Essay On Ritalin, The Wrong Choice

Essay on Ritalin, The Wrong Choice
For generations, parents glanced at their children and smiled with pride at their little angels painting
of an unrecognizable family scene or at a sticker earned on a spelling paper. Looking back, these
make up the happy memories of a father or mother. Parents tend to overlook the tantrums of the
terrible twos, the kicking during sibling rivalry matches, the endless hassles of bedtime rituals,
which lead to endless nights of waiting for the teenager to come home, not to mention the financial
strain of money spent on a child. Yet, for some parents, these headaches do not just happen
occasionally. After endless frustrations, these parents turn to medical professionals for help in
finding an answer to why their child is not an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An ADD child's mind wanders and has a minimal attention span. While a child suffering from
ADHD is hyperactivve resulting in poor concentrate (Kassin 319). Both of these disorders are
commonly diagnosed in school children as a result of a child's disruptive behavior. Sally Smith,
founder of an elite private school for children with disorders, stated ADHD is "[a] psychological
disorder that is characterized by a constant state of anxiety not linked to an identifiable source"
(Kassin 318). Symptoms for ADHD include the inability to sit still while studying or even watching
television. While children suffering from ADD have the inability to stay focused while performing
these tasks. Doctors believe Ritalin acts as a stimulant drug that can be used to increase arousal as
well as the production of neurotransmitters and dopamine inside a child's head (Stammen 24).
Although the drug is not completely understood, this stimulant, also known as "Vitamin R," is
placed in the hands of nearly 600,000 ADD and ADHD diagnosed children (Brink 79). Research has
hypothesized that most ADHD and ADD children exhibit an increase in attention span and overall
improvement in their classroom behavior. Although Ritalin seems to help, it is far from a cure to this
disorder. Yet, the positive results keep parents agreeing to place their child in the hands of a pill.
Due to the fact that Americans are busy
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ADD and ADHD Essay
ADD and ADHD
Although American culture has changed over the years, parents today still want what is best for their
children. Why then, are parents allowing their children to be put on medications that may have an
adverse effect on their children? Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit
Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have increasingly been diagnosed among young children today.
Parents should become more informed about the over diagnosing, side effects, results of the
medication and all other pertinent information before they allow their children to become treated. In
this research paper we are first going to look at why ADD and ADHD diagnosing has become so
widespread. Then we will look into the side effects of Ritalin; the ... Show more content on
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Due to new federal programs and funding, (in 1991 federal education I grant were changed to
provide schools with $400 per each student diagnosed with ADD) schools are now allocated with
in–school clinics and psychologists to help determine if students have learning disabilities. As a
result of these new federal programs, and funding, schools today are no longer held responsible for a
student's lack of performance. Now schools have a new "efficient" system to protect themselves. It
works like this: if a child has trouble in math, he is deemed to have a mental disorder under code
number 315.1 – "Mathematics Disorder," if a child can't write literature composition he/she must be
suffering from code 315.2 – "Disorder in written Expression." (DeWeese) The list goes on and on
and it is quite obvious that schools are well protected.
Teachers also play a key role in the over diagnosing of ADD and ADHD. Teachers today, although
they only receive education up to a master's degree to teach in K–12th grade, have become
psychiatric doctors. Teachers are given lists of symptoms and unacceptable behaviors and instructed
that if a student fits into the category they are to be marked and labeled, and the paperwork should
be written up to begin their drug treatment. This may seem too outlandish to believe, but, I assure
you this is how we have allowed are school system to become.
Finally, I think that we need to look at the

add and ritalin Essay
ADD and Ritalin
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a problem that affects 5% to 10% of all children. ADD affects
more children than any other childhood problems except asthma. It is estimated to be the largest
single cause for first referrals to child guidance clinics throughout the country, making up as many
as 40% of those cases. Many ADD cases are not diagnosed because the problem most often does not
show in the doctor's office.
Current estimates suggest that approximately 50 to 65% of the children with ADD will have
symptoms of the disorder as adolescents and adults.
In 1902, George Frederick Still believed the dilemma of the problem child was linked to a biological
defect inherited from an injury at birth and not the result of ... Show more content on
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Neurotransmitters provide the connection between one nerve cell and another. It is also now
suspected that people with Attention Deficit Disorder have a chemical imbalance of a class of
neurotransmitter called catecholamine. Dopamine, helps to form a pathway between the motor
center of the midbrain and the frontal lobes, as well as a pathway between the limbic system and the
frontal lobes. Without enough dopamine and related catecholamine, such as serotonin and
norepinephrine, the frontal lobes are under stimulated and thus unable to perform their complex
functions efficiently.
Attention Deficit Disorder is primarily considered a genetic disorder. Which is why it is labeled an
axis two in the DSM–IV. Studies show that 20–30% of all hyperactive children have at least one
parent with ADD. However, not all cases of ADD are genetically linked. Some studies show that
smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs during pregnancy, influenced a small percentage of
ADD cases. Exposure to toxins, such as lead, may also alter the brain chemistry and function. Both
of these issues are cause for concern for the at–risk population.
ADD generally affects males more often than females, in a 3:1 ratio. Because this disorder effects
the brain detection of this condition is difficult. The accepted test, although today there has been an
increase in research into ADD and subsequently now other tests. The test requires a nine–month
observation of the

The Pros and Cons of Ritalin
I. DEFINITION OF ADD AND HISTORY OF RITALIN When Jason was five, his mother, Cathy,
had to take him out of preschool because of his temper tantrums. She tried behavior management
and parenting courses, to no avail. Eventually, Jason was diagnosed with ADHD and given the
stimulant Ritalin, which controlled his outbursts. "It was like Dr. Jekyl and Mr. Hyde," Cathy said.
Jason flourished for the next six years, even winning his fifth–grade citizenship award. In sixth
grade, however, his medication stopped working, and he became aggressive again. But Jason's
teachers did not believe he had a disability and refused to allow any special "accommodations," like
extra time to take tests. At Christmas, Jason was so depressed that he ... Show more content on
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There must also be clear evidence of "clinically significant impairment" in social, academic or
occupational functioning. Physicians did not begin to link childhood attention and behavior
problems to biological causes until the turn of the century. In several lectures to the Royal College
of Physicians in England in 1902, British physician George Frederic Still described twenty pediatric
patients who were aggressive, defiant, excessively emotional or "passionate," lawless, spiteful,
cruel, dishonest and who displayed little "inhibitory volition." He theorized that they probably had a
basic "defect in moral control" that was either hereditary or due to pre– or post–birth injury,
(Hartman, 42). A lot has happened since then though. Between the years of 1940 and 1960, many
psychiatrists began using drugs to treat mental illness. Ritalin was first used to treat hyperactivity in
1961, and in 1968 the American Psychiatric Association (APA) first listed "hyperkinetic reaction of
childhood" as a disorder in the second edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM–II). In
the 1970s, research focused more on "attention deficits" as causing behavior problems, but some
members of Congress began questioning whether scientists were trying to medicate away energetic
childhood behavior. On September 29, 1970, a House Government Operations subcommittee held a
hearing on the federal government's role in sponsoring research

