The Law Of Nature Must Carry Its Punitive Consequences...

The Law of Nature Must Carry its Punitive Consequences...
"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark" (1.4.98) but there are a variety of different infections
that all contribute to one main conflict. Each character within the play has not only his or her own
inner trials to fight against but also each of these issues form together to create the corruption in
Denmark. Throughout the course of the play each character learns to deal with his or her internal
battles and each conflict combines with others to create one singular, complex problem. It seems as
though every issue ties together to form a tangled web leading ultimately to the demise of seven key
characters. There isn't a single character within the play that understands the big picture or the
consequences of their actions. Because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though Ophelia does love Hamlet she chooses her father's advice, Polonius, instead. Polonius is
much like Gertrude because he is trying to help Hamlet, but also fell into Claudius' scheming. Like
any father figure he is concerned about the interactions between Hamlet and Ophelia which draws
his attention away from the king and focuses only on Hamlet's faults. It seems as though Polonius is
a race horse with blinders on; only seeing one point ahead and not the danger beside him. His
simplistic thoughts allow him to be an easily persuaded character and throughout the play we see
him trying to impress whoever is with him at the time; proving the point that he is also a great
contender in the decay of Denmark. Polonius is killed by Hamlet which leads to a new factor in the
already messy equation called Elsinore; this factor being Laertes. Laertes is driven by revenge of his
father's death; a mighty cause with no understanding of the effects of his actions. During the rising
action he is an insignificant character due to the fact that for a majority of the play he is at school in
France; although, when news of his father's murder reaches him he charges forth with sword held
high and no knowledge of the events leading up to the crime.
"While Hamlet lollygags and broods over the murder for much of the play, Laertes takes immediate
action" (Schmoop.com). The main difference between Hamlet and Laertes is that Hamlet
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Classical Theory Of The Law Of Nature And The Social...
The classical theory of the law of nature and the social treaty of John Locke can be found in the
fundamentals of the modern, especially in the Anglo–Saxon, governmental institutions. This work of
his exceeds the borders of one particular historical political event. Locke's political theory is a
classical example of a normative doctrine that leaves Aristotle's famous separation between the
theoretical and practical disciplines and connects politics with ethics on the principles upon which
law is established on. Generally, Locke's political theory is often connected with the term liberalism.
That liberalism of this famous Englishman is not mainly about economics, especially not in that
practical thought where everyone can freely take as much as they please to. Locke's liberalism is
eminently civil; he primary leans are on the freedom and the sovereignty of the individual.
I would like this topic to be affirmed on the Balkans, the region where I come from and where
Locke's heritage is rarely analyzed, to be included in the modern understanding of the legitimate
institutions that Locke marks as a prerogative government and the right of resistance to the
government. The question of understanding political power Locke significantly stands out from the
other representatives on the theory of the social treaty, precisely defying in what type of state should
people fit as he states in his book "state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of
their possessions and

John Locke And The Law Of Nature
. John Locke's notion of the Law of Nature is crucial and necessary to understand his work the
'Second Treatise of Government'. His beliefs in limited government and individual rights are
perceived throughout the entire text, but in order to understand why he believes this it is necessary
to understand and analyze three elements. First one must understand what the Law of Nature is
according to John Locke and why it is an essential element towards all individuals. Second one must
understand how the Law of Nature interacts with the State of Nature. Third and last how the Law of
Nature should be upheld in political society and the problem that arises when political society is in
conflict with it. According to John Locke all individuals are found in a State of Nature, a basic state
where all individuals are found regardless of where they fall culturally, geographically, and
religiously. In the State of Nature all human beings are the same and share certain characteristics.
Because this state is shared among all human beings there are certain laws or rules that apply to all
individuals in the State of Nature; this is the Law of Nature and according to Locke it is what
governs the State of Nature. Besides governing the State of Nature, the Law of Nature allows others
to realize that every human being should be equal and independent and due to this it is necessary to
respect everyone's life, property, health and liberty (Locke, Second Treatise of Government 9). The
Law of

The Law Of Nature : The Laws Of Human Nature
The Laws of Human Nature applies to some kind of standard of behavior which is expected. It is a
standard agreement as to what is right and wrong or "Law of Nature". Other laws of nature include
Gravitation, Heredity, and Chemistry. These other laws cannot be changed unlike the Law of Human
Nature. With human nature, we have a choice to disobey. It was called the Law of Human Nature
because it was assumed that it was obvious to all. Some might say that the Law of Human Nature is
unsound because of the different civilizations throughout the years, moralities, or different ages.
C.S. Lewis and Kathleen Norris point out that even though they have differences, the differences
don't amount to much.
Since we have come to the conclusion within society that there is a "Right and Wrong", Law of
Human Nature, we see that more of us cannot truly keep it. Once we fail we start making excuses as
to why we did or didn't do something. We, in fact, do believe in the "Law of Human Nature"
because if we didn't believe in decent behavior why would we try so hard when we fail, to correct it
or excuse it. Human beings have a real sense to behave a certain way which cannot be ignored.
Humans are very aware that they do not behave in what is considered "right". Even though we know
the law, we still break it. These facts are primary thinking of ourselves and the world around us.
Some feel that this "Law" is nothing more than our hard instinct which has been developed over
time. The difference is

The Nature Law of John Locke
"since Sin has broke in upon the World, and vitiated the humane Nature." (John Bernard) This is the
opening line of John Bernard's speech or at least what John Locke hears as he gets to the sermon.
Massachusetts is cold, John Locke isn't surprised. He has heard things about it, the weather, the
people and now the righteous. The ground is covered in snow and the church is packed with men,
women and children; All awaiting to hear more of the words of John Bernard. He moves to take a
seat or at least find somewhere to stand. A few people share knowledge of him is their eyes and he
smiles faintly, this makes it easy for him to get to the front of the room or close to Mr. Bernard and
give him a chance to really hear and feel his words. "Second Treatise on Civil Government", is his
own work and has apparently made its way over to Massachusetts. A man sees him and stands,
words are exchanged and hands are shaken and before he knows it John Locke is sitting in the front
row listening to Mr. Bernard talk. He is passionate and his words are strong, the people watching are
in rapture and awe.
"and vitiated the humane Nature, there us bot so much the more Reason and Necessity for
Government among Creatures that are become so very weak, and depraved." Locke understands
what he says, but he has more of a mind to think humans are more than weak and depraved.
John Locke meets the eyes of John Bernard and for a moment there is small shock,
acknowledgement and then it's back to his

