡iU †QvU
M¤^y‡R mgvß n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© G¸‡ji kx‡l© Kjm AvK„wZ †kvwfZ
wQj hvi cÖgvb GLbI `wÿY-
†`Lv hvq| gmwR‡ì c~e© w`‡K wZbwU wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q,
‡h¸‡jvi m¤§yLfvM LuvRhy³|
wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q| cwðg ‡`qv‡j i‡q‡Q wZbwU
, GMviwmÜzi
37
AbymÜvbK…Z cÖZœ¯’v‡bi weeiY
ag©xq ¯’vcZ¨ (gmwR`)
kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbi GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
24º15.41 DËi I 90 º 39.50 c~e©
avivevwnK ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j gmwR`wU eZ©gv‡b fvj Ae¯’vq wU‡K Av‡Q| c~e© w`‡K GKwU
cÖ‡ekc_ mn wbPz cÖvPxi †Niv mvgvb¨ DPz GKwU cøvUd‡g©i Dci
gmwR`wU ¯’vwcZ| cÖ‡ekc_wU ‡`vPvjv Qv` wewkó GKwU
AvqZKvi KvVv‡gv| g~j gmwR`wU eM©vKvi Ges †fZ‡ii w`K
gvc 5.79 wgUvi| ewn©fv‡M Pvi‡Kv‡b PviwU
Aóf~RvKvi eyiæR i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU eyiæR gmwR‡ì Qv` Qwo‡q
†ek LvbwKUv Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q|G¸‡jvi kxl© QÎx mn wb‡iU †QvU
M¤^y‡R mgvß n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© G¸‡ji kx‡l© Kjm AvK„wZ †kvwfZ
wQj hvi cÖgvb GLbI `wÿY-cwðg †Kv‡Yi GKwU eyiæ‡R GLbI
†`Lv hvq| gmwR‡ì c~e© w`‡K wZbwU wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q,
³| DËi I `wÿY †gqv‡j GKwU K‡i
wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q| cwðg ‡`qv‡j i‡q‡Q wZbwU wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv
kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbi GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
avivevwnK ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j gmwR`wU eZ©gv‡b fvj Ae¯’vq wU‡K Av‡Q| c~e© w`‡K GKwU
wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv

wgnive| †Kw›`ªq wgnive Aóf~RvK…wZi Ges evKx `ywU AvqZKvi|
wLjvbc_ Zv‡ì evKx `y‡Uv †_‡K AvqZ‡b e„nr| gmwR‡ì m¤§yLfv‡M wZbwU wLjvbc_ Ges †Kw›`ªq
wgniv‡ei mvg‡b i‡q‡Q PviwU d«Èb| G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡k i‡q‡Q Avj¼wiK ÿz`ª wgbvi|
ewn©fv‡Mi wgbvi¸wj c¨viv‡cU Qvwo‡q D
†gvMj ixwZi Avbyf~wgK| gmwR‡ì Qv` Aóf~RvK…wZi Wªv‡gi Dci ¯’vwcZ wekvj GK M¤^yR Øviv
Av”Qvw`Z| M¤^yR kxl© we¯Í…Z cÙ I Kjm Pzov Øviv †kvwfZ| ¯‹zBÂ c×wZ‡Z gmwR‡ì M¤^yR emv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| gmwR`wU cøv÷vi I †cvovgv
i‡q‡Q wLjvbmvwi c¨v‡b‡ji Avbyf~wgK mvwi, hv jZv cvZv †gvwUd AjsK…Z †cvovgvwUi bKkv Øviv
êwkógwÛZ| c~e©w`‡Ki wZbwU cÖ‡ekc_ Avw`‡Z †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv AjsK…Z wQj, hv GLbI
38
wgnive| †Kw›`ªq wgnive Aóf~RvK…wZi Ges evKx `ywU AvqZKvi| †Kw›`ªq wgnive Ges †Kw›`ªq
wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`
ewn©fv‡Mi wgbvi¸wj c¨viv‡cU Qvwo‡q Dc‡i D‡Q †M‡Q| gmwR‡ì c¨viv‡cU I Kvwb©m¸‡jv cÖPwjZ
n‡q‡Q| gmwR`wU cøv÷vi I †cvovgvwUi dj‡Ki mgš^‡q mw¾Z| gmwR`wUi c~e© d¨vmv‡ì DfqcÖv‡šÍ
†Kw›`ªq wgnive Ges †Kw›`ªq
c‡i D‡Q †M‡Q| gmwR‡ì c¨viv‡cU I Kvwb©m¸‡jv cÖPwjZ
wUi dj‡Ki mgš^‡q mw¾Z| gmwR`wUi c~e© d¨vmv‡ì DfqcÖv‡šÍ