Methylphenidate: Argumentative Essay
Ritalin also known as its generic name methylphenidate is a schedule II substance that is approved
by the FDA to treat attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Ritalin has
been around since the 40s; and this drug was not always used to treat ADHD but for other disorders
such as low mood. Kids who appear to have ADHD has been a huge concern for parents, friends,
and teachers. Once the child shows signs of jitteriness they are brought to the doctor, and the doctor
is real quick to determine that the child has ADHD and starts prescribing them stimulants such
Ritalin. It was the year 1944 when Ciba a pharmaceutical company created Ritalin but it wasn't until
the 1950s that Ritalin had been improved. Ritalin at this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a problem because the number of children who have this disorder has increased by a lot. This
increase can only mean more students are taking drugs like methylphenidate to improve
concentration and to be at ease with their minds According to the article, " Millions have misused
ADHD stimulant drugs" Shankar Vedantam stated that methylphenidate may allow people to stay
awake longer and finish work faster, scientists who published a new study concluded that about 1.6
million teenagers and adolescence had misused stimulants during a 12–month period and that
75,000 showed signs of addiction. Once the student is addicted to this drug instead of doing better
they can fall behind academically. Not only are students misusing this drug but also selling it and
hiding it from their parents. Ritalin can be easily obtained by one of two ways you either have a
connection in school such as a friend or you have a prescription from your doctor. This example of
drug exchange is very similar to selling drugs in the street but the only difference is that one drug is
prescribed by a doctor. What motives students to buy Ritalin is when they see that their peers are
taking drugs to do better in school. Most students only want to do better in school especially those
who do not meet expectation. This drug is passed as the smart pill, but just because a classmate sells
it or gives it to you doesn't mean it is safe. Taking Ritalin can give people some serious side effects.
Students who sell this drug are probably unaware of the consequences that come from selling this
controlled substance. Students that sell in school do not stop to think that what they are doing is no
different from a drug dealer selling

The Role Of Ritalin In Relation To Drug Abuse
Some researchers claim that Ritalin does not lead to drug abuse. Everyone who has taken Ritalin
does not use other drugs. Biederman, who is a researcher, conducted a research about Ritalin and the
connection to drugs. Biederman stated, "Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) boys treated with
stimulants such as Ritalin are significantly less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol when they are older
rather than ADHD boys who are not treated. This evidence proves that Ritalin reduces the
possibility of drug abuse later in life. On the other hand, other researchers claim that the addiction of
Ritalin has a connection with other drugs. Ritalin has characteristics of other drugs such as cocaine.
Ritalin and cocaine both increase dopamine levels in the

Essay about Ritalin And Its Uses
Ritalin and Its Uses
In recent years, more and more kids seem to be on a prescription drug called
Ritalin(methylphenidate). This drug is being handed out more and more by doctors as a way of
treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a complex neurological impairnment that prevents
kids from concentrating. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency, it rose fron 200 grams per
100,000 people to over
1400 grams per 100,000 people in the last fifteen years. The National Institute of Mental Health
estimates that about one student in every classroom is believed to experience the disorder. The rate
of Ritalin use in the United States is at least five times higher than in the rest of the world according
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They blurt questions out before they are asked. They can't wait their turn, stop fidgeting their legs
and tapping their pencils. They tend to be forgetful, have problems following directions, and lose
things easily, as well as their tempers. This behavior occurs constantly. This may be a reason why
teachers and school psychologists are adament in their beliefs; these kids are disrupting their
classrooms, so they want the problem solved immeditately, and take the "quick fix"
approach.
Experts believe that more than two million children (3–5%) have the disorder.
Some scientists believe ADHD is a result of a problem in pregnancy ranging from fetal alcohol
syndrome to exposure to lead in utero. Others suggest that ADHD is hereditary. Dr. Russel Barkley,
of the University of
Minnesota reports that nearly half the ADHD children have a parent, and more than one third have a
sibling, with the disorder.
Ritalin as prescribed is taken orally, and takes effect in about 30 minutes and lasts for about 3–4
hours. Kids usually take 5–10 mg doses three times a day. Although many experts report that Ritalin
is a positive treatment in 9 out of 10 patienst, and many parents and students claim the drug is a
benefit in their lives', there are many who question the drug's long–term effects, dangers,
misdiagnosis, and non–medical abuse. Diagnosis for
ADHD isn't as easy as you

Ritalin
Ritalin & Cocaine: Controversial Connection
Today it seems that many children, especially boys, are diagnosed with ADHD, four times more
than girls. Is it more prevalent now or just recognized more within our society? Those diagnosed
with ADHD have a hard time concentrating and are prone to outburst based on the emotions they are
feeling at the time rather than reason. This is caused by lower levels of dopamine in their brains. The
most commonly prescribed drug to treat ADHD is Ritalin. The dopamine transporter within the
brain moves dopamine from the synapse to the sending neuron. Ritalin blocks the dopamine
transporter, therefore, increasing the dopamine level at the synapse.
Similarly, in recent studies, "cocaine has the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I do believe that some individuals may be in need of prescriptions that control things like dopamine
levels; however, by stripping away all processed foods and going organic when available, I think
studies would prove a decrease in ADHD and also things like Autism. Society should demand a
higher quality of chemical free food produced by farmers and higher quality control before going to
market. The unfortunate truth is that currently it would require more dollars on both ends to
accomplish such a task.
Mothers eating processed foods during pregnancy and children eating quick and easy snacks are in
my opinion creating a generation of individuals that have a lack of coping mechanisms directly
contributed from the imbalance of a healthy cellular system. Although unaware of why they have a
feeling of disconnect, this leads them to seek comfort in prescribed or controlled substances to feel
calm or in control.
"Because of Ritalin's similarity to cocaine, some believe it to be a gateway drug, but studies have
shown that Ritalin users are less likely to experiment than those who were not prescribed Ritalin".
Gateway drugs are perceived to be a drug that may lead to the use of other, more addictive drugs.
"Continued use and over prescribed use may in the long term

The Ethical Issues Surrounding Cognitive Enhancers
Humans have been seeking many different ways to improve their cognitive ability for thousands of
years. For example, education has been used in order to learn and improve on cognitive ability and
to improve our understanding of the world (Bostrom and Sandberg, 2009). With the advance of
technology, resources and medicine, humans have managed to develop cognitive enhancing drugs
that improve our cognitive ability by improving the attention, motivation and working memory.
One example of a cognitive enhancer that is commonly used today to improve alertness is caffeine,
which is contained in tea, coffee and many fizzy drinks (Bostrom and Sandberg, 2009). Other
cognitive enhancers used today include Ritalin (Methylphenidate), which is used to ... Show more
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The hypoactivity of dopamine then causes reduced attention, impaired working memory and poor
behavioural organisation. Ritalin has been used to treat ADHD by blocking the neurotransmitters so
they don't reuptake dopamine, resulting in dopamine being in the system for longer. This means that
there is increased motivation and attention, helping some of the symptoms that ADHD produces.
There are many studies showing that Ritalin is an effective drug to treat ADHD, with studies
showing that Ritalin decreases any abnormalities found in patients with ADHD (Hart et al., 2013;
Spencer et al., 2013).
Despite Ritalin reducing the symptoms of ADHD, the disorder is normally first diagnosed in
children as this is when symptoms first start appearing. This causes problems as children may not
understand the side effects of the drugs (e.g. anxiety, nausea, insomnia, psychosis) and are too
young to give informed consent. This means that the parent or guardian would have to give consent
on behalf of the child which relies on the child having a parent and a parent that is not neglecting of
the child. Questions arise such as, how do we know the parent has the child's best interest at heart?
Who makes the decision if the child is orphaned? What if the child doesn't want the drug, but the
parent does – who makes the decision? Another problem with treating children with ADHD is the
risk of depending on medical fixes