George Hobbes And Locke 's Theories On Government, Human...
It is easy to compare certain things because of their proximity to one another and because of their
similar nature. For instance, I wrote about Basque and Catalonian independence in Spain. While it
may be apt to say that they are the same for a number of reasons. They were inherently different
because of the small details that change their trajectory to land close to each other but not in the
same place. Much is the same when comparing Hobbes' and Locke's theories on government, human
nature, and natural law. Both may come to the same conclusion about the existence of natural laws
and how that shapes human nature. However, they disagree on what the natural law would be
comprised of. The same can be said for how differently they view the origins and role of
governments. Hobbes would argue that governments are made from power and fear, and serve the
purpose of keeping the covenant by protecting the inhabitants. Locke, on the other hand would argue
that the basis of governments is law, and that the purpose of governments is to protect property
rights. These and other factors will be examined to make a comparison and contrast of the two
philosophers to determine if it is apt to say their theories are identical. One of the main points of
contention between these two philosophers is whether the population has the right to revolt against
its government. Locke would argue that the people would have a right to revolt against their
government. Hobbes would argue that it is injust

The Law Of Nature In Mere Christianity Of C. S. Lewis
At this moment, the human civilization is falling apart. The shield that guards the safety of men is
broken by wars and conflicts. The hearts of people are injured severely by hatred, inequality, and
discrimination. Countries lump into anarchy as laws and orders fall apart. And day by day, promises
have been broken so frequently that it becomes a norm, and the meanings of words fall into ashes as
people progress on deception. The world is gradually transforming itself into a pure arena, where
people disguise as hounds and serpents simultaneously. However, amidst this chaos, there stands
supreme thing keeping the pieces of mankind's civilization together–the Law of Nature. The Law of
Nature is discussed greatly in the book Mere Christianity of C. S. Lewis, who asserts that it is the
Law of Nature which makes humans obligated to do the right thing. According to Lewis, this law
can also be referred as The Real Morality or the Standard to which all people follow, and which
people use to evaluate their and others' behaviors. The Law of Nature tells the people which
circumstance is appropriate to execute certain actions, and which situation is not suitable for certain
behavior. For instance, in every human, there is a warrior trait, which is said to be necessary by the
Law of Nature in order to protect oneself against life–threatening beings, but to be wrong when it is
used to injure the innocent people. However, the Law of Nature functions beyond the machinery of
evaluating

What Defines The Law Of Nature? Essay
Julie Barba
Mrs. Yennie
Comp/Lit 4
March 2015
Identity Thieves
What defines the law of nature? Our genetic makeup is what makes us individual from others, an
unplanned decision that no one had control over; it was a decision dictated by nature. This scenario
is the concept of the law of nature, something made by nature that cannot be influenced or changed
by man. In 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that human DNA cannot be patented but synthetic DNA
(cDNA) is patent eligible because it is artificially made. Human DNA is now strictly off limits,
thanks to the court ruling versus Myriad Genetics in June 2013. The court ruling could not have
been made possible without the people who pushed to make the case public, those whose genes
were being patented. Breast cancer patients were being charged an excess amount of money to
patent their human DNA which turned out to be an illegal act. Someone having the ability to own
another person 's DNA was not something that was going to be okay. However, there are still blurred
lines on gene patenting due to cases such as cDNA naturally occurring in retroviruses like HIV1.
Although synthetic DNA can naturally exist in retroviruses and be patented, genetic laboratories
should not be able to patent all naturally occurring DNA sequences and use them in genetic testing
because it violates the law of nature. DNA are the building blocks of what makes each species
unique from the other, which contains the essential information "needed for an organism

So-Called Laws Of Nature Analysis
Analysis of The So–called Laws of Nature – a piece follows the idea of minimalism and classical
music style The So–called Laws of Nature is a minimalist music composed by the American
minimalist composer David Lang in the year 2002. The piece is in a 32–minuets large scale, and
written for percussion quartet. There are three parts in the piece. According to David Lang's
performance notes, the first and second part can be played independent of the other parts. If the first
two parts are played together, the part 3 must be played. The instrumentation in The So–called Laws
of Nature is unique––three distinctive instrumentation organizations are presented in the piece. In
the first part, each percussionist has assigned to 7 graduated woodblocks or other pieces of wood. In
the second part, each percussionist has 7 tuned pieces of metal, 3 graduated toms, 1 rock bass drum
with foot pedal, and 1 brake drum or other nasty piece of metal. In the third ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The first part "The So–called Laws of Nature" was premiered on the Bang on a Can Marathon at the
2001 Next Wave Festival at BAM. The second part was premiered in October 19, 2002, by So
Percussion Group at the Miller Theater, New York. Analysis of Part 1 Part 1 develops with messy
wood percussion sounds––well–organized materials are hidden beneath messy sounds. On the one
side, the composer followed minimalism style to develop and organize motives and materials. On
the other side, he kept the classical musical structure to unit the piece as a whole. There are three
large sections in Part 1, including A section, B section and A' section. These sections constitute a
traditional ternary form. A section is from measure 1 to measure 451, B section is from bar 452 to
bar 845, A' section (recapitulation) is from measure 846 to the end. Each section also includes some
smaller parts. The structure is shown below. (Ex.

James Madison's Argument Essay: The First Law Of Nature
In State of Nature, where voluntary consent has yet to be established, disagreements are frequent.
Every man believes their rights are more important than another's, which leads to this quarrelling.
Yes, it is true, everyone is endowed with their natural rights and has the right to defend them
because no one has the right to take away someone else's natural rights. "Hence, in the state of
nature, no man had any moral power to deprive another of his life, limbs, property, or liberty: nor
the least authority to command, or exact obedience from him..." On the contrary, this chaos brought
on by two people trying to settle an argument their own way leads to dysfunction. This chaos is why
we need government, so that we may have a unified, known set of laws for society to settle
disagreements with. "If life, liberty and property could be enjoyed as great perfection in solitude, as
in society, there would be no need of government. But the experience of ages has proved that such is
the nature of man, weak, imperfect being..." Men are selfish and weak in nature, we need something
to unite for success us while still protecting individual's natural rights. This uniting force is
government. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
James Madison said it best when he described government, "But what is government itself, but the
greatest of all reflections on human nature..." Understanding The First Law of Nature along with its'
components such as State of Nature, the way men function without a government, human nature,
allows us to see the chaos and bias that arises and why we need a government in the first

Massachusetts Bay Colony Of The Laws Of Grace And Nature
Winthrop directs his attention on the importance of the church. Through religion, he would unify his
people and remind them of the foundations and principles of the Christian faith. Winthrop begins his
work reminding the people of the Massachusetts Bay Colony of the Laws of Grace and Nature. In
this passage, he recognizes that even though not all Christians give to the poor, it is their
responsibility to uphold this practice. In 2017, the issue of providing for the poor and less fortunate
is still present today. The idea of providing and protecting the less fortunate is an idea that comes
directly from Biblical teachings. Throughout the New and Old Testaments, followers of Christ are
warned to protect the poor, orphans, widows, and aliens. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He emphasizes that it is the lawful and moral duty of the people of Massachusetts Bay Colony to do
as the people of Macedonia did. In 2017, many still practice this code of ethics through programs
like food pantries, homeless shelters, soup kitchens and many more. However, because of the
misuse of resources from organizations like these few, funding for other programs have ceased and
many refuse to give out of pocket anymore. Although, the issues facing the Laws of Grace and
Nature has kept many from giving, because it is still a Christian value, the duty of giving should be
based on the individual's