wRY©ve¯’vq †Kw›`ªq wLjvb c‡_
AvqZKvi c¨v‡b‡ji AMfxi bKkvq mw¾Z| Pvi †Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj DwÌZ eÜbx Øviv wef
G‡ì cjKvUv QÎx e× wLjvb †gvwUd Øviv AjsK…Z| AwfwÿZ d«›U‡bi ÿz`ª wgbvi¸wj KjKx AvK…wZi
†c‡hóvjhy³| c¨viv‡cU I Aóf’RvK…wZi Wªvg
me wgniveB †cvovgwUi djK Øviv mw¾Z| wgnive¸‡jv wLjvbvK…wZi Ges m¤§yLfvM en& LvR wewkó|
wgnive wLjv‡bi fvi enbKvix †Ìqvj Af¨šÍišÍ ¯Í¤¢¸wj cvcwo bKkvi wd«R m¤^wjZ Avj¼wiK eÜbx
Øviv mw¾Z|wLjvb¸wji ¯úªv‡W‡j eZ©gv‡b bKkv wenxb g‡b n
Aj¼…Z wQj| mg¯Í wgnive GKwc AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ b¨v¯Í| †Kw›`ªq wgniv‡ei AvqZKvi †d«‡gi
kx‡l© dzj mn †QvU †QvU Mv‡Qi bKkvq mw¾Z GK mvwi wLjvb Kzjyw½ i‡q‡Q|
gmwR`wU AjsK…Z ÿz`ª wgbvi mg„× Awfwÿß Pvi Aÿxq d«›U‡bi Rb¨ we‡
cv‡i| GB ixwZwU m¤¢eZ cvi‡mï cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ DËi fvi‡Zi d‡Zncyi wmwµ, AvMÖv I w`wjøi
g‡vMj ixwZi Pvi Aÿxq BIqvb ixwZi cÖ‡ekc_ †L‡K M„nxZ| Avi GB we‡kl êwkó¨ I f~wg bKkvi
Kvi‡b GwU XvKvi AvjøvKzix gmwR` (Avby. 1680 wLª.) Gi mv‡_ Zz
16
evwi, Gg G, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-9, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315 I evwi, Gg G,
Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 288|
, GMviwmÜzi
39
wRY©ve¯’vq †Kw›`ªq wLjvb c‡_ msiwÿZ Av‡Q| evwK wZbwU †`qv‡ji ewn©fvM eM©vKvi I
AvqZKvi c¨v‡b‡ji AMfxi bKkvq mw¾Z| Pvi †Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj DwÌZ eÜbx Øviv wef
c¨viv‡cU I Aóf’RvK…wZi Wªvg e× gvi‡jvb wd«R bKkvq mw¾Z|
Øviv mw¾Z|wLjvb¸wji ¯úªv‡W‡j eZ©gv‡b bKkv wenxb g‡b n‡jI c~‡e© GLv‡b †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv
kx‡l© dzj mn †QvU †QvU Mv‡Qi bKkvq mw¾Z GK mvwi wLjvb Kzjyw½ i‡q‡Q|
gmwR`wU AjsK…Z ÿz`ª wgbvi mg„× Awfwÿß Pvi Aÿxq d«›U‡bi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡jø‡Li `vwe Ki‡Z
Kvi‡b GwU XvKvi AvjøvKzix gmwR` (Avby. 1680 wLª.) Gi mv‡_ Zzjbxq|16
wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì AjsKiY
9, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315 I evwi, Gg G,
Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 288|
msiwÿZ Av‡Q| evwK wZbwU †`qv‡ji ewn©fvM eM©vKvi I
AvqZKvi c¨v‡b‡ji AMfxi bKkvq mw¾Z| Pvi †Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj DwÌZ eÜbx Øviv wef³ Ges
e× gvi‡jvb wd«R bKkvq mw¾Z|
‡jI c~‡e© GLv‡b †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv
klfv‡e D‡jø‡Li `vwe Ki‡Z
wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì AjsKiY
9, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315 I evwi, Gg G, ¯’vcZ¨, m¤úv. G we