The Use Of Ritalin, By Brand Name, And Methylphenidate Or...
Introduction of Medication The medication covered in this article is called Ritalin, by brand name,
and Methylphenidate or Methylphenidylacetate hydrochloride are the generic names. Ritalin can be
habit–forming and with over–extended use a tolerance is built up, requiring more of the drug to be
taken in order to feel the same effects. A person using this medication can develop severe depression
just from suddenly stopping this drug after their overuse of it. To get off of this medication, it
requires gradual dosage lowering and monitoring by a physician to lessen negative withdrawal
effects, (MedlinePlus, 2016). The primary use for Ritalin today has been for dulling symptoms of
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children and adults. Ritalin is also used to treat narcolepsy.
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder where the brain is not effectively regulating sleeping and waking
cycles. Ritalin is part of the central nervous system stimulants which work by altering brain
chemistry, and holding back some neurotransmitters and dulling some receptors to temporarily and
artificial mimic a sense of calm and focus while under the influence of the medicine, (MedlinePlus,
2016). Ritalin is prescribed as a tablets or capsules to be taken daily by dosages at the discretion of
the physician. Treatment of ADHD with stimulants, often in conjunction with psychotherapy, helps
to improve ADHD symptoms along with the patient's self–esteem, thinking ability, and social and
family interactions,

Central Nervous System Stimulant: Ritalin Essay
Ritalin is a brand name for methylphenidate. Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant that
doctors prescribe to treat several disorders. The most common use of Ritalin is for the treatment of
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Another
known use of Ritalin is in the treatment of Narcolepsy. A doctor might also prescribe it to treat
depression. Ritalin and other drugs in the stimulant class, work by increasing the neurotransmitters
dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Ritalin has been tested and proven safe to use in children ages
six and older. The most popular use of Ritalin is in the treatment of Attention–deficient
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which can affect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other forms of treatment include therapy and education. There is no cure for ADHD but the
medications such as Ritalin seem to keep the symptoms at bay as long as it is being taken. It is
imperative that the patient be evaluated regularly by a doctor so that the medication can be adjusted
accordingly. Children with ADHD can learn to deal with the symptoms of attention–deficit around
puberty, the symptoms may not necessarily disappear, but a child can learn to function without being
medicated. The same applies for Attention Deficient Disorder. It is treated in the same manner as
ADHD. A child that has ADD has all the same symptoms of ADHD minus the hyperactivity. The
criteria for ADHD in accordance with the DSM–V are very strict. Three subtypes have to be taken
into consideration. "Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity that is more
frequently displayed and is more severe than is typically observed in individuals at comparable level
of development.....with at least six of the symptoms associated with inattention and they have to
have persisted for at least six months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with
developmental level:....along with at least six of the symptoms of hyperactivity–impulsivity have
persisted for at least six months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental
level: or games)....along with some hyperactive–impulsive or inattentive symptoms must have been
present before age 7

Drug Use And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (...
Ritalin is a prescription drug used primarily in the treatment of behavioural problems in children
such as Attention deficit disorder (ADD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
(National Drug Intelligence Centre 2006). It is estimated that 11 percent of Australians between the
ages of 6 to 17 are affected by ADD or ADHD and the amount of Ritalin being prescribed has
doubled in the last 10 years ( Schriever 2012). The brand name for Ritalin is methylphenidate, a
drug that stimulates the central nervous system. Its primary use is to stimulate the brain and improve
concentration, therefore helping the child control impulsive behaviour and overactivity (Royal
Children's Hospital Melbourne 2010). When a child is taken to see a doctor for behavioural
problems the General Practitioner will refer these children to a child phycologist or paediatrician.
They are then examined and asked a series of questions which inevitably leads to being diagnosed
with ADD or ADHD and leaving with a prescription for Ritalin (G Bell 2014). This medication has
been known to cause adverse side effects in many children. There is also the problem of
misdiagnosing the child's condition and with the view that alternative treatments are available,
Ritalin should not be used as a first solution in the treatment of behavioural problems in children.
Ritalin should not be used as a first option due to the ongoing side effects that some children suffer
from taking this medication. There are

The Ritalin Case Summary
ritalin is one of the most prescribed medication for children with attention deficit disorders.
However, in recent years, it is being prescribed more and more in cases where attention deficit
disorders are not present. The disorder is no longer a requirement for one to obtain Ritalin. This
epidemic has spark controversial in the medical field as well as in the homes of the children being
prescribed this medication. In this particular case, Teresa T and George L. took their child, Mike, to
his pediatrician. The parents explained to the doctor that Mike is having difficulties in school and at
home with focusing and following directions properly. They fear he may have Attention Deficit/
Hyperactivity Disorder and they would like him to be prescribed ... Show more content on
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However, it is not the increasing number of Ritalin users that is the cause for concern but whether
the reasons behind why more and more people are seeking this medication for their children. Parents
are obsessed with improving their child's performance and competitive nature. They strive for above
average efforts even if average is their child's best efforts. Average seems to be no longer acceptable.
Mills disagrees with these new logics that have caused parents to seek out Ritalin instead of
searching for different means to improve their child in school and at home. Mills would propose that
the doctor refuse the medication for Ritalin. The doctor states that there is no medical need for the
prescription and that Mike is completely healthy and shows no evidence of a disorder or illness.
Parents are setting high expectations for children, eliminating their biological nature to simply be
children. Ritalin will only alter a child's natural personality and abilities. Mills would suggest that
the parents use other methods of enhancement to help their child perform better. For example,
therapy could help a child concentrate or one–on–one session with a tutor would help improve their
child's school performance without using unnatural medications to do

The Effects Of Methylphenidate On Children And Youth
Methylphenidate, commonly known as Ritalin was synthesized in 1944 (U.S. Pharmacist, 2002). By
1954, it was being tested on humans to treat: "chronic fatigue, depression, psychosis associated with
depression, narcolepsy, and to offset the sedating effects of other medications." (U.S. Pharmacist,
2002) The interest to use Ritalin to treat the "hyperkinetic syndrome." (U.S. Pharmacist, 2002)
Which later was called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) wasn't introduced until the
1960s. Many studies have been conducted in order to determine the effects it has on the brain as
well as, the tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal with being prescribed Ritalin. Within these
studies, the effectiveness of Ritalin on children and youth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It was reported that 51% of males that took Ritalin compared to the 24% that did not, commit self–
harm (cutting, burning, poison or overdose) or had suicidal tendencies. With the report being high it
was a clear conclusion that the prescription of Ritalin did have a risk factor with being diagnosis
with ADHD. Furthermore, "anti–social behaviour, depression and anxiety" (Bushe, 2013) were
found in associated with self–harm. Ritalin might not have any negative physical health found at this
time but it does have mental health association that impact the population affected with ADHD and
more studies should be conducted long term to see the full effect of this over prescribed drug to
youth. With Ritalin being prescribed to youth as young as age three (DeNoon, 2006) it can be
determined that parents and educators will do anything to medicate children that may be prone to
accidents or behavioural issues because of their hyperactivity and age. Greenhill, a psychiatry
professor at Columbia University and director of paediatric psychopharmacology at New York State
(DeNoon, 2006) stated that medicating preschoolers does have their benefits: "They have difficult
peer relationships due to lack of reciprocity and perhaps aggression. And they are very prone to
accidents. Many of them were attending emergency rooms with cuts and bruises and broken bones,
because their fearlessness and activity level made life dangerous