John Locke Law Of Nature
The Law of Nature is the universal concept at which most philosophers would refer to when
describing the natural state of society and humans (Joseph, 1999). The meaning of the Law of
Nature also differs from one philosopher to another. Here, Hobbes describes it as something humans
of rational thinking would try to escape even if it means subjecting oneself to absolute authority
(Baumgold, 2010).
The Social Contract has taken up a new meaning under Hobbes. Social Contract has become the
means by which Man, defined to be self–interested and reasonable, escapes the Law of Nature
which was described to be intolerable. That Man, is willing to give up his freedom just to lead a civil
life which is more conducive for his self–interests. Locke
John Locke is one of the most influential thinkers of his time. His work, Two Treatises on
Government, inspired the founding fathers of the United States of America and contradicted the
prevalent ideas in England (Dienstag, 1996). For Locke, the Law of Nature, contrary to Hobbes, is a
state of perfect and complete liberty to lead one's life as best as one sees it fit; that it should be free
from any kind of interference from others (Dienstag, 1996). This is under the belief of Locke that
everyone is equally created by God and therefore has equal freedom to pursue his personal interests.
Although, this does not mean that anyone is free to harm and trespass one another. This is for the
same reason that only God has the right to take away

What Does Lewis Mean By The Law Of Human Nature
BOOK I. RIGHT AND WRONG AS A CLUE TO THE MEANING OF THE UNIVERSE
Explain what Lewis means by the "Law of Nature" or the "Law of Human Nature." "The Law of
Human Nature" refers to the Law about Right and Wrong whereas the "Law of Nature" refers to the
natural laws which people recognize as basic things like gravity and/or the laws of chemistry.
When people are quarreling, to what are they appealing when they say, "How'd you like it if
someone did the same thing to you?" (p. 3) They are appealing to some rule of decent behavior or
morality.
When you hear a cry for help from someone in danger, you probably feel two desires. Explain these
desires. What is the third thing you feel and how does it help? One desire is to go and help them due
to our herd instinct, and the other is to stay out of that said danger due to our instinct of self–
preservation. The last thing you feel is the impulse to help and not run away. Moral behavior may be
a product of instinct, but that doesn't follow that morality itself is just instinct. ... Show more content
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Why? What are the implications? One is measuring both moralities by a standard, saying that one of
them conforms to the standard more than the other.
Explain the difference between the Law of Human Nature and physical laws. Laws of human nature
are different than physical laws because the laws of human nature are dependant on an idea
manifested in them of how humans should and should not behave. Physical laws refer to things of
this world; for example,

Argument For The Existence Of A Law Of Nature
In C.S. Lewis' Mere Christianity, Lewis bases the majority of his argument for Christianity on the
existence of a Law of Nature, or Moral Law. He argues that this is the source of the moral compass
common to all of mankind and proves the existence of the Christian God. Lewis stresses the
importance of this concept to explain the validity of Christian doctrine. This paper will analyze
Lewis' argument for the existence of a Law of Nature in Mere Christianity as well as "Mere
Christianity by C.S. Lewis" by Adam Lee, a refute of that argument. C.S. Lewis argues that a
common Moral Law created by an external power links all of mankind, that this Law is not an
instinct, and that it is not a social convention. Adam Lee then argues that this Law ... Show more
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He also asserts that selfishness in some form has been disesteemed in all civilizations since the
beginning of time (Lewis 6). In his rebuttal to Mere Christianity, Adam Lee believes this claim is
ridiculous. He points out examples such as eugenics, polygamy, and slavery that erode Lewis'
argument (Lee). These seem to easily debunk the core claim of Lewis' argument; Lewis cannot
prove that an all–powerful god is behind this Law if it does not apply to all of mankind. Lee even
cites the capitalist system as proof that morality is not objective; capitalism encourages selfishness
and greed in the pursuit of personal gain (Lee). Both men seem to miss an important factor that
weighs on human decisions; this factor is evil. The presence of evil in the world is undeniable, and,
in the Christian worldview, it comes in the form of Satan. Morality is objective and universal as
Lewis argues, but Satan's influence can affect the perspective of humans. In the minds of humans,
this influence can spawn actions such as those mentioned above by Lee. Even while under this
influence, humans still feel the inevitable pull of the Law of Nature. In summary, Lee had
reasonable evidence to refute Lewis, but he failed to see the true nature of those exceptions. Once
his claim is established, Lewis addresses several common counter–claims to his argument.
By addressing possible rebuttals to his

What Does The Persistent Objector Rule Tell Us About The...
2. What does the persistent objector rule tell us about the nature of sovereignty and customary
international law? The persistent objector rule is an important aspect of international law. It has been
established in case law such as the Anglo– Norwegian Fisheries case, although it can be said that
examples of this key principle of international law are rare, with examples of this being Norway and
the straight base line, South Africa and apartheid and potentially China with Human rights. The
persistent objector rule can be explained as, a name given to a state when it refuses to be bound by
customary international law. No direct criteria has been given to identify whether a state is a
persistent objector, however it can be seen from the judgment from cases such as Anglo– Norwegian
Fisheries case and The Asylum case that a state will be considered a persistent objector if it; objects
to having any customary international law applied to itself, this must be in the initial stages and in
an consistent manner and other states did not object to the states resistance. It is only required that
this objection be expressed verbally, the state does not have to take physical action upon this
objection, only that it must be verbally expressed or shown through a states conduct. There is much
debate by academics on the issue of the rule of persistent objectors. There is much controversy
surrounding this topic of customary international law and whether a state can be exempted from
laws if

The Universal Law Of Nature
The Formula of the Universal Law (of Nature) is the first formulation of the categorical imperative
in Kant's "Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals," in which he proposes to "act as if the maxim
of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature." (Kant, 421) For
example, telling the truth is considered a universal law. However, many skeptics argue that it is
illogical because of human behavior, we as a society are put into dire situations in which lying is
necessary to protect life. I will argue that the categorical imperative is an ideal for humanity that has
been deeply misunderstood and is valid in relation to the Kingdom of Ends formula. During the
Nazi–era, many were subjected to their religious beliefs and citizens were being asked whether or
not he or she were a Jew. In a hypothetical response, due to the nature of the question, if you were to
say yes, you would then be executed under the law of a harsh dictator. It is obvious to say that, the
duty to preserve your own life would be threatened in regards to the murderer asking the question.
We can infer that although lying is morally wrong in regards to the categorical imperative, it is not
wrong to the murderer who is not conforming to the moral requirements. Therefore, we shall look
into the necessary moral requirements for categorical imperative to be a reasonable obligation for us
to follow. In addition to the universal law of nature, there are two other principles: the formula of