†`vPvjv Ni : gmwR‡ì †ZviY wn‡m‡e wbwg©Z DËi
AvqZb 25©*13©-8©©| N‡ii wVK gvSLvb w`‡q cÖ‡ek c_| c~e© †`qvj ìRv I Rvbvjvi AvKv‡i wbwg©Z
Kzjyw½ I c¨v‡bj Øviv †kvwfZ| Dc‡ii cvKv Qv` wVK evOjvi Kzu‡o N‡ii gZ| G ai‡bi †`vPvjv
N‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cÖ‡ekc‡_i m„wó GK Awfbe‡Z¡i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| GB †`vPvjv cÖ‡ekc_wUi mv‡_ †MŠ‡o
wbwg©Z d‡Zn kv‡ni mgvwai ûeû mv`ªk¨ i‡q‡Q| avibv Kiv nq 1657
mgvwa AbyKi‡b GB gmwR`wU wbg©vb Kiv nq|
Kei : gmwR‡ì Avw½bvi GKav‡i †ek K‡qKwU cÖvPxb cvKv Kei Av‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
gmwR` wbg©vZv kvn †gvnv¤§‡ì KeiI Av‡Q e‡j ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì KvQ †_‡K Rvbv hvq|
wkjvwjwc : gmwR‡` GKwU wkjvwjwc wQj| †mwU nvwi‡q hvIqvi d‡j G gmwR` K‡i wbwg©Z
n‡qwQj, Zvi mwVZ mb-ZvwiL ejv
wbwg©Z n‡qwQj| ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì KvQ †_‡K hvbv hvq †h, kvn †gvnv¤§` bv‡g GKRb ì‡ek G
gmwR` wbg©vb K‡iwQ‡jb|18
17
18
hvKvwiqv, Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`,
40
gmwR‡ì †ZviY wn‡m‡e wbwg©Z DËi-`wÿ‡Y j¤^v GB †`vPvjv N‡ii
8©©| N‡ii wVK gvSLvb w`‡q cÖ‡ek c_| c~e© †`qvj ìRv I Rvbvjvi AvKv‡i wbwg©Z
‡_i m„wó GK Awfbe‡Z¡i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| GB †`vPvjv cÖ‡ekc_wUi mv‡_ †MŠ‡o
wbwg©Z d‡Zn kv‡ni mgvwai ûeû mv`ªk¨ i‡q‡Q| avibv Kiv nq 1657-1660 wLªóv‡ã wbwg©Z GB
mgvwa AbyKi‡b GB gmwR`wU wbg©vb Kiv nq|17
wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì cÖ‡ekc_ (‡`vPvjv)
gmwR‡ì Avw½bvi GKav‡i †ek K‡qKwU cÖvPxb cvKv Kei Av‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
gmwR‡` GKwU wkjvwjwc wQj| †mwU nvwi‡q hvIqvi d‡j G gmwR` K‡i wbwg©Z
ZvwiL ejv KwVb| Aa¨vcK `vbxi g‡Z, G gmwR`wU 1680 wLªóv‡ãi w`‡K
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`, 1984, evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 490|
`wÿ‡Y j¤^v GB †`vPvjv N‡ii
8©©| N‡ii wVK gvSLvb w`‡q cÖ‡ek c_| c~e© †`qvj ìRv I Rvbvjvi AvKv‡i wbwg©Z
‡_i m„wó GK Awfbe‡Z¡i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| GB †`vPvjv cÖ‡ekc_wUi mv‡_ †MŠ‡o
1660 wLªóv‡ã wbwg©Z GB
wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì cÖ‡ekc_ (‡`vPvjv)
gmwR‡ì Avw½bvi GKav‡i †ek K‡qKwU cÖvPxb cvKv Kei Av‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
gmwR‡` GKwU wkjvwjwc wQj| †mwU nvwi‡q hvIqvi d‡j G gmwR` K‡i wbwg©Z
KwVb| Aa¨vcK `vbxi g‡Z, G gmwR`wU 1680 wLªóv‡ãi w`‡K

2. mv`x gmwR`
Ae¯’vb : eZ©gv‡b wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi AšÍ©MZ cyiv‡bv eªþcyÎ b‡ì evg Zx‡i GMviwmÜzi bvgK
MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
mvBU †KvW : SM
eb©bv : cÖwZ cv‡k¦© 25 dzU AvqZb wewkó eM©vKvi GK M¤^yR gmwR`wU GKwU DPz f~wgi Dci wbg©vb
Kiv n‡qwQj| Gi c~e©w`‡K cÖ‡ekc_ wZbwU Ges DËi I `wÿY w`‡K GKwU K‡i cÖ‡ekc_ i‡q‡Q|
†Kw›`ªq wLjvb c_wU A‡cÿvK…Z eo Ges wKQzUv AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvi Dci `Ûvqgvb| cv‡ki
A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU wLjvb¸wj mvgvb¨ AvqZKvi| wKejv ‡`qv‡ji wZbwU wgnive A‡bKUv Aó‡KvbvK…wZi
Ges c~e© †`qv‡j wZbwU cÖ‡ek c_ eivei wbwg©Z| cv‡ki¸wj †_‡K †Kw›`ªq wgnive A‡cÿvK…Z eo Ges
evB‡i †_‡K GK Aó‡KvbvK…wZi g‡b n‡e| ìRv¸wji gZ wgnive¸wjI mgvb
wgnive I cÖavb ìRvq AwZwi
, GMviwmÜzi
41
eZ©gv‡b wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi AšÍ©MZ cyiv‡bv eªþcyÎ b‡ì evg Zx‡i GMviwmÜzi bvgK
24 º 15.41 DËi I 90 º 39.35 c~e©
cÖwZ cv‡k¦© 25 dzU AvqZb wewkó eM©vKvi GK M¤^yR gmwR`wU GKwU DPz f~wgi Dci wbg©vb
wPÎ : mv`x gmwR`
evB‡i †_‡K GK Aó‡KvbvK…wZi g‡b n‡e| ìRv¸wji gZ wgnive¸wjI mgvb
wgnive I cÖavb ìRvq AwZwi³ wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q LvuRKvUv wLjvb I AjsK…Z wcjv÷vi|
eZ©gv‡b wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi AšÍ©MZ cyiv‡bv eªþcyÎ b‡ì evg Zx‡i GMviwmÜzi bvgK
cÖwZ cv‡k¦© 25 dzU AvqZb wewkó eM©vKvi GK M¤^yR gmwR`wU GKwU DPz f~wgi Dci wbg©vb
evB‡i †_‡K GK Aó‡KvbvK…wZi g‡b n‡e| ìRv¸wji gZ wgnive¸wjI mgvb PZz©‡Kw›`ªK| ïay †Kw›`ªq
wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q LvuRKvUv wLjvb I AjsK…Z wcjv÷vi|