The Consequences Of Ritalin
Many individuals are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Ritalin is a medication that is prescribed after diagnosis to offset
its symptoms. As with most drugs, Ritalin has side effects, some of which are commonly associated
with most pharmaceutical drugs but much more severe. Ritalin is a central Nervous system
stimulant that affects ones' central nervous system which controls cognition, thought processes and
even regular breathing. Ritalin should be reconsidered as a remedy to either ADD or ADHD as the
consequences of this medication can evolve into illegal drug use outside of what are common side
effects. Drugs such as Ritalin produce successful outcomes for many patients but

Solving the Ritalin Riddle
Sadly, 75 out of 100 children who visit a psychiatrist's office for the very first time, leave with at
least one prescription for ADD or ADHD. Kirk Martin, Founder of educational foundation
Celebrate! ADHD, states "We must change everything else–our attitudes and expectations, diet and
nutrition, the way we reach and teach kids–before we change our children through medication."
Parents of children whose behavior is regarded as difficult or out of control are encouraged to
believe their child has a "disease". For many parents, it is more socially acceptable to give your
child's behavior a diagnosis rather than simply admitting their child behaves badly and along with
the diagnosis, comes the offer for treatment. Many children with this ... Show more content on
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Subjective check lists used to diagnosis ADD and ADHD within the school system is frighteningly
similar to the checklists used to determining Gifted and Talented children. Family physicians
themselves are under a great deal of pressure from teachers and social workers to prescribe
medications such as Ritalin for children who are demonstrating bad behavior or having a difficult
time of learning. Even though teachers and social workers are trained to notice and help correct
issues, they are most likely not educated on how the drug industry works or the appropriate
procedure regarding drug therapy. It is an extremely frightening lethal mixture of ignorance and
misplaced trust which remains among social workers and teachers. Usually parents who are
receiving assistance through the government receive additional funding for children who have been
diagnosed with ADD and ADHD. Many low socio–economic families or single parents often find it
very difficult to refuse the added income and additional assistance such as free babysitting if their
child is labeled and diagnosed with a disorder. Hearing that your child has ADD or ADHD is
common place in today's society. Parents and society as a whole often does not realize that they are
labeling them with a mental disorder which is listed in the DSM–IV. DSM–IV, is the diagnosis
billing codes manual which codes everything from sinusitis to schizophrenia. It is something which
will always remain on

Ritalin Abuse on Campus Essay
Ritalin Abuse on Campus
Throughout most of her childhood, Jessica Miele* was viewed by her family and peers as a strange
girl. Her hyperactivity, trouble in school, and drive for music left her parents confused with what to
do with him after several frustrating years. At age 14, Miele was sent from her home in New York to
Vermont Academy, a boarding school in the mountains. It was there that she found his gifted ability
to exprses herself creativley through art and music, and formed close friendships with her
roommates. It was also in Vermont where she found the "study" drug, Ritalin.
Miele, and her roommates quickly got into the habit of "bumping" or snorting Ritalin to get a
quicker buzz. Some students used it to help assist them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Prescription Guide reference explains that "Ritalin...increases mental alertness, and decreases
fatigue."
Ritalin, is used as a medication prescribed for individuals who have an abnormally high level of
activity or attention–deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The drug works by increasing and
balancing levels of the brain chemicals dopamine (associated with activity) and serotonin
(associated with a sense of well–being). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about
3 to 5 percent of the general population has the disorder.
When taken as prescribed, Ritalin is a valuable medicine. Research shows that people with ADHD
do not become addicted to stimulant medications when taken at prescribed treatment dosages.
However, because of Ritalin's stimulant properties, in recent years high levels of abuse of Ritalin by
people who are not prescribed, has been reported.
Ritalin is also in the Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA's) Top 10 list of most often stolen
prescription drugs.Some individuals abuse it for its stimulant effects: appetite suppression,
wakefulness, increased focus/attentiveness, and euphoria.
When abused, the tablets are either taken orally or crushed and snorted. Some abusers even go to
great lengths of dissolving the tablets in water and injecting the mixture. Complications can arise,
however, because the insoluble fillers in Ritalin can block small blood vessels.
"Some complications are due to the fact that

Ritalin: Abuse Essay
Ritalin: A Miracle Drug, or Another Cocaine?
If the term "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"(ADHD) is mentioned, the first thing that
comes to many people's minds is a drug called Methylphenidate, commonly referred to as "Ritalin".
Most people know Ritalin is prescribed for ADHD, and they most likely know at least one person
who is currently taking it. However, in the 1960s, Ritalin and many other amphetamines were
recognized as abusive substances, so many new controls were introduced to more closely monitor
the prescribing of these drugs. Despite these new restrictions, the abuse and over–prescribing of
Ritalin has re–emerged from the shadows.
One way the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Flavay, for example, is an all natural substance proven to improve memory and concentration, which
is the general goal of Ritalin. Researchers have found that despite the over–prescribing of Ritalin,
the drug is not entirely necessary. While Ritalin is a beneficial drug for some ADHD sufferers; for
others, it can be addictive and harmful, showing the same effects as speed and cocaine (Attention
Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity: A Natural Approach, 7–9).
The major problem with Ritalin, is how much of it is prescribed throughout the country. Many
doctors and parents use Ritalin as a "quick fix" for their child's hyperactivity or so–called "ADHD",
which the child may not even be infected with. Over 10% of young boys are diagnosed with ADHD
and taking Ritalin, that number is extremely high compared to the rate of other countries. Therefore,
it can be inferred that doctors and parents often rush into the diagnosis of ADHD just to say that the
problem has been identified and by prescribing Ritalin, the child is receiving adequate treatment
(Haislip, 2). However, this is not always the case.
Ritalin is an amphetamine, or a stimulant which is supposed to calm the patient and make them less
jumpy and allow them to

Taking a Look at Ritalin
Ritalin Each day, more and more children, young adults, and even adults are diagnosed with
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, more commonly known as ADHD. According to the Center
of Disease Control (CDC), 6.4 million Americans aged 4–17 have been diagnosed with ADHD since
2011, and this number is steadily growing. As one of the most common neurodevelopmental
disorders in children, ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood and is a non curable, yet manageable,
disease. The most common treatment of ADHD is through stimulant medication, such as Ritalin.
Since the 1950s, Ritalin has aided in the treatment of hundreds of thousands of patients affected by
ADHD, and is less commonly used to treat narcolepsy, depression and obesity. Ritalin is a central
nervous system stimulant, and is effective by affecting chemicals in the brain and nerves that are
contributed to ADHD symptoms. Specifically, it works as an enzyme toward the chemicals
dopamine and noradrenaline in areas of the brain that play a part in controlling attention and
behaviour. The original patent for this drug was held by CIBA but has been transferred to the
Novartic Corporation. It became licensed in 1955 by the U.S. Food and and Drug Administration.
According to studies and surveys conducted by the CDC, approximately 4.3 million ADHD affected
patients are currently prescribed Ritalin. The New York Times has reported that sales of Ritalin have
more than doubled between 2007 and 2012, from $4 billion to $9