Callicles Vs Socrates
In Gorgias, Plato presents a series of conversations Socrates has with Gorgias and Callicles that
explore oratory and the rules of law and nature. Socrates' criticism of oratory and espousement of
the rule of law imply a dislike for democracy, but for different reasons than Callicles' dislike.
Through these conversations, Plato suggests that democracy is actually a rule of nature with orators
as the superiors. Socrates and Callicles converse about the rule of law and the rule of nature because
Callicles wants Socrates to talk only about one, especially the rule of nature. Callicles has a problem
with the way Socrates spoke with Polus and accuses him of "grandstanding in ... speeches" because
he "shyly question[s] ... in terms of nature" when "a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As stated before, Callicles believes "the people who institute ... laws are the weak and many" and
that "it's a just thing for the better man and the more capable man to have a greater share than the
worse man and the less capable man" (483b, 483d). He wishes for a society where the better deserve
to have more and do get more than what the lesser get. Thus, he hates democracy. He believes
democracy would take away from those who deserve more and would give the lesser more power
than needed. Socrates, on the other hand, fears the power of orators over uneducated masses.
Socrates makes clear from Gorgias that "oratory doesn't need to have any knowledge of the state of
their subject matters" and that "it only needs to have discovered a persuasion device to make itself
appear to those who don't have any knowledge that it knows more than those who actually do have
it" (459c). Socrates is concerned that the public can be convinced by orators to do things that orators
have no knowledge of. Socrates wants people's soul to stay pure and avoid corruption. However, if
people listen to an orator in a democracy and do something unjust, they would have no punishment
because they would be the ones who agreed upon the action. Thus, Socrates favors when the masses
listen to someone who knows what is just. For Socrates, democracy can be arbitrary based on the
whims of orators and what they see fit ending up in

Comparing Thomas Hobbes And John Locke Laws Of Nature
The Laws of Nature
Both Hobbes and Locke come up with their own versions of the laws of nature. A law of nature is a
general rule that is come to by reason and common sense. Unlike a civil law, the laws of nature don't
have to be written down. These laws are just put into place by basic human reason. The laws of
nature are thought of when talking about the state of nature. Both Hobbes and Locke discuss the
state of nature, but see it in different ways, resulting in different laws of nature per the two
philosophers.
Hobbes sees the state of nature as a horrible place where fear rules every person living inside of it.
In his book "Leviathan", he concluded that men must seek peace to preserve their own life. Because
of this Hobbes says that the first law of nature is, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This mutual transferring of rights is called a contract and becomes the basis for moral obligation per
Hobbes. The third law of nature states that we can to just make contracts but must hold to every one
of our contracts
(Hobbes, 324). This law of nature leads to the foundation of the concept of "justice". Hobbes
accounts of the laws of nature affect his overall political philosophy by making him see the state of
nature as an unforgiving place of war and that men should do everything possible to escape it.
He believed that even when under a government that is corrupt and oppressive, would be better that
being under no government at all and being in the state of nature.
In the "Second Treatise of Civil Rights", Locke sees the state of nature as a place of equality, where
no one has power over the other and all can do whatever it is that they want.
However, this liberty still does not give someone the right to do harm on to another (Locke, 365).
He determines from this statement that natural law exist in the state of nature. He says that each
person in the state of nature has the power to follow through with natural laws which are

Study Questions On The Law Of Nature And The Laws Of Human
HUMA 1825 B Akram Saiyed Study Questions & Answers Student Number: 213985858 Attention:
Course Director, Neil Braganza Email: saiakram@yorku.ca November 14th, 2014 Sir William
Blackstone All page references are to Blackstone's text 1. What are the characteristics of "municipal
law" according to Blackstone? See 33–34, 39, 40–42 Blackstone commentaries state that there are
two charities to municipal law or Muncipium (pl. municipal); the laws of nature and the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Citizens develop this law to satisfy their wants and fears as individuals in the society as citizens live
by their common interest but this sense of fear as holds the society in place together. Municipals law
is about formulation, developing tools that have strength in numbers, establishes that all of us work
together. It is then defined how parts obey the whole, so the whole can be possible. Without a
superior authoritative, we fall into isolation because we need the supreme who govern us of 'what is
right and forbid what is wrong' or Superior to the inferior, meaning, the whole to the part or state to
the individual, which gives respect of their existence as citizens and the state not about citizen's
being a creature of God. The municipal law must be a general, it must be more than just an advice,
and it must not be dependent by will of an individual. Both the willing and the unwilling must
follow the law. It is a human free will. It is not an agreement; it must establish the bases of authority.
However, acting and free will differentiate. We must not act but free–will and opinion to say
anything must be allowed. It is therefore, limited and gives us certain rights to community to allow
some possible speech. The law is not something that not found from the state but it applies to
everyone. It must be made public and presented to the public ahead of time and the rules have to
come from a supreme

The Fundamental Law Of Nature And Government
In this essay I will be arguing that the prerogative is a right that is needed by the executive branch in
order to fulfill the fundamental law of nature and government: the preservation of all of its
members. So long as the fiduciary grant is meant to achieve this goal it has the right to be exercised
at the discretion of its user. This argument will discuss the nature of the prerogative, its necessity,
and its justification for use. This will be supported with evidence from Locke's Second Treatise of
Government. The prerogative is not an abusive instrument that is meant to subverts the laws society;
it is a tool meant to adhere with utmost urgency to the fundamental law of society: doing what is
best for the people and their property. It is meant to ensure that not even its own laws can do harm to
the citizens it so righteously protects. The enshrinement of this ideal is founded on the social
contract all members of civil society enter into when they become a part of society. This contract is
created from something as well; the law that governed man in its original state of nature, reason.
Locke asserts that man was born into the world in a perfect state of freedom to order his own
actions. He is capable of reciprocal jurisdiction without consent from any outside influence. Abiding
by the law of nature he came to find that all men were independent and equal by divine will. Since
God had created all men they would be his property, and thus all would be held in the same