evsjvi cÖPwjZ ixwZ‡Z Kvwb©m¸‡jv h‡_ó evKv‡bv| ‡gvMj hy‡M evsjvq cÖewZ©Z ¯’vcZïxwZ‡Z
†`qvj PviwU Kvwb©‡mi Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q| mv`x gmwR‡ì c~e©
w`‡Ki d¨vmv` ev ewn©fv‡M †Kw›`ªq wLjvbc‡_i Dc‡ii
wÎ‡KvbvK…wZ Ask (†cwW‡g›U) GLbI KviæKvh© †`Lv hvq| G
ai‡bi KviæKvh© ev‡Minv‡Ui lvUM¤^yR gmwR‡` ‡`Lv hvq|
BgviZwUi ewn©fv‡Mi Pvi‡Kv‡YAó‡KvbvK…wZi eyiæR i‡q‡Q|
G¸‡jv Qv‡ì †iwjs Gi †P‡q wKQzUv DPz K‡i wbwg©Z Ges
eyiæ‡Ri Pzovq i‡q‡Q †QvU AvK…wZi M¤^yR| M¤^y‡Ri
kx‡l© Ry‡o †Ìqv n‡q‡Q c‡Ùi cvucwo|
g~j bvgvR N‡ii cy‡iv Ask Ry‡o GKwU e„ËvKvi Wªv‡gi Dci emv‡bv n‡q‡Q M¤^yRwU‡K| GwU mivmwi
†Ìqv‡ji Dci emv‡bv Ges Pvi †KvY myjZvwb evsjvi cwiwPZ ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bKkvq c~b©|
ìRv I wgnive Qvov cy‡iv BgviZwU gm„Yfv‡e c‡j¯Ívi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi ìRv I wgnive‡K †kvwfZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q AjsK…Z †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv| c~e©w`‡Ki d¨vmv‡` cÖavb wLjvbc‡_i KvVv‡gv‡Z
†Mvjvcmn mwc©j c¨vuPv‡bv bKkv i‡q‡Q| Gi LuvRKvUv wLjv‡b mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q eo AvK…wZi †Mvjvc
bKkv| cv‡ki †QvU wLjv‡bI GKB ai‡bi †Mvjvc bKkv w`‡q mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q| c~e©w`‡K d¨vmv‡ì
†kl cÖvšÍØ‡q wZbwU K‡i c¨v‡bj emv‡bv n‡q‡Q Lvovfv‡e| Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡ZB wQj GKwU K‡i †Mvjvc|
42
†`qvj PviwU Kvwb©‡mi Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q| mv`x gmwR‡ì c~e©
ewn©fv‡M †Kw›`ªq wLjvbc‡_i Dc‡ii
wÎ‡KvbvK…wZ Ask (†cwW‡g›U) GLbI KviæKvh© †`Lv hvq| G
ai‡bi KviæKvh© ev‡Minv‡Ui lvUM¤^yR gmwR‡` ‡`Lv hvq|
BgviZwUi ewn©fv‡Mi Pvi‡Kv‡YAó‡KvbvK…wZi eyiæR i‡q‡Q|
G¸‡jv Qv‡ì †iwjs Gi †P‡q wKQzUv DPz K‡i wbwg©Z Ges
i‡q‡Q †QvU AvK…wZi M¤^yR| M¤^y‡Ri
kx‡l© Ry‡o †Ìqv n‡q‡Q c‡Ùi cvucwo|
wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv
Iqv‡ji Dci emv‡bv Ges Pvi †KvY myjZvwb evsjvi cwiwPZ ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bKkvq c~b©|
c©j c¨vuPv‡bv bKkv i‡q‡Q| Gi LuvRKvUv wLjv‡b mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q eo AvK…wZi †Mvjvc
wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì ‡cvovgvwUi bK&kv
wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv
Iqv‡ji Dci emv‡bv Ges Pvi †KvY myjZvwb evsjvi cwiwPZ ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bKkvq c~b©|
c©j c¨vuPv‡bv bKkv i‡q‡Q| Gi LuvRKvUv wLjv‡b mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q eo AvK…wZi †Mvjvc

wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖavb cÖ‡ek c_ wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì wgnive
, GMviwmÜzi
43
wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bK&kv

AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvmn †Kw›`ªq wgnivewU m~
bKkvq Av½yijZv, †Mvjvc I cÖPwjZ SzjšÍ wWRvBb cÖf…wZ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †Kw›`ªq wgniv‡e †cvovgvwUi
AisKiY GLbI wU‡K Av‡Q| Pvi‡Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj Ges †Kw›`ªq wgniv‡ei LuvRKvUv wLjvb I †Kw›`ªq
ìRv †hme AjsK…Z †cv¯Ív‡K fi K‡i Av‡Q Zv‡K K‡qKwU fvMKiv n‡q
evsjvi myjZvwb ¯’vcZ¨ avivi g‡a¨ GB gmwR‡` †gvMj Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖb jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
wewkó PZ…‡¯‹vbvKvi mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖfve wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi GMviwmÜz‡Z wbwg©Z kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`
I ¸ivB gmwR‡` jÿ Kiv hv‡e|
wkjvwjwc : mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖ
†_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, mg„vU kvnRvnv‡bi
ivRZ¡Kv‡j †kL wmiæi cyÎ mv`x wnRix
1062/ Bs‡iRx 1652 wLóv‡ã G
gmwR`wU wbg©vb K‡ib| mvgmywÏb Avng`
g‡b K‡ib †h †h‡nZz GMviwmÜzi Cmv
Luv‡bi NvwU wQj †m‡nZz m¤¢eZ G
gmwR`wU Cmv Lv‡bi †mbvcwZ gvmyg Lvb
Kveywj KZzK ev‡iv fu~Bqv‡ì Avg‡j
wbwg©Z nq| wKš‘ wkjvwjwc‡Z gvmyg Lv‡bi
bvg D‡jøL †bB|21
19
evwi, Gg G, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-10, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 123
G we Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 28
20
21
44
AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvmn †Kw›`ªq wgnivewU m~² KviæKvR mg„× †cvovgvwUi AjsKi‡b †kvwfZ|
ìRv †hme AjsK…Z †cv¯Ív‡K fi K‡i Av‡Q Zv‡K K‡qKwU fvMKiv n‡q‡Q AvjsKvwiK eÜbx Øviv|
evsjvi myjZvwb ¯’vcZ¨ avivi g‡a¨ GB gmwR‡` †gvMj Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖb jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
I ¸ivB gmwR‡` jÿ Kiv hv‡e|20
mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖavb cÖ‡ekc‡_i Dc‡i c‡j¯Ívivi Dc‡i †h wkjvwjwc i‡q‡Q Zv
†_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, mg„vU kvnRvnv‡bi
ivRZ¡Kv‡j †kL wmiæi cyÎ mv`x wnRix
1062/ Bs‡iRx 1652 wLóv‡ã G
gmwR`wU wbg©vb K‡ib| mvgmywÏb Avng`
g‡b K‡ib †h †h‡nZz GMviwmÜzi Cmv
Luv‡bi NvwU wQj †m‡nZz m¤¢eZ G
`wU Cmv Lv‡bi †mbvcwZ gvmyg Lvb
Kveywj KZzK ev‡iv fu~Bqv‡ì Avg‡j
wbwg©Z nq| wKš‘ wkjvwjwc‡Z gvmyg Lv‡bi
wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì wkjvwjwc
10, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 123-124 I evwi, Gg G,
G we Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 287||
AjsKi‡b †kvwfZ|
‡Q AvjsKvwiK eÜbx Øviv|
evsjvi myjZvwb ¯’vcZ¨ avivi g‡a¨ GB gmwR‡` †gvMj Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖb jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|19
GK M¤^yR
avb cÖ‡ekc‡_i Dc‡i c‡j¯Ívivi Dc‡i †h wkjvwjwc i‡q‡Q Zv
wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì wkjvwjwc
124 I evwi, Gg G, ¯’vcZ¨, m¤úv.

45

1. cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRvi
Ae¯’vb : GwU GMviwmÜz BDwbq‡bi C`Mv‡ni DËi w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
15©
mvBU †KvW : PGM
eb©bv : eZ©gv‡b GwU GKwU DuPz GKwU wXwe Ges Gi Dci GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡Z GwU
cxi Mwieyjøvn Gi gvRvi|
RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx ga¨hy‡M
wm‡jU †_‡K GLv‡b
GMviRb ag© cÖPviK Av‡mb
Ges Zviv GLv‡bB gviv
hvq| Zv‡ì GKRb GB cxi
Mwieyjøvn| GQvovI
¯’vbxq‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡iv
RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q †h, GwU Cmv
Luv/gvbwms‡ni `~M©| eZ©gv‡b
GwU‡K Cmv Luvi `~M© ejv nq| wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwe
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : Ab„mÜv‡bi d‡j GLv‡b GKwU ¯’vc‡Zï bgybv cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Av‡k cv‡k AmsL¨
BU I B‡Ui LÛvsk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| G QvovI GLv‡b ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej, Kv‡jv
nvwo, e`bvi fv½v UzKiv Ges cÖPzi cwigvb g„rcv‡Îi fv½v LÛvsk cvIqv ‡M‡Q|
46
ag©xq ¯’vcZ¨ (gvRvi)
BDwbq‡bi C`Mv‡ni DËi w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
15©
39© ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
39© ©
c~e©
eZ©gv‡b GwU GKwU DuPz GKwU wXwe Ges Gi Dci GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡Z GwU
Ab„mÜv‡bi d‡j GLv‡b GKwU ¯’vc‡Zï bgybv cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Av‡k cv‡k AmsL¨
BU I B‡Ui LÛvsk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| G QvovI GLv‡b ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej, Kv‡jv-
nvwo, e`bvi fv½v UzKiv Ges cÖPzi cwigvb g„rcv‡Îi fv½v LÛvsk cvIqv ‡M‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b GwU GKwU DuPz GKwU wXwe Ges Gi Dci GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡Z GwU
Ab„mÜv‡bi d‡j GLv‡b GKwU ¯’vc‡Zï bgybv cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Av‡k cv‡k AmsL¨
BU I B‡Ui LÛvsk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| G QvovI GLv‡b ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej, Kv‡jv-gm„Y †cøU, †QvU-eo

wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwe‡Z cÖvß †`qvj
2. kvn Avkdxi gvRvi
Ae¯’vb : kvn Avmwdi gvRvi GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
50 © ©
DËi Ges 900
40©
01© ©
c~e©
mvBU †KvW : SAM
eb©bv : GjvKvevmxi g‡Z,
Avmwd GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡gi 11 Rb
cx‡ii GKRb wQ‡jb|
GKwU †QvU DuPz wXwe i‡q‡Q, hvi
Dc‡i euvkSvo i‡q‡Q|
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b
B‡Ui UzKiv cvIqv hvq|
, GMviwmÜzi
47
cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwe‡Z cÖvß †`qvj wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi
kvn Avmwdi gvRvi GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
240
15©
c~e©
GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, kvn
Avmwd GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡gi 11 Rb
cx‡ii GKRb wQ‡jb| GLv‡b
GKwU †QvU DuPz wXwe i‡q‡Q, hvi
GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b
wPÎ : kvn Avkdxi gvRvi
wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi
wPÎ : kvn Avkdxi gvRvi

3. gvRvi - 1
Ae¯’vb : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKyi cv‡o Aew¯’Z|
16
mvBU †KvW : Mj 1
eb©bv : †e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii cv‡o GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi
g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei|
4. AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi - 2 (BRRvdZ Avjxi evox)
Ae¯’vb : GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g
16
mvBU †KvW : APM (EAB
eb©bv : GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei| GB
wXwei eZ©gvb gvwjK n‡”Qb BRvdZ Avjx| Gi cv‡kB i‡q‡Q nvRxZjv cyKzi|
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y BU I g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UyKiv cvIqv hvq|
5. cuvP cx‡ii gvRvi
Ae¯’vb : GwU evnvw`qv MÖv‡g Gi Aew¯’Z|
17
mvBU †KvW : PPMj
eb©bv : Gi Ae¯’vb Gi Ae¯’vb RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q †h,
wKš‘ GB cuvP Rb cx‡ii bvg †KD ej‡Z cv‡ib wb|
48
‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKyi cv‡o Aew¯’Z|
16©
13 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
27© ©
c~e©
†e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii cv‡o GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi
2 (BRRvdZ Avjxi evox)
GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
16©
01 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
16© ©
c~e©|
APM (EAB)
GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei| GB
wXwei eZ©gvb gvwjK n‡”Qb BRvdZ Avjx| Gi cv‡kB i‡q‡Q nvRxZjv cyKzi|
GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y BU I g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UyKiv cvIqv hvq|
evnvw`qv MÖv‡g Gi Aew¯’Z|
17©
19 © ©
DËi Ges 900
38©
57© ©
c~e©|
Gi Ae¯’vb Gi Ae¯’vb RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q †h, GLv‡b GK‡Î cuvPRb cx‡ii gvRvi i‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ GB cuvP Rb cx‡ii bvg †KD ej‡Z cv‡ib wb|
†e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii cv‡o GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi
GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei| GB
GLv‡b GK‡Î cuvPRb cx‡ii gvRvi i‡q‡Q|

1. ‰eivMxi AvLiv (†PŠPvjv) I (†`vPvjv)
Ae¯’vb : êivMxi AvLov GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
mvBU †KvW : BA
eb©bv : GwU wn›`y agx©q ¯’vcZ¨| GLv‡b `ywU
¯’vcbv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU †`vPvjv Ges GKwU
†PŠPvjv| Gi cv‡k c~‡e© GKwU eo cyKzi wQj|
eZ©gv‡b cyKziwU gvwU w`‡q fivU K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv
nq| wn›`y ¯’vcZ¨ ixwZ Abyhvqx g‡b Kiv nq †h,
Gi cv‡k Avi GKwU ¯’vcbv wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q
†M‡Q| wPÎ : ‰eivMxi AvLiv
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, B‡Ui fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
, GMviwmÜzi
49
ag©xq ¯’vcZ¨ (gw›ì)
‰eivMxi AvLiv (†PŠPvjv) I (†`vPvjv)
êivMxi AvLov GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
240
15©
39© ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
54© ©
c~e©
GwU wn›`y agx©q ¯’vcZ¨| GLv‡b `ywU
¯’vcbv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU †`vPvjv Ges GKwU
†PŠPvjv| Gi cv‡k c~‡e© GKwU eo cyKzi wQj|
eZ©gv‡b cyKziwU gvwU w`‡q fivU K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv
wn›`y ¯’vcZ¨ ixwZ Abyhvqx g‡b Kiv nq †h,
vcbv wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q
g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, B‡Ui fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
wPÎ : ‰eivMxi AvLiv
g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, B‡Ui fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