The Effects Of Adderall And Ritalin On College Students
Sandra P. Thomas said in her short story "The debate about 'Neuroenhancement'" that "In a study of
more than 10,000 college students, rates were as high as 25% at some schools." The use of such
drugs are more likely seen in universities rather than community colleges. People who take
neuroenhancement drugs may feel as if they have to since college is so competitiveness to get into.
Neuroenhancement drugs are starting to become more popular. Thomas asked "Readers are you
seeing young people in your clinical practice who are misusing stimulants?" Adderall, Ritalin, and
Provigil are all drugs that people use to enhance the brain. Adderall and Ritalin are the most
commonly used drug. Thomas stated in her essay that "The authors, prominent professors at
institutions such as Stanford and Harvard, suggest that the drugs will prove 'increasingly useful for
improved quality of life and extended work productivity'" (669). Because neuroenhancing drugs are
easily available, college students often use them despite the potential dangers posed by taking them
without a prescription. Neuroenhancing drugs are easily available. People who are prescribed to
drugs like Ritalin and Adderall are selling it to classmates. People who are prescribed to it often
abuse the drug. Everyone I know has either tried this type of drug or know someone who has.
People who sell their medication to people who don't need it are just like a drug dealer selling
marijuana. Which is just as bad. So why isn't it

Ritalin And Adderall Aka ADHD Analysis
I was born with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or ADHD for short, but in all honesty, I
wasn't that self–aware of anything being wrong. Trouble began early in school, teachers who called
me out were just dicks in my mind who didn't get my sense of humor. If you were born color blind
you may know something's different, but unless you're told something was wrong, you'd have no
idea that you couldn't see red. That's how I felt in elementary school, being hyper and distracted was
just me. Granted I was a little too much sometimes, but I really didn't know why I was being singled
out all the time. The problem was, I was hyper all the time. At home and school, it was very hard for
me to calm myself down and mirror the behavior of everyone ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I am blessed that I live in a time where treatment is available. There hasn't been enough time to
work out every kink in every medication and some have fairly substantial side effects. The most
common medications available are Ritalin and Adderall aka Addy if you're in the hood or my
roommate. I have taken both, but the one I found worked the best was Ritalin. The main reason I
didn't take Adderall was because it gave me migraines. Though it makes me focus it does have side
effects that can be hard to deal with. The biggest problems for me is loss of appetite and sleep
disturbance. These are side effects that are inevitable, the bottle may say you can get headaches or
dry mouth, but these pills will undoubtedly keep you up and no desire to eat. People who have a
hard time losing weight will sometimes take these to make them not want to eat. I was able to get
over that problem, but the sleep disturbance is something that can be a pain. If I take the medication
past 5–6, it will keep me wide awake until around 4–5 in the morning. It works better than a 5–hour
energy drink that's for sure. However, every medication will work on a person in a different way, for
instance when I tried using Strattera a new medication, it made me very irritable and angry. The
reason I tried Strattera was to avoid running into building a tolerance to Ritalin. The problem with
these treatments is that after using it for a long time, your body starts to get used it and it no longer
works. Both Ritalin and Adderall are currently labeled as a Schedule 2 (II) drug under the FDA this
means the drug may lead to abuse or physical dependence. Many people with ADHD run into this
problem where they need a significant amount to get the same result. When I started, I was taking 10
mg, now however I need 40mg which is the highest amount available to have the

ritalin Essay
Parents throughout the country are being pressured and compelled by schools to give psychiatric
drugs to their children. Teachers, school psychologists, and administrators commonly make dire
threats about their inability to teach children without medicating them. They sometimes suggest that
only medication can stave off a bleak future of delinquency and occupational failure. They even call
child protective services to investigate parents for child neglect and they sometimes testify against
parents in court.
Often the schools recommend particular physicians who favor the use of stimulant drugs to control
behavior. These stimulant drugs include methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, and Metadate) or forms
of amphetamine (Dexedrine and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rates for boys were not disclosed but probably exceeded 15%. With 53 million children enrolled
in school, probably more than 5 million are taking stimulant drugs.
A recent report in the Journal of the American Medical Association by Zito and her colleagues has
demonstrated a three–fold increase in the prescription of stimulants to 2–4 year old toddlers.
II. The Dangers of Stimulant Medication
Until recently, no studies have systematically examined the rate of psychotic symptoms caused by
routine treatment with stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate
(Ritalin) and amphetamine (Dexedrine, Adderall). Doctors who prescribe stimulant drugs often
seem forgetful to the fact that they can cause psychoses, including manic–like and schizophrenic–
like disorders. Without providing a scientific basis, the literature often cities rates of 1% or less for
stimulant–induced psychoses.
The rate of psychotic symptoms that appear during stimulant treatment has recently been
investigated in a 5–year retrospectives study of children diagnosed with Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADH). Among 192 children diagnosed with ADHD at the Canadian
clinic, 98 had been placed on stimulant drugs, mostly methylphenidate.
Psychotic symptoms developed in more than 9% of the children treated with methylphenidate. The
psychotic symptoms caused by methylphenidate included

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Ritalin,...
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Ritalin, and the Brain
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly referred to as simply ADHD, is the most
commonly diagnosed disorder among American children today. According to the National Institute
on Mental Health an estimated 3 to 5 percent of school age children are affected by this disorder. (1)
There are more diagnosed cases of ADHD of in the United States than there are anywhere in the
world. The main symptoms of ADHD include "developmentally inappropriate levels of attention,
concentration, activity, distractibility, and impulsivity." (1) While the number of people diagnosed
with ADHD increases dramatically every year, there is still much about the disorder that is not ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While studies conducted on the short–term use of these drugs have indicated strongly favorable
results in reducing the symptoms of ADHD, at the present there have not been any conclusive
studies to show the long–term effects of methylphenidate.
To look at the other side of the debate on ADHD one must also consider the argument that while
scientists at the moment do not completely understand the nature of ADHD, they are obligated to
learn more. If the use of Ritalin has shown obviously beneficial effects is it not logical to use it? The
debate surrounding the use of psychostimulants drugs, and more specifically Ritalin, has mainly to
do with the lack of understanding concerning ADHD than it does with the drugs themselves.
Scientists believe that one first one has to recognize ADHD as a disorder before one can proceed to
evaluate its treatments. Ultimately the battle over Ritalin and ADHD demonstrates the lack of
understanding we as humans have of the brain and how it functions.
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder most popularly associated with an inability to concentrate
has been identified by the American Psychiatric Association as displaying nine possible symptoms.
To be diagnosed with ADHD a person must display at least six of the nine symptoms. These
symptoms include:
–Making careless mistakes in schoolwork
–Difficulty sustaining

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay
Ritalin, the common name of the drug methylphenidate, is a a medication used to treat ADHD
(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and narcolepsy, a certain sleep disorder. It operates by
changing the amounts of the natural substances in the brain stem arousal system and cortex and
belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. Ritalin, classified by the Drug Enforcement
Administration as a Schedule II narcotic, helps to increase the ability of a person to pay attention, to
remain to focus on a specific activity, manage behavioral problems, organize task and improves
listening skill (WebMD, 2015–2016). This drug has the same classification as morphine, cocaine,
and amphetamines so it's often abused by youngsters because of its powerful stimulant effects. In
June 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration posted a series a public health advisories warning
that described Ritalin and other drugs of its classification cause side effects of hallucinations,
suicidal thoughts, psychotic and violent behavior. Even when Ritalin is used as a prescription drug it
may have severe side effects of insomnia, nervousness, anorexia, loss of appetite, pulse changes,
heart problems and weight loss (Foundation for Drug–Free World, 2006–2016). Ritalin is
inexpensive, works quickly have been used for several years and have an adjustable dosage by
healthcare providers. If a child is having problems with attention, focus and over activity, Ritalin can
benefit this child by allowing them to