Nature And Sources Of New Zealand Law Essay
Part One: Nature and sources of New Zealand law Law, Morality/Ethics and societal context
There are serval reasons why we need law in today's society, for instance: To regulate society, as the
traffic laws exist that enforce people drive in a safe manner; To protect people, as there are laws
about food safety to ensure that the food we buy is safe to eat; And to enforce rights, since the
criminals laws prevent or deter people from abuses other people.
However,
The Constitution
The US's Constitution was written during the Constitutional Convention and signed on September
17, 1787. While New Zealand has an unwritten Constitution, and it's found in court decisions,
statutes, doctrines and conventions. There are serval source of it, for instance: New Zealand Bill of
Rights Act, Constitution Act, Electoral Act, Supreme Court Act, and Treaty of Waitangi.
A convention is a non–legal rule of a political or constitutional nature. It is non–justicable.
Examples of conventions include: the caretaker convention––newly–elected governments cannot be
influenced by previous governments.the Governor–General always gives the Royal Assentto turn
bills into acts.
Tiriti O Waitangi / Treaty of Waitangi
(a) The principles of the Treaty are only enforceable when adopted in domestic law.
(b) The role of the Tribunal is to make non–binding recommendations for both historical grievances
and contemporary claims.
Part 2: Legislation
Parliamentary process
1. Three branches of government:
1)

4. Examine the Ways in Which Government Policies and Laws...
There are many different laws and policies that the government put in place which will affect
various social issues; in this case the family. Some sociologists believe that this social policy the
government enforces can make the family far more diverse; whilst others disagree. An example of
this social policy can be in China there is a 'one–child policy', which limits families from having
more than one child and in the instance that they do have more the government can inflict a series of
penalties, this policy is in place to control the population of China; 'For a prosperous, powerful
nation and a happy family, please use birth planning'. In the following item I intend to discuss how
social policies and laws in the UK may have affect the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
New Right Sociologists believe that this pattern will then be passed from generation–to–generation
if nothing is done to prevent it. However, Feminist Sociologists remain heavily critical of these
views and deem them as being 'sexist' as they are suggesting that women are incapable of bringing
up a child who is free of patriarchy. They argue that through the benefits that women receive as
being single–parents they can help the child avoid any domestic violence and abusive relationships
and therefore a single–parent living environment could be a better place, in terms of the child, than a
nuclear family in which domestic violence is present at the hands of mean because the relationship
is being 'forced'.
In contrast to all of the arguments above, some sociologists have suggested that changes in social
policies encourage the nuclear family and discourage any diversity of the family and its structure.
For example, marriage laws in the UK only allow people to marry one person at any given time,
thus encouraging the nuclear family, and furthermore, the coalition government intend to introduce a
married person tax allowance to encourage the idea of marriage and therefore the idea of the nuclear
family; a family group consisting of a father and mother and their children, who live together.
Similarly, the government has

Essay On Law Of Human Nature
The Law of Human Nature is often forgotten about but is a very important topic because it explains
the way that God gave us our own ability to choose between right and wrong, in other words in the
sense of what people actually do, compared to what they should do. There are things in life that we
want to do and there are also things in life that we have to do or need to do and the law of nature
will tell us what we need to do. Sometimes we need to follow our instincts and sometimes we do
not. The Law tells us what is right and wrong if we listen to it. Some will argue saying they don't
believe in a real right and wrong. "For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do what
the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law. They show that
the work of the law is written on their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness, and their
conflicting thoughts accuse or even excuse them on that day when, according to my gospel, God
judges the secrets of men by Christ Jesus." Romans 2:14–16.1 The Benson's Bible Commentary
says, "That is, what the law was to the Jews, they are by the light and grace of God to themselves,
namely, a rule of life. All the ancient Greek commentators, as Whitby has shown, interpreted this
passage not of the Gentiles who had been converted to Christianity, but of those Gentiles who had
not been favored with a revealed law, and therefore were neither proselytes to Judaism nor
Christianity."2 The Law of

Product Of Nature And The Patent Law
PATENT LAW PROJECT
ON
THE ISSUE OF 'PRODUCT OF NATURE ' IN PATENT LAW
SUBMITTED BY:
POORVI SHAH
FOURTH YEAR
SECTION–A
ID– 211035
WBNUJS
THE ISSUE OF 'PRODUCT OF NATURE ' IN PATENT LAW
INTRODUCTION
There exist several areas where further research and development is essential to promote the
longevity of mankind and enhance the quality of life, and since the aim of the patent system is to
promote innovation, it incentivises the same by looking after the financial aspect of the research
through funds and research grants. At the same time, certain domains of extremely important
research, requiring heavy funding, fall into the patent–ineligible category, hit by one or more of the
clauses of the patent related ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A CHRONOLOGY OF SELECTIVE JUDGEMENTS ON PRODUCT OF NATURE
A product of nature could be understood as something which exists in nature and the invention or
discovery of which is bereft of significant human intervention. Ex parte Latimer was one of the
earlier cases which disallowed for a patent for a natural product. The Judge opined that the fibre for
which a patent was requested existed in a natural state in the needles of the Australian pine and its
existence was also known of. However, a couple of decades later, in Parke–Davis & Co. v. H.K.
Mulford Co., a purified version of adrenaline was found to be patent eligible by Judge Hand, who
stressed on the difference in kind, not in degree. The US Supreme Court found an aggregation of
naturally occurring non–inhibitive microorganisms to be lacking for a patent . While the Court
accepted that the combination was a step forward and useful, the fact remained that the state of
inhibition was its natural state and had nothing to do with human intervention, and hence, this
naturally occurring phenomena ought to be part of the common knowledge for all men.
One of the major cases , post the enactment of the 1952 Patents Act held that there was nothing in
the wording of the statute that disqualified a

Is Clouds By Aristophanes : The Corrupt Nature Of...
Satirical literature is often referred to as comical composure that critiques the recklessness of man.
As such, a vivid satire serves to uncover the truths of society in a clear and direct fashion. With the
problematic lifestyle of Strepsiades and Pheidippides, Aristophanes addresses how the injustice of
the democratic system progressively moving towards a system of oligopoly. Similarly, aristocrats
are able to control society by molding the political agenda to fit their needs, intellectuals use
rhetorical skills to get away with their bidding. In this essay I will argue that Clouds by Aristophanes
captures the corrupt nature of individuals who try and remake laws or customs for the purpose of
gaining money and power. Through the the implications that arise from a democratic political
framework, and the transition between the superior and the inferior argument we see democracy 's
faulty nature; The desire for money and power is seemingly endless, illuminating democracy's
inability to preserve stability. On another note, sophistry, commonly known as the art of using
rhetoric to successfully argue any topic towards one 's favor is often frowned upon in the play. Such
a skill is carried out through the inferior argument that is discussed further in the play. Free thinkers
like Socrates were known to be a corrupting force within Athenian society. But, getting rid of "bad"
educators would fail to create a fair society, and much less fix the mistakes of those in power.
Wiping out

