2. Major Functions of the
Respiratory System
 Pulmonary Ventilation:  External Respiration:
Movement of air into and out Movement of oxygen from
of the lungs so that the gases the lungs to the blood and
there are continuously of carbon dioxide from the
changed and refreshed blood to the lungs
(Breathing)
 Transport of respiratory gases:
 Internal respiration:
Is the process of distributing the
Movement of oxygen from blood
oxygen throughout the body
to the tissue cells and of carbon
and collecting CO2 and
dioxide from tissues cells to blood
returning it to the lungs.

3.  Nose
 Mouth
 Pharynx

4.  The frontal bone
 Nasal bone
 Septal cartilage
 Maxillary bone
 Minor alar cartilages
 Dense fibrous connective tissue
 Major alar cartilage.

5.  Teeth
 Soft palate
 Tonsil
 Tongue
 Lips
 Gums
 Hard palate
 Uvula

6. o Epipharynx: It extends from
the base of the skull to the
upper surface of the
soft palate
o Mesopharynx: reaches from
the Uvula to the level of the
hyoid bone.
o Hypopharynx: it is the part of
the throat that connects to
the esophagus

7.  Epiglottis
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs

8.  The Alveoli are microscopic chambers at termini of bronchial
tree.
 Walls of simple Squamous epithelium are underlain by thin
basement membrane.
 External surface are intimately associated with pulmonary
capillaries.
 Some Alveolar cells produce surfactant.

9. o The main function of the Alveoli
is, it’s the main gas exchange.
o The alveoli removes the carbon
dioxide from the blood in the
capillaries and exchange it with
oxygen to be taken to other
parts of the body. The carbon
dioxide is taken out of the body
when we exhale.

10.  The Lungs are paired composite organs
that flank mediastinum in thorax.
 The lungs are composed primarily of
alveoli and respiratory passageways.
 Stroma is fibrous elastic connective
tissues, allowing lungs to recoil passively
during expiration.

11. The lungs House respiratory
passages smaller then the
main bronchi.
 Stores the body's oxygen
supply and they are the
pumps that push air around
and out of the body.

12. •Asthma - constriction of hypersensitive airways
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)-
lung disease causing shortness of breath
• Influenza - serious infection cause by the influenza
virus
•Lung Cancer - malignant tumors that develop in lung
tissue
•Acute Bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchial tubes
•Pneumonia - infection of the lungs caused by a virus
or bacteria

13. Asmany as10 percent of Americans, Asthma attacks can be triggered
more than 20 million people, have asthma many way
and approximately 4,000 people die oas air pollution
each year from asthma. otobacco smoke
o factory fumes
asthma have hypersensitive respiratory ocleaning solvents
system airways that, when triggered, o infections
constrict. Constricted airways reduce the o pollens
flow of air and cause trouble breathing. o foods
Asthma is associated with wheezing, o cold air
caused when air is forced through o exercise
restricted air passages.
ochemicals
omedications
Some ways to prevent Asthma Attacks
Remove allergens from the home,
including dust, dust mites, cleaning
chemicals, pets and carpets
Encase mattresses and box springs in
allergen-proof products.
Use only allergen-proof pillows and
blankets
Establish a no smoking policy in the
home
Make a no smoking policy in the home
Drink at least eight glasses of water
daily, to thin mucus in the respiratory
system airways.
And of course there's always Asthma
medication

14.  More than 12 million are currently Prevent COPD:
diagnosed with it. And it is estimated  Don’t smoke
that another 12 million may have
COPD but not realize it.
 It is responsible for more than 130,000
deaths in the U.S. each year.
Some symptoms of COPD:
Chronic coughing
Shortness of breath
Wheezing

15. Symptoms:
 Estimated that influenza
caused approximately 21,000 Fever over 100 F
deaths per year in the United
Aching muscles, especially
States.
in your back, arms and legs
Prevent Influenza
Chills and sweats
Avoid people who are sick
keep a distance from them. Headache
Stay home if you are sick. Don’t spread germs.
Dry cough
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when
coughing or sneezing. Fatigue and weakness
Wash your hands frequently and wash them well. Nasal congestion
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
Germs are often carried on your hands.
Get a flu shot.