Ritalin Abuse
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first licensed methylphenidate hydrochloride in 1955 for
treating what was formerly known as hyperactivity, attention–deficit disorder or ADD. The drug was
commonly prescribed in the 1990s when the diagnosis of ADHD became better known and
accepted. In 2000, Janssen Pharmaceuticals received approval from the FDA to market Concerta, an
extended–release form of Ritalin. Approximately two–thirds of 6.4 million children presently
diagnosed have been prescribed drugs like Ritalin or Adderall (another common CNS stimulant).
First synthesized in 1944, the Ritalin formula (at that time commonly known as MPH, from
methylphenidate) was improved in 1950, and by 1954 it was being tested on humans. In 1957, Ciba
Pharmaceutical Company began marketing MPH as Ritalin to treat chronic fatigue, depression,
psychosis associated with depression, narcolepsy, and to offset the sedating effects of other
medications. It was used into the 1960s to try to counteract the symptoms of barbiturate overdose.
Ritalin has a high potential for abuse when injected it may produce feelings of euphoria. Those who
misuse Ritalin increase the amphetamine–like effects by crushing the tablets into a powder and
snorting it or dissolving it in water for intravenous injection. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While amphetamines stimulate the release of dopamine, cocaine and Ritalin block the transporters
that reuptake dopamine into the neuron that released it. By blocking transporters, Ritalin allows
more dopamine to reach receptors, thus increasing attention signaling, which helps people with
ADHD to focus. Ritalin, when taken orally, slowly raises dopamine levels over the course of an
hour or so. By contrast, when inhaled or injected, cocaine reaches the brain in seconds, producing a

Ritalin And Abortion
She would take Ritalin to help her stay up at night to finish papers, and the first she did was in
college to help her relax and focus. She knew she was addicted to drugs in college, but still
graduated with from a top university, with a dual Masters. She secured a great job after graduation,
and moved in with her boyfriend. It was around a year later she found out she was pregnant. Her
boyfriend was also using drugs and was controlling. He insisted that she have an abortion, because
"what was he going to do with a child". She mentioned, "killing her baby" was the hardest thing she
has ever had to do. After the abortion, she fell deeper into drug use, and after a certain point she was
unable to stay at her job. She moved to North Carolina,

Comparison Of Ritalin And Adderall
In the United States, 9.5 percent of children between the ages of 3 and 17 were diagnosed with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD (Morris 1). ADHD is defined as a constant issue
with hyperactivity, lack of focus, inability to control behavior, or a combination of these (Berger 1).
In order to quell the difficulties caused by ADHD, parents will usually resort to sending their child
to a physician to prescribe a specific medication. These medications serve a great purpose, but also
include numerous unwanted side effects. As of 2010, 48 percent of 325 surveyed patients reported
side effects caused by ADHD medications, the most frequent being loss of appetite, sleep problems
and mood swings. About 21 percent of these side effects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The minority of physicians prefer non–stimulants as a solution. 38% of 365 physicians who
completed a survey concluded that they preferred to prescribe a nonstimulant (Collingwood 2). The
primary issue with non–stimulants is the fact that they're more liable to cause depression and
suicidal thoughts, especially in teenagers, which is primarily why non–stimulants aren't the popular
choice. There are two types of non–stimulants: norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as Strattera,
which affect the behavioral control in the brain, and alpha–adrenergic agonists, such as Intuniv,
which were developed to lower high blood pressure (Boorady 5). These two types of medications
are similar in side effects concerning loss of appetite, drowsiness, and irritability. According to a
survey on Treato, Intuniv received a review of very satisfied patients while patients using Strattera
were moderately satisfied. A vast majority of those who used Strattera had great concern about the
formula causing a feeling of depression while those using Intuniv were primarily concerned with
weight gain and drowsiness caused by the lowering of the blood pressure. Around the age of 15, my
parents sent me back to my physician to test a non–stimulant, and, due to the positive results, we
chose to try Intuniv. Luckily, with the proper dosage, it actually worked, and to this day I still take it;
of course, there are still some unwanted

Optimization of Ritalin for more Effective Results Essay
Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Optimization
Ritalin Pills
Abstract:
Attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the dominating psychiatric disorder
found in children. The creation of the drug Ritalin based on the molecule
Methylphenidate in the early 90's sparked a widespread use of this psycho stimulant, which still
remains as one of the most popular drugs used to counteract the symptoms of ADHD. My ultimate
goal in this research project is to design analogs for the drug Ritalin in the hopes of discovering a
more effective version of this medication. Through research, it can be concluded that none the
analogs suggested are suitable candidates for new drugs based on the results.
Introduction:
With 3–5 percent of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The molecular structure of methylphenidate contains a phenethylamine portion which superimposes
on its supposed neural substrates dopamine and norepinephrine, allowing it to interact with its
intended receptor (figure 2). (1) A closer examination of this compound's molecular structure reveals
that it complies with Lipinski's rule of five, even though its partition coefficient is yet to be found. It
molecular structure contains 3 hydrogen acceptors and 1 hydrogen donor, whiles its molecular
weight is 233.31 g/mol, well under the suggested limit of 500 g/mol.
In this project, analogs of the drug compound Ritalin (methylphenidate) will be designed in order to
attempt to optimize it. When the designs ar e complete, the software provided by the chemistry
department of UC Davis will be used to generate the necessary data to predict their effectiveness
and assess their potential in becoming suitable candidates for new drugs.
Fig. 2: Methylphenidate compared to
Dopamine and Amphetamine
The first analog of Ritalin (figure 3) has a structure that is somewhat similar to that of the original
drug. However, the ester functional group(figure 4) is replaced by an imine group (figure 5). This
creates a molecule that has one less hydrogen bond acceptor, making it less polar then the original
structure of Ritalin. The possible consequences of this change consist of both a

Ritalin: Not the Best Treatment for ADHD or ADD
Ritalin and other drugs used to treat children with ADHD and ADD have been given a lot of
negative and some positive press over the years, but what is alarming is the statistics which I
discovered from Suellen May, the editor of Understanding Drugs: Ritalin and Related Drugs: "In
1996, an estimated 1.5 million American schoolchildren (approximately 3–5% of all U.S.
schoolchildren) were taking Ritalin daily" (9). The number clearly doubled over the years, which
indicates that the use of Ritalin is increasing tremendously in America. With this in mind, while
some feel that Ritalin is helpful overtime, the numbers show that Ritalin is actually not the best
treatment for those who suffer from ADHD or ADD.
The Discovery –– In the early 1930's, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I wasn't sure what was happening to me and didn't think I had a right to voice my opinion so I
simply agreed with my parents, teachers and doctors. My behavior improved and I seemed to be
more focused, however, it also affected my social skills and personality. Soon I became out of touch
with society, uninterested to do sports or play with friends and worst, I lost my personal traits; my
humor, wittiness and affection. In spite of the side effects, over the next few years I continued to
take the medications because my school grades were skyrocketing and I wanted to make my family
proud. By the age of 11, I decided I wanted to gain back my personality and social life so I stopped
taking Ritalin. It surely affected my lack of interest in school but I felt happier and alive.
There are so many truths about Ritalin, how much it actually harms the body overtime then do well.
According to the booklet "The Truth About Ritalin Abuse" by drugfreeworld.org, the long–term
effects of Ritalin are permanent damage to blood vessels of the heart and brain, high blood pressure
leading to heart attacks, strokes and even death. But it does not stop there; strong psychological
dependence becomes long term as well. Every one of a dozen children treated with methylphenidate
experienced genetic abnormalities associated with an increased risk of cancer. The long–term effects
are staggering but the emotional effects are just as bad. For