Nature And Divine Centralization: The Law Of Divine...
THE LAW OF DIVINE OR UNIVERSAL CENTRALISATION
The Law of Divine Centralisation is the first principle of God's creation; it is the law of life. God
created the universe based on this one great Law. This law stipulates that "All things come from
God, live in God and exist for God". Outside of God there is no life, and existing without
dependence on God is makes for an insignificant existence. All things made by God are centred in
Him. God is the centre of Creation; everything revolves around His presence. On the first day God
created light, and light was His first creative act. Note that the light of the first day did not come
from any luminary, but directly from God Himself. This light was sourced from God's inner being.
Jesus is the light ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Separated from Jesus, an angel is fruitless and dead. Satan and his demons are dead–spirits because
they rebelled against God. Angels live because of the blood of Jesus, and for this reason the Bible
says that the blood of Jesus was shed before the foundation of the world (Revelation 13:8). More
than 2000 years ago, the Roman soldiers crucified Jesus on a wooden cross at the place called
Golgotha. This event happened at a precise time and at a specific place in the history of the world.
Jesus was slain outside of Jerusalem, on a certain Friday at around 3pm. Spiritually, Jesus was also
slain in eternity, before the creation of all things. The crucifixion of Jesus before the creation reveals
the predestination of his sacrificial death for the salvation of the world. God knew from eternity that
sin will enter into creation and He had already prepared a sacrifice of atonement (Ephesians 1:4–5).
God is omniscient, He knew that sin will corrupt the creation and He had foreordained Jesus His
only begotten Son to come and die for the salvation of creation. Since the beginning of the world,
Jesus kept this sacrificial agreement with the Father until the due time. Jesus died in the Will of God
from eternity; He acceded to give His life for us before the foundation of the world. There is life is
in the blood (Leviticus 17:11). The blood of Jesus is His life, which should give vitality to all the

First Three Laws Of Nature By Thomas Hobbes
The first three laws of nature according to Thomas Hobbes were a way to put an end to the state of
war. These laws are based on the idea of a social contract between two human beings that involves
mutual rights between parties. In this answer I will describe how these laws can bring about peace in
society.
Since all of these laws are brought together through peace, according to Hobbes the first law deals
with seeking out peace where war is not an option. Hobbes believes that in order for man to preserve
life he must seek out peace and if peace is achieved this will prevent us from the state of war. In
today's society our goal is to advance the global peace system by supporting and collaborating with
peacebuilding efforts.
The second law of nature deals with the surrendering of our natural rights in order to achieve peace
that we are seeking. If a person does not give up their natural right, they are considered a threat to
the existence of peace among a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This law is the foundation for human justice but because of the human desire for power, there is
always an incentive to break this contract despite the logic of the third law and the natural mandate
to preserve our own lives (Hobbes; Leviathan Chapter 14–16). Other natural laws and eventually the
concept of sovereignty must come into play in order to preserve functionality of this third law
(Hobbes; Leviathan Chapter 14–16).
According to Hobbes if all individuals follow these three natural laws there is a greater chance of
peace in society. In a social contract between individuals, there is an agreement to give up their
natural rights. Hobbes uses this theory to explain the relationship between individuals and others in
society and how they can live free from constant conflict and maintain the peace in

The Changing Nature of Crime and Law Enforcement
Law enforcement agencies nationwide must constantly adapt to the changing nature of crime and the
ways criminals must be prosecuted. New dangers like terrorism, as well as old ones, such as public
corruption, threaten the public and force police agencies to acclimate themselves to this new
environment. President Clinton explained the need for the development of the federal and local law
enforcement agencies.
"We have begun to find a way to reduce crime, forming community partnerships with local police
forces to catch criminals and prevent crime. This strategy, called community policing, is clearly
working. But we still have a long way to go before our streets are safe and our people are free from
fear. Our next step in the fight against ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
White–Collar crime entails illegal actions committed by upper class people and businesses. In the
past crimes like fraud, embezzlement, income–tax evasion, and abuse of political and legal powers
were treated by authorities more than typical crimes.
Historically, most white–collar criminals were simply fired or fined. Rarely were jail sentences
imposed let alone served. This leniency stemmed from the perception that a high–status individual
implicated in criminal activity was sufficiently punished by the loss of their social stature and partly
from the fact that most white–collar crimes are so–called victimless offenses. Only recently has this
attitude begun to change. White–collar crime has become an increasing problem in the latter part of
the twentieth century. Authorities in the U.S., in particular, are dealing more severely with such
crimes. Identity theft has been a problem facing police departments recently. It is a crime in which
someone obtains and uses another person's personal information in a way that involves fraud. In the
United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized people have
taken money out of their bank. In 1998 Congress made identity theft a federal offense to therefore
create stricter penalties for these criminals. Police agencies all over the country must constantly
adjust to the shifting nature of crime and the ways criminals will be

St. Thomas Aquinas On God And The Laws Of Nature
The world does not function in absolutes, therefore, I find myself aligning with St. Thomas Aquinas
over Immanuel Kant. Aquinas' Natural Law is based on God and the laws of nature. Aquinas
identifies five primary precepts: reproduction, life, education, justice and worship. The primary
precepts, then break down into secondary precepts that are flexible and realistic. Aquinas views the
laws that affect man as coming from one of four areas. Eternal law is the mind of God and what he
was thinking when he made us. Divine law is found in the Bible and acts as a guide for life. Natural
law is our conscience and helps guide our daily actions. The final law is the human law which
incorporates the laws written by man. Secondly, Aquinas allows for flexibility and the reality of the
world which in turn makes his Natural Law easier to follow. An example is the primary precept of
reproduction, which at its core says any action that prevents the increase of our population is wrong.
This is the basis for the Catholic Church's stance against homosexuality, abortions, and
contraception. However, if a woman with cancer is pregnant and opts to take chemotherapy and the
result is the death of the fetus that is acceptable. Aquinas reasons it is acceptable because the death
of the fetus was an unintended consequence of saving the life of the mother. Aquinas says that first
the action must be good, in this case saving the life of the mother. The next part is the evil must be

Reflection Paper On Law Of Nature
Reflection paper questions–Locke
There is a need to understand the law of nature because law of nature is a perfect law of equality,
peace, no superiority of one person over another and absolute freedom for everyone. Nature
provides human beings with a law by which everyone is equal, everyone got equal freedom, equal
rights, and no one can dominate other by using the claims of jurisdiction or autonomy. It is very
important to understand the law of nature because it provides a perfect example of how a peaceful
and orderly world should. In a peaceful and orderly world, there is no violation of law, if someone
breaks the law he/she will be punished equally and in this way, every human being will enjoy
maximized freedom.
In the law of nature there is only one supreme power who is controlling nature and every living
thing on nature will follow the set rules of harmony, peace and cooperation. They all shouldstay in
the natural law to progress and in that way, not only nature will be preserved but human beings can
also live in harmony. The concept is important because political power is a concept that is invented
to run the states and communities in orderly manner and to provide freedom, equality and justice to
everyone. A perfect political power will be that power that ensures law of nature is to be followed in
any case and thus to understand political power, one must learn the basics of law of nature. All
people are equal in the state of nature because there is only one supreme being and all human beings
are equal with equal rights to prosper and live. There are no issues of jurisdiction or supremacy of
one person over another because law of nature has provided every human being with equal
opportunities.
According to Locke the main reason we cannot harm each other is that because all human beings are
created equals thus no one is superior as compare to other and if we will harm another equal being
we are challenging the authority of sovereign creator who gave freedom to everyone but we are
enjoying our freedom but snatching others. He gave the example of like we use animals, because
human beings use animals against their will, they use them for money and profits and do not care
about their rights or freedom