2. ‡e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì
Ae¯’vb : GwU †e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii Kv‡QB Aew¯’Z|
16
mvBU †KvW : Mn
eb©bv : GwU GKwU cvKv
gw›ì | GwU wZbKÿ wewkó|
Gi gv‡Si KÿwU †`vPvjv Ges
GB K‡ÿi `yB cv‡ki `ywU Ni
†PŠPvjv|
1. ‡fjyqv my›ìx cyKzi
Ae¯’vb : GwU Kzgvi wfUv (UvbRvgvjcyi)
15
mvBU †KvW : VSP
eb©bv : cyKz‡ii Pvicv‡k euvkSvo i‡q‡Q|
50
GwU †e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii Kv‡QB Aew¯’Z|
16©
12 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
27© ©
c~e©
wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì
cyKzi
(UvbRvgvjcyi)-3 Gi Kv‡Q Aew¯’Z|
15©
57 © ©
DËi Ges 900
40©
03© ©
c~e©
cyKz‡ii Pvicv‡k euvkSvo i‡q‡Q|
wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì

2. ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi
Ae¯’vb : GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
Aÿvsk I `ªvwNgvsk :
Ges 900
39©
29© ©
c~e©
mvBU †KvW : BRP
eb©bv : GB cyKzi wb‡q A‡bK wg_ i‡q‡Q|
avibv Kiv nq, GB cyKz‡ii cv‡oB †KvP ivRv
†e‡eva-Gi `~M© wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q|
3. Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi
Ae¯’vb : Avswi‡Piv cyKzi gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
mvBU †KvW : AP
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GB cyKz‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, XvKbv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvov GLv‡b
†ek wKQz wmivwg‡Ki UzKivI cvIqv †M‡Q|
wPÎ : Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi wPÎ : Avswi
4. †gv‡gb Avjxi cyKzi
, GMviwmÜzi
51
16©
17 © ©
DËi
GB cyKzi wb‡q A‡bK wg_ i‡q‡Q|
avibv Kiv nq, GB cyKz‡ii cv‡oB †KvP ivRv
Gi `~M© wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q|
wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi
Avswi‡Piv cyKzi gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
240
16©
06 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
15© ©
c~e|
GB cyKz‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, XvKbv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvov GLv‡b
†ek wKQz wmivwg‡Ki UzKivI cvIqv †M‡Q|
wPÎ : Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi wPÎ : Avswi‡Pviv cyKy‡ii Kv‡Q g„rcv‡Îi f½v UzKiv
wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi
GB cyKz‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, XvKbv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvov GLv‡b
‡Pviv cyKy‡ii Kv‡Q g„rcv‡Îi f½v UzKiv

Ae¯’vb : gwgb Avjxi evwoi cv‡kB GB cyKzi Aew¯’Z| Gi Ae¯’vb GwU cxi Mixeyjøvni
gvRv‡ii DËi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
15
mvBU †KvW : MAPP
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLvb †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
5. Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKzi
Ae¯’vb : cyKziwU cxi Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
15
mvBU †KvW : GMPPP
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : cyKz‡ii cv‡o †mKkb †K‡U GKwU e„nr AvK…wZi gvwUi _vjv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI
GKwU gvwUi cyZzj cvIqv †M‡Q, hv gvZ…‡`ex (?) e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q| GQv&ovI cyKz‡ii cvo †_‡K
52
gwgb Avjxi evwoi cv‡kB GB cyKzi Aew¯’Z| Gi Ae¯’vb GwU cxi Mixeyjøvni
gvRv‡ii DËi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
15©
39 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
42© ©
c~e|
GLvb †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
wPÎ : †gv‡gb Avjxi cyKzi
Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKzi
cyKziwU cxi Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg w`‡K Aew¯’Z|
15©
41 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
39© ©
c~e©
cyKz‡ii cv‡o †mKkb †K‡U GKwU e„nr AvK…wZi gvwUi _vjv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI
gwgb Avjxi evwoi cv‡kB GB cyKzi Aew¯’Z| Gi Ae¯’vb GwU cxi Mixeyjøvni
cyKz‡ii cv‡o †mKkb †K‡U GKwU e„nr AvK…wZi gvwUi _vjv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI

GKwU cv_‡ii UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q hv cyuwZ ˆZixi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡Z e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q|
GQvovI GKwU gm„Y NbKv‡jv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q hv NBPW (?) e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q|
1. gvU© †dvU©
Ae¯’vb : gvW †dvU©-1 Uvb Rvgvjcyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
mvBU †KvW : MF 1
eb©bv : Gi GKwU
Ask f~wg †_‡K A‡bK
DuPy Ab¨ AskwU gvwU
†_‡K Aí DuPz| wbPz
AskwU c~‡e© DuPz wQj|
GjvKvi †jvKRb gvwU
†K‡U Pvlvev`‡hvM¨ K‡i
Zz‡j‡Q| DuPz AskwU
gvwU †_‡K A‡bK DuPz|
GwU k•L we‡ji cv‡k
Aew¯’Z|
2. ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)
mvBU †KvW : BRPP
, GMviwmÜzi
53
`yM©
1 Uvb Rvgvjcyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
240
15©
56 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
57© ©
c~e©
wPÎ : gvU© †dvU©
‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)
240
16©
16 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
33© ©
c~e©

eb©bv : GLv‡b c~‡e© †e‡eva ivRvi `~M© wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Ckv Luv †KvP ivRv †e‡eva
‡K civwRZ K‡i GB `~M© `Lj K‡ib| 1897 mv‡ji f~wgK‡¤ú GwU wbwðý n‡q hvq|
wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)
3. gvW© †dvU© - 2
Ae¯’vb : Avswi‡Pviv cyKz‡ii Kv‡Q
16
mvBU †KvW : MF 2
54
GLv‡b c~‡e© †e‡eva ivRvi `~M© wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Ckv Luv †KvP ivRv †e‡eva
wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)
Avswi‡Pviv cyKz‡ii Kv‡Q Aew¯’Z|
16©
05 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
20© ©
c~e©
GLv‡b c~‡e© †e‡eva ivRvi `~M© wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Ckv Luv †KvP ivRv †e‡eva-

eb©bv : GwU gvW †dvU©-1 &Gi mgvb D”PZv wewkó|
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
, GMviwmÜzi
55
1 &Gi mgvb D”PZv wewkó|
GLv‡b g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
wPÎ : gvW© †dvU© - 2

56

1. Kzgvo wfUv (1)
Ae¯’vb : Kzgvi wfUv-1 GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
mvBU †KvW : KV 1
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv,
cvIqv †M‡Q|
2. Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)
Ae¯’vb : Kzgvi wfUv-3 GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡gi cv‡kB Uvb Rvgvjcy‡i Aew¯’Z|
Aÿvsk I `ªvwNgvsk :
54 © ©
DËi Ges 900
40©
05© ©
c~e©
mvBU †KvW : KV 2
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi
cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
, GMviwmÜzi
57
wfUv
1 GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
240
15©
50© ©
DËi Ges 900
40©
03© ©
c~e©
GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej,
Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)
3 GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡gi cv‡kB Uvb Rvgvjcy‡i Aew¯’Z|
15©
c~e©
GLv‡b cÖPzi
cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
wPÎ : Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)
3 GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡gi cv‡kB Uvb Rvgvjcy‡i Aew¯’Z|
wPÎ : Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)

3. Kzgvo wfUv (3)
Ae¯’vb : Kzgvi wfUv-2 GMvi wm›`yi
MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
15
Ges 900
40©
05© ©
c~e©
mvBU †KvW : KV 3
eb©bv : evwoi gvwj‡Ki bvg †gv.
AvwRR|
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|
4. wfUv evwbqv
Ae¯’vb : GwU GB gvW †dv‡U©i Kv‡QB Aew¯’Z|
16
mvBU †KvW : BV
eb©bv : GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GLv‡b c~‡e© ¯^Y©Kv‡ii evwo wQj| ¯^Y©Kvi‡K AvÂwjK fvlvq ÕevwbqvÔ
ejv nq|
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GB ¯’v‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|
5. nv‡kg gv÷v‡ii evox
16
mvBU †KvW : HMB
eb©bv : GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b euvkSvo i‡q‡Q| Gi cv‡k GKwU †QvU MZ©
cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|
58
2 GMvi wm›`yi
15©
56 © ©
DËi
evwoi gvwj‡Ki bvg †gv.
GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
wPÎ : Kygvo wfUv (3)
GwU GB gvW †dv‡U©i Kv‡QB Aew¯’Z|
16©
02 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
49© ©
c~e©
GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GLv‡b c~‡e© ¯^Y©Kv‡ii evwo wQj| ¯^Y©Kvi‡K AvÂwjK fvlvq ÕevwbqvÔ
GB ¯’v‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|
16©
07 © ©
DËi Ges 900
39©
47© ©
c~e©
GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b euvkSvo i‡q‡Q| Gi cv‡k GKwU †QvU MZ© i‡q‡Q|
GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|
wPÎ : Kygvo wfUv (3)
GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GLv‡b c~‡e© ¯^Y©Kv‡ii evwo wQj| ¯^Y©Kvi‡K AvÂwjK fvlvq ÕevwbqvÔ

In search of Mughal and Sultani Era in Bangladesh: an archaeological context survey at Egaroshindur, Kishorgonj

In search of Mughal and Sultani Era in Bangladesh: an archaeological context survey at Egaroshindur, Kishorgonj

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