Dangers Of Ritalin And Adderall
Realize teens will take medicine of another friend not know what it is or the side effects. When
ADHD follows a child to high school the risk of overdosing becomes greater. They are now found
as a responsible person. Now most teens start or have been playing sports. Not only can these drugs
be used to control ADHD they can also be used to improve academic and athletic performances and
not even with a prescription. There is a drug called Ritalin and Adderall that is generally used to
treat ADHD. *Ritalin is a central nervous system stimulate. Originally the drug wad used for to treat
sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, and depression. When a teen takes this drug, they can focus and
remind their academics. The down side to taking this is that

Ritalin and Aderall
i. Diagnosis of ADHD
ADHD is a condition which affects multiple areas of functioning. Because of the widespread
diagnosis this disease keeps doctors, pharmaceutical businesses, and teachers employed. According
to Diller (2008), the use of drugs like Ritalin is at rates never seen before in this country or
anywhere else. Diller also states that "we medicate our children with psychiatric drugs ten or twenty
times more than countries of Western Europe (pg50)." Many children are said to be made unhappy,
often alienating themselves from parents and others. They are also much more unmotivated which is
directly related to the use of ADHD medication. Parents lean on medication as an excuse to control
their children; when most children do not even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Drug–Industry
In the supply and demand society that we live in, there will always be a need for drugs. Adderall and
Ritalin are included in this equation. There are ads for these medications promoting children who
look perfectly and act rather perfectly while on the drug. The companies are targeting parents who
want their children to feel "normal." There are high hopes of dependency which would then increase
sales for the businesses selling the drugs. In the long run they are hoping for drug abuse which will
keep them in business. The marketing of these drugs will only hurt us in the long run, though. "As a
nation we will feel sicker and sicker until we move away from the medical model and begin to view
most of our major health issues as manifestations of inequitable economic and social factors (Diller,
pg50)." Something needs to be done to move away from this method of medicating children unless
there is a serious need.
Ritalin is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for ADHD. With it, there are associated
physical side effects such as nausea, weight loss, sleep problems, tics, growth suppression, and heart
disease. These are just some of the immediate effects. Another concern with Ritalin is the potential
long term effects that have a larger effect on the child's psychological health. According to Pozzi,
Ritalin can lower the self–esteem and reduces the creativity in growing children because after

Is Ritalin Good Essay
Is Ritalin Good?
Have you ever suffered or known anyone that has suffered from attention deficit disorder? A.D.D. is
a biologically based condition causing a persistent pattern of difficulties, which includes three types
of behavior. These three types are difficulty attending or focusing on a specific task, difficulty
inhibiting behavior, and difficulty controlling impulses. In 1950 the prescription drug Ritalin was
patented and manufactured by the CIBA–Geigy Corporation. This drug stimulates the central
nervous system, with effects similar to but less potent than amphetamines and more potent than
caffeine (Bailey 1). Several million children are being treated with Ritalin on the grounds that they
have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tablets, and in a sustained release form, Ritalin SR as 20 mg. tablets. It is readily water–soluble and
intended for oral use. Many non–medical users, however, crush the tablets and snort the resulting
powder." (Bailey 1). Such abuse of the drug can be traced currently from junior high schools
to colleges. Some kids in middle school diagnosed with ADHD/ADD visited the nurse's office to
have their prescription stimulants distributed to them every four hours. Other kids, according to
Boston Globe's Patricia Wen, were stopping at bathrooms or hallways where the same pills are sold
through an illicit black market anywhere from 1 dollars to 3 dollars a pill (1).
Besides in–school street marketing of the drug, Ritalin has caused a controversy over the real
percentage of college students abusing it. Dr. Eric
Wellington, clinical director of psychology at the University of Wisconsin found that after
interviewing over one hundred students, one in five misused their Ritalin in some form (Hanchett 1).
One way of obtaining this particular drug is through friends or roommates who acquire it to fight
their dwindling attention span. Once the Ritalin is in the abuser's possession, it is crushed up and
snorted through the nasal passage for an emotional, cheap high, or a study aid for a full night of
cramming for finals. Kids who abuse this drug can walk in and out of a daze for three days straight,
never needing to nourish themselves or

Essay on Ritalin, Helpful and Harmful
Ritalin – Helpful and Harmful
When "20/20" and "Oprah" did segments about ADD on television, many parents felt that they
finally knew what was "wrong" with their kids. They rushed to the doctor's office to find out how
they could "fix" the problem. Most soon discovered a drug called Ritalin. It sounded simple. All
they had to do was give their rambunctious or hyperactive child a pill three or four times a day, and
magically he or she would be a perfect little angel. Most were so happy to find a cure that they did
not stop to contemplate other methods of treatment, possible side effects, or get a second opinion.
Dr. Sharon Collins believes this is because, "It takes time for parents and teachers to talk to kids. It
takes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many experts feel physicians should be more aware of the side effects of the drug and look to
alternate solutions before prescribing Ritalin. Some experts also believe that Ritalin should be only
part of the treatment for patients with ADD or ADHD. The drug, which now saturates the market,
produces the same sensations as the narcotic speed if someone who is not ADD or ADHD takes it.
Because of its narcotic nature, Ritalin is considered by law to be a controlled substance, and its
dosage and intake must be carefully monitored. Parents see Ritalin as a "quick fix" and urge doctors
to prescribe it for their children, thus leading to premature or improper diagnoses, more people
having adverse side effects to the drug, and an increased availability of the drug for non–medicinal
purposes.
Many doctors do not take the time to perform a complete evaluation of the patient who is suspected
to have ADD or ADHD. They listen to the teacher or parent and assume because the child has a
short attention span or is very hyperactive that the child must have ADD. The doctors do not take
time to examine other possibilities for the child's behavior "such as learning disabilities, depression,
or anxiety–disorders that look like ADHD, but do not need Ritalin" (Hancock 55).
This need to find a "quick fix" has

Essay on Ritalin and Its Effects on Children
Thesis: Today there is a great debate concerning the diagnosis and treatment of ADD/ADHD and
who has the right to decide what happens. It is estimated that between 3 and 12 percent of the
population has to deal with conditions known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). This equals approximately 3 million children in the United
States alone. Both of these disorders (ADD and ADHD) exhibit the same traits leading them to be
lumped together. Children affected by ADD or ADHD have behavior and emotional problems.
Trouble concentrating on simple tasks, a short attention span, failing to give attention to details, and
disruptive behavior are a few of the problems resulting from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, the specific gene or genes causing them have not been found despite the completion of the
Human Genome Project. Technological advances have allowed for the discovery of new information
though.
These disorders can be acquired may different ways. One of these ways is before birth. The use of
drugs, toxemia, infectious diseases, exposure to radiation, prematurity, and complicated delivery are
all causes of this disorder originating during pregnancy and delivery. Post delivery causes include
meningitis, encephalitis, seizures from fever, head injury, and lead toxicity. All of these conditions
lead to damage to the brain (About ADD/ADHD).
ADD and ADHD can also be looked at as developmental disorders. This is because some children
seem to outgrow these conditions as they get older. These people were sometimes labeled
underachievers when they were young, and now classified late bloomers since they have outgrown
their disorders.
Many drugs have been developed to treat ADD and ADHD. One of these drugs is Methylphenidate
otherwise known as Ritalin. It is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for treatment of ADD
and ADHD. Use of Ritalin is up 700 percent since 1990 (ABC News). Other drugs also used in
treatment of ADD and ADHD include Zoloft, Praxil, and Cylert. Ritalin is a drug that is used to
restore neurotransmitters in those that lack or have malfunctioning nerve impulses in the