`` The Republic Of Nature `` By Mark Fiege, The Salem...
Pure Perspective
From the mightiest of Redwoods to the tiniest bacterium, nature encapsulates mankind. Nature
surrounds humanity as a sovereign witness to man's most astounding triumphs, and the disgusting
atrocities perpetrated by man against his fellow man. Regardless of the circumstances, nature
remains unbiased in the face of all conflicts and struggles. Nature cannot deceive or mislead like
humanity can. It is for this reason why nature has an ideal perspective to view history. As shown
through Mark Fiege's book The Republic of Nature: an Environmental History of the United States,
the lense of nature is extremely important to both readers and historians alike due to the fact that
unlike almost all other sources, nature is unbiased and honest. This is exemplified through Fiege's
exploration of the history of the the construction of the Lincoln Memorial, the Salem witch trials,
and natural law.
Prior to diving into the many new insights that can be comprehended while viewing history through
a natural lense, it is important to define nature in this context. While man is technically a creation of
nature, and therefore nature himself, he shall be excluded from this brief definition of what
composes nature. Here, nature will be considered everything living or otherwise on this earth that is
not a creation or product of humanity. All other creatures and parts of the environment are to be
considered nature.
To introduce the powerful effect of the unbiased lense of nature,

Thomas Hobbes' First Three Laws of Nature and the Fool's...
Hobbes' First Three Laws of Nature and the Fool's Objection
Thomas Hobbes begins The Leviathan by establishing the idea that all men are created equal,
although every man perceives himself as smarter than the next. As Hobbes says: "[men] will hardly
believe there are many so wise as themselves; for they see their own wit at hand, and other men's at
a distance" (25). He then argues for psychological egoism, describing mankind as driven by self–
interest and, ultimately, only self–interest. This leads mankind to a constant state of war where
human beings will pit themselves against each other in competition because "if any two men desire
the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies: (25). Hobbes ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, they transfer some of these rights to a select few members of society that use those rights to
maintain the laws of the covenant. An ideal covenant, in Hobbes' mind, would be a large, powerful
"leviathan" government to make and regulate laws at a high level of efficiency, hence the title of his
work (the bible refers to the "leviathan" as a massive sea monster." Hobbes derives his Third Law of
Nature from the second, which states it necessary that "men perform their covenants made" (31),
because a covenant becomes void is any member violates or is reasonably suspected of violating the
regulations of the covenant. In order to fortify what appears to be a fragile idea of a social contract,
the members of the contract need to set up some sort of governing body that will punish violators of
the covenant. The level and extremity of the punishment is important, because "the terror
of...punishment [must be] greater than the benefit they expect by the breach of their covenant" (31).
The idea is not only to punish those who break the laws of the social contract, but to scare off
individuals from ever doing so. To carry out the regulations of a society, the members establish a
commonwealth, which represents the general sentiment or voice of the society either through one
leader or an assembly of them. The Third Law of Nature creates a sound society where peace is

Human Nature, Law, And English Boys
Sam Anderson
Ms.Ruiz
Honors World Literature
0 Period
6 October 2017
Human Nature, Law, and English Boys Humans created moral law to govern themselves, and be
able to exist in civilized society, but people are arrogant and break these rules in order to gain
control and power over others. Lord of the Flies, a novel by William Golding, describes, using
Hobbes' theory of human nature needing laws in order to stay civilized, a group of boys attempting
to create a society. Lord of the Flies is a story of a group of boys who crash landed on an island and
are trying to create a functioning society with a government. Hobbes' theory of human nature says
that human societies need laws in order to stay civilized and not fall into savagery. The ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the very beginning the boys listen to Ralph's suggestions. The group has heard suggestions
from Piggy, Jack and Ralph but have only listened to the boy with the, "size, and attractive
appearance," which shows their low standards for leaders. The boys base their decisions on the
aesthetic appeal of Ralph instead of his capability of leadership. The most powerful thing affecting
the decision was the conch, a major symbol of power and control. The conch is something that
summons and silences the boys, and allows them to speak during meetings. Hobbes' theory says that
human nature is basically selfish and therefore they follow the leader who is most likely to give
them what they want. Ralph demonstrates what the boys want in that he calls for a vote, giving all
they boys control over their society. The boys are interested by Ralph which causes them to want to
keep him around as something to marvel at so they make him the leader. Toward the end of the
novel, Piggy criticizes the behavior of the boys in Jack's society which causes them to become very
angry. Roger, on the cliff above them, uses the lever to push a boulder aimed at Piggy. Golding
wrote, "... the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. Piggy...traveled
through the air sideways from the rock, turning over as he went. ... Piggy fell forty feet and landed
on his back across the square red rock in the

Nature and Authority of Sharia Law Essay
PAGE 1 – THE NATURE AND AUTHORITY OF THE SHARIA
PAGE 2 – HOW THE WILL OF GOD MAY BE KNOWN REGARDING CONTEMPORAY
ISSUES
PAGE 3 – AUTHORITY
PAGE 4 – IMPORTANCE (GUIDE TO LIFE, ACCURACY)
PAGE 5 – DIFFERING UNDERSTANDINGS OF IJTIHAD
PAGE 6 – GLOSSARY
Nature and Authority of the Shari'a
In technical terms it is a clearly defined way of following the guidance of God that was left as a
pattern for Islamic living by each of the messengers: Muhammad [SAW] left a Shari'a left for the
Muslims that was based on the rules and regulations of the faith. We have seen this through the way
Muslims pray five times a day keep the fast, obtaining the five pillars. The Shari'a is never an
arbitrary law made up by the prophets or by a vote ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A mujtahid is an Islamic scholar who is competent to interpret sharia by Ijtihad.
The Qur'an commands Ijithad in early Islam as it was the common practice and later it was
combined with early Islamic philosophy. Slowly it fell out of practice in the Sunni fiqh for many
reasons.
A western scholar called Joseph Schacht stated that the close of the door of Ijtihad had occurred by
the beginning for the 10th century.
Other scholars such as Wael Hallaq demonstrated that Ijtihad has remained an essential part of the
Sunni Muslim tradition, despite the emphasis on the taqlid. Hallaq wrote that a minority always
claimed that a properly–qualified scholar must have the right to ijtihad at all times. Long after the
10th century the principles of ijtihad continued to be discussed in the Islamic legal literature.
Qiya's;
In Islamic jurisprudence, Qiya's is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the
Hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Qur'an, in order to apply a known injunction
to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. The ruling of the Sunnah and the Qur'an may be

used to solve or provide a response to a new problem that may arise. This, maybe the only the case
providing that the set precedent or paradigm and the new problem that has come about will share
operative causes (illah). Illah is the specific set of circumstances that trigger a certain law into
action.
Sunni Islam and Shia Islam share