The Pros And Cons Of Ritalin
Ritalin as a candidate for the solution to ADD or ADHD, if the factors associated with its use have
been known and proven to create addiction and are a plausible cause for subsequent overdose.
(Woolston, 2018) Snorting is Ritalin is an illegal method which equates to prescription drug abuse.
Some patients were found to inject the drug as well. The most commonly injected illegal street drug
is Heroine and does not act as a stimulant. It is a sedative and does not cause a sense of extreme
alertness and is considered a different high due to the class difference (stimulant/sedative). There
has been a success rate among patients who administer the Ritalin orally in accordance with their
prescription. Many users of Ritalin are satisfied with its

Adderall, Ritalin, AD/HD, and Abuse Essays
Adderall, Ritalin, AD/HD, and Abuse
Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are behavioral disorders
affecting attention span, impulse control, and self–discipline. They are usually associated with
children, although adults can suffer from the same disorders. It is estimated that 4% – 6% of the
U.S. population suffers from AD/HD, and children with the disorders carry them into adulthood
more than half the time. Typically medicated with psychostimulants such as Ritalin or Adderall,
(methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, respectively), concern over these disorders surrounds
problems such as over–diagnosis or misuse of the prescription medications.
ADD is characterized by an inability to concentrate, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other short term effects include faster heart rate and breathing, increased blood pressure, dilated
pupils, dry mouth, perspiration, and a feeling of superiority. More severe side effects include
aggression and hostility, or even strange, incessant behavior. Flushing, tremors, and hallucinations
are common of overdose. The effects of methylphenidate are often likened to those of cocaine and
studies have shown similarities in the two. Both drugs have the ability to block dopamine
transporters. The reuptake of catecholamines noradrenaline and dopamine are blocked, leaving them
in the synapse in increased concentrations, promoting the elevation of mood and the feelings of
alertness, well–being, verboseness, or superiority (1). In addition, a study using baboons showed
that the regions of distribution of methylphenidate and cocaine in the brain are similar, and there is
competition for binding sites between the two on the post–synaptic terminal (1).
In 1996, the FDA approved Adderall, a combination of mixed amphetamine salts amphetamine and
dextroamphetamine, for the treatment of AD/HD. Adderall is an alternative medication to Ritalin
(methylphenidate), and is often prescribed as the Plan B when Ritalin is not effective. With duration
in the brain lasting twice as long as methylphenidate, Adderall can be

The Debate Over Ritalin Use by Children with ADHD
1. Introduction For years, the topic of Ritalin, the use of the drug and its short and long term effects
has been a controversial one. People who have Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
have abnormally low amounts of the neurotransmitting chemical Dopamine in their brains. This
chemical plays an important role in the brain as it helps with signal transmission between the
neurons. ADHD sufferers have difficulty concentrating and learning, they find it difficult to sit still
and are often overly energetic. They get distracted very easily and struggle to focus and complete a
task at hand. Ritalin helps reduce these symptoms as it stimulates the production of more dopamine
in the brain. This gives for better signal transmission ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.2 Ritalin and the Risks of Substance Abuse Matthew Shulman U.S. news journalist, March 2008
This source is a report on the study conducted by Harvard researchers. A U.S. News journalist
(Schulman) spoke with Brian Doyle, a clinical professor of Psychology at Georgetown University
Medical Center and fellow of the American College of Psychologists, about the results obtained
from a study he helped conduct. Doyle shared that children with ADHD who use Ritalin or other
stimulant medications have a significantly lower chance of developing substance abuse problems
during their adolescent years. However, the latest studies, including one that has been running for 19
years, show that although the stimulant drugs seem to lower the chances of substance abuse in
adolescents, its effects of lowering ones chances are gone by the time the patient reaches adulthood
(early 20's). He stated that after 10 years of research on the same group of Ritalin users, no link was
found between the use of the stimulant in children and later drug abuse problems. The information is
valid and useful as the researchers who conducted the study are professionals on the topic as they
have been working on many different studies on the topic for a number of years. The one study was
carried out for 19 years. This makes the results more reliable and valid. The limitations of this

Ritalin And Adderall: A Case Study
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and
can continue through adulthood. This disorder is characterized by difficulty staying focused and
paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior and hyperactivity. In children, the long term effects
of psychotropic medications are unknown and lead to a number of precipitating factors. Choosing
the right medication, dose and treatment plan should be based on each child's individual needs and
situation. Some of the medications used to manage symptoms of ADHD are Ritalin and Adderall.
These two drugs have been around for a while; however, Vyvanse, Strattera, and Concerta are new
drugs that have been proven to help with ADHD symptoms. Treatment for behavioral issues in
children is growing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
17). I find as a parent I should have the choice in whether or not my child takes a medicine or not.
Almost 60% of foster care children and youth are on one or more psychotropic medications, and
almost a fourth had "questionable" polypharmacy (three or more medications or two or more within
a single, non–stimulant drug class) (Huefner & Griffith 2014). There are numerous routes to try
before jumping to a "pill" as treatment for ADHD. Long term use of medication can lead to
dependency and impaired social interaction. Insurance companies should develop step programs to
aid patients in treatment for behavioral issues. If there were mandated therapy sessions for at least 6
weeks prior to medication trails I feel that this would cut down on the number of patients that are
medicated. The Food and Drug Administration puts the medications they supply through rigorous
testing and stress the importance of using these as directed. It is up to the consumers of these
medications to follow the guidelines as

ADHD, Ritalin, Families, and Pharmaceutical Companies Essay
ADHD, Ritalin, Families, and Pharmaceutical Companies In today's fast–paced society, it seems that
prescription drugs are a more reasonable and reliable solution for children and adults than diet and
exercise for the "disease" known as ADHD. Rather than take the time to play with their children, or
institute a proper diet, it seems that increasing numbers of parents would rather treat their children's
unexplained zest for life with pills and doctors. While there are some explanations and reasons for
the diagnosis of this popular disease, most children are improperly diagnosed, and are therefore
taking unneeded medication. This medication is costly and it can be argued those who benefit from
the sale of these drugs most are the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (2004) signs of ADHD become noticeable in
children during their preschool and early years of school. It is estimated that 3 to 5 percent of
children have ADHD, which is roughly about 2 million children in the United States. This means
that 1 child out of a classroom that has 25–30 students in it will have ADHD. The NIMH (2004) has
stated this in their article on ADHD that Dr. Heinrich Hoffman first described it in 1845. He was a
physician who wrote books on medicine and psychiatry, he also wrote books for children. He
described the disease in a book he was writing to his son, he wrote "The Story of Fidgety Phillip"
which described a little boy with the exact symptoms of what would be known today as ADHD. It
was not until 1902 that Sir George F. Still published a lecture to the Royal College of Physicians in
London about impulsive children with behavioral problems that he stated were caused by a genetic
dysfunction and not by poor education. Since then many studies have been done on the cause,
symptoms, and treatment of ADHD. There is no real evidence of what causes ADHD. There have
been many theories and hypothesis on the subject but no real concrete evidence of what causes the
disease or how to prevent it. According to WebMDHealth (2004) inherited genetic factors is the
most common theory on the cause of ADHD, certain brain activity lead scientist to believe that a
certain abnormal

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