Human Nature, Law, And Justice In Utopia By Sir Thomas More
Human nature, Law, and Justice in "Utopia"
"Utopia, Book I" by Sir Thomas More begins with the narrator, More, that is traveling around
Northern Europe as an ambassador for England and ends up in Antwerp. While he was in Antwerp,
he met up with a good friend of his Peter Giles. One day he finds Giles conversing with a bearded
man. Soon Giles introduces him to this man, Raphael Hythloday. Hythloday is a philosopher and
travels to different places around the world. After More and Hythloday meet, More is intrigued by
the stories Hythloday has to say. The three of them all go to Giles' house for supper and a long chat.
Hythloday then describes about the many voyages he has been on along with Amerigo Vespucci, a
famous Italian explorer. They have traveled to the New World, South of the Equator, through Asia
and then mentions how he ended up in an island called Utopia. He then describes the different
societies in the variety of countries he has gone to. Giles and More come to the conclusion that
Hythloday will be a great counselor to a king. Hythloday rejects their idea and begins telling the
story of when he once had a dinner with Cardinal Morton and others. Throughout this dinner he
proposed a variety of ways for punishing people who break the laws. They refuse his proposals. He
uses this story by showing More and Giles how useless it is to counsel a king or prince when his
other counsels agree with the king 's beliefs and policies. He tells other different stories to prove his

Christianity : The Law Of Human Nature And Christianity
We have the two laws, the Law of nature and the law of human nature or moral law. Two world
views discussed are the "Life–force" philosophy, an overall creator, or "Creative evolution", which
holds that any variation on this planet evolved from a life–force. You would have to dig deeper to
see if they mean one with a mind.
We hold an uneasiness of the realization of being wrong. To fix our understanding of where we
might be at, we must move back. Move back towards the intersection where the wrong worldview or
theological mishap occurred to progress on the correct road instead of continuing on the wrong road
which you may be on.
We now realize that at this point there is a real driving force, a being, or someone behind the
universe. We see that this being is out for good in a sense by looking at the moral law. Humans have
made enemies of this being by disobeying or not living up to such a moral law. Coming to the
uneasiness of knowing we are guilty is where Christianity shows how God himself has provided
forgiveness and grace. We must first look for ultimate truth to find real comfort.
There seems to be some overlapping truths in other religions that coincide with Christianity. But
even within those beliefs, there is a real distinction. Those that believe God in beyond good and evil
is Pantheism and those that believe that God is ultimately good and righteous is Christianity. How
have we come to the idea or fact that there is good and evil, just and unjust, without the

The Nature And Role Of Law In Democracy
The nature and role of law is important to political theory because the use of law raises important
questions about oppression versus liberation and morality. Law in a democracy in relation to the
citizens that it governs should strive not to oppress, but rather to liberate and assist citizens when in
conflict with higher officials or fellow citizens. Laws in a democracy should be held with the intent
of safeguarding the public and promoting the common good. John Stuart Mill makes a valid point
when he says: "The only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over any member of a
civilized community against his will is to prevent harm to others."
In addition to this, there is a fine line between the law and morality, as not every citizen shares the
same moral values. Law is able to be more finite, as it has a written set of rules that citizens should
strive to follow. However, morality is more subjective, as it weighs the right and wrong in given
situations.
The rule of law simply states that the law should be the overarching guideline. The rule of law
provides a framework that both citizens and government officials should follow. John Locke stated
that the rule of law provided protection from "every other member of society, as indeed they are
from him." The rule of law allows for the right to life, liberty, and property so long as harm is not
taken to other citizens. In addition, the rule of law protects individuals from the state and ensures
that government is

Legal Positivism Vs. Law Of Nature
Legal Positivism v. the Law of Nature
Legal philosophy has changed dramatically throughout the years; many theories have evolved and
are still supported to this day. Concepts such as values, morality, desires, and reason all come into
play when law is defined. Law is a very difficult word to define; what exactly is it and where does it
come from? To understand the idea of law, one must also understand how humans have evolved.
From the beginning, humans have been forming groups for survival; either they were frightened by
animals or other tribes. As time went on, according to Thomas Hobbes, a government was created to
protect humans from their own evil actions. Since humans, according to historic events, have always
been brutal it would make sense a governing body was created to put an end to these acts of violent.
The question, in reality, is whether the government put an end to violent acts based on ethical
reasoning or was it created to promote survival within a larger society. This question brings forth the
two legal theories of the Law of Nature and Legal Positivism which both will be discussed later on.
Nevertheless, the sense of morality and a divine power was prominent in the past, there has been a
change in the present time. We now have a government which creates laws based on current desires
and enforce these laws without morality in mind.
Morals have dictated the behaviors of different societies throughout time; the idea of morality has
been tied alongside a

The Great Laws Of Nature : Indigenous Organic Agriculture
" Know your farmer, know your food" goes the slogan by organic farmers to promote the
consumption of locally grown food through organic frelated to survival and subsistence for many
people worldwide. Based on these seven UNESCO criteria, organic farmers' knowledge would
qualify as indigenous knowledge (Sumner, 2006). In resonance with the understanding of organic
knowledge as indigenous knowledge, a Canadian documentary video, titled "the great laws of
nature: indigenous organic agriculture" reflects and confirms the concept of indigenous knowledge
as organic farmer's knowledge. The documentary explicates how some indigenous peoples believe
that the "concept of organic" was designed by the creator following the fact that nature lives in
harmony with itself without gossips or worries, living side by side with each other without fighting
over that piece of land in which they are found. (Williams Ermine, Saskatchewan Elder). Through
the act of studying nature, indigenous peoples identified four kinds of plant beings; flowers, grasses,
trees and vegetables. They have demonstrated that to each of the plant beings, the creator gave the
spirit of life, growth, healing and beauty and each is placed where it will be most beneficial. The
believe that everything has life and spirit by the indigenous peoples initiated their concept that plant
were put on the earth to look after all living things and everything in the universal has a purpose in
its natural state. Thus, man needs to

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