Chihapas Poverty

Chihapas Poverty
Chiapas' Poverty & Lack of Quality Health Care and Access
" Amidst the trash this young girl has found some tortillas, her family is so poor the tortillas will become part of tonight's dinner. What was food for
the dogs and flies becomes food for the family ( Odell, 2011). " Chiapas, Mexico has high rates of poverty and poor healthcare and access. Chiapas
faces so many health and economic problems that can easily be decreased and prevented. This nation has poor nutrition, contaminated natural resources,
lack of education and preventable disease.
Regarding Mexico's healthcare system we can start as early as 1943. This is the year where three major institutions were created. One institution was
the Ministry of health. This ministry cared for
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Zapatista History
In 1994 Mexico 's leaders entered into trade agreements with foreign interests (NAFTA) that at US insistence, made changes to their constitution that
effectively ended Indian communal land right, making it possible for Foreign corporations to take Indian land and resources. The Maya rose up in
rebellion to defend their land and their culture. This courageous act of resistance against a system that was sucking the life out of an already
beleaguered population brought the wrath of the Mexican government on any community in Chiapas suspected of supporting the Zapatista rebels
(EZLN). When President Zedillo tried to solve the "Chiapas problem" in February 1995 by launching a military attack, domestic and international
criticism forced him to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because 1994 was an election year, opposition parties used the rebel uprising as an example of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party 's (PRI)
neglect of the poor. By mid–1994, ongoing peace talks between the government and the Zapatistas seemed to fizzle out after the rebels rejected a
peace accord from the government on the grounds that, although it addressed the needs of peasants in Chiapas, it failed to address national changes.
The Zapatistas once again gained national attention in December 1994, when several peasant groups affiliated with the ZNLA peacefully took over
several municipalities in Chiapas. The ZNLA leader, known only as "Subcommander/Subcomendante Marcos," said the peasant mobilization was the
first "military action" he had ordered since the original rebellion and warned that the Zapatistas would rise again if Chiapas ' current government, which
the Zapatistas claim was fraudulently elected, did not resign. In February 1996, the government and the Zapatistas signed the first of six formal peace
agreements aimed at ending the two–year uprising, but talks broke down by the end of the year. With the Jul 6, 1997 national elections resulting in
heavy losses for the PRI, the ZNLA 's claim of national electoral fraud lost some weight. Nonetheless, the group 's ideals of Indian self–government,

Chapas Conflict
Chiapas Conflict CBA The Chiapas conflict refers to the 1994 Zapatista Uprising and its aftermath, as well as the general tensions between the
indigenous peoples and subsistence farmers in the Mexican state of Chiapas, having its roots in the 1990s and 1980s.
The Zapatista uprising started in January 1994, lasting for less than two weeks, before being crushed by the government. Negotiations between the
government and Zapatistas allowed agreements to be signed as part of peace negotiations, but these agreements were not complied with in the
following years and the peace process stagnated. This resulted in an increasing division between people and communities with ties to the government
and communities that sympathized with the Zapatistas. Social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus the ejido–system was created, which in practice should comprise the power of private investments by foreign corporations and absentee
landlords, and entitled the indigenous population to a piece of land to work and live on. The compromise recognized the right of individuals to own
private property and of associations, whether Indian or other, to similarly own property, thereby allowing for security, safety, and property of the mostly
Spanish upper class whilst elevating Indian and Meztizo groups to equality before the law while simultaneously allowing them to retain their traditional
pre–colonial and colonial customs and

Essay on Zapatista Movement in Mexcio
The Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas, Mexico got worldwide attention on January 1, 1994, when they marched to Mexico City against the signing of the
North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The free trade agreement was intended to facilitate trading between Canada, United States, and
Mexico. The Zapatista claimed that this agreement would affect the indigenous people of Chiapas by further widening the gap between the poor and
the rich. In this paper I will examine the NAFTA agreement and the Zapatista's ideology and claims against the NAFTA agreement to see whether or
not any real effects have risen within the indigenous people of Chiapas Mexico and in Mexico as a whole.
The goal of North American Free Trade agreementwas to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
agricultural products, which might end Mexican crop subsidies. They argued that this would significantly reduce the income and affect the living
standards of many southern Mexican farmers. They would not be able to compete with the subsidized, artificially fertilized, mechanically harvested,
and genetically modified imports from the United States.
The signing of NAFTA also resulted in a big problem for the indigenous people in Mexico. Prior to the signing of NAFTA, Article 27 Section VII in the
Mexican Constitution guaranteed land reparations to indigenous groups all throughout Mexico. With the signing of NAFTA, Article 27 Section VII
was instantly removed. This article of the constitution is extremely important to the Zapatista movement given that it was the cornerstone of Emiliano
Zapata's work during the Mexican revolution. Article 27 also protected the ingenious people who had landholdings from sale or privatization. In
Noam Chomsky's Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order, he notes that, "The uprising coincided with the enactment of NAFTA, which the
Zapatista army called a "death sentence" for Indians..." (122). As soon as the agreement was signed the EZLN declared war on the Mexican state.
The impact of NAFTA on Mexico and its farmers is undeniable. In the year 2000, the United States government subsidies to the corn sector totaled an
estimated $10 billion. These subsidies have led to

Infectious And Chronic Disease
infectious and chronic disease. Government and people felt the healthcare system was not effectively combating chronic disease. There were many
changes in access to care. Those insured under Seguro Primero have access to treatment and medication for even characteristically expensive diseases
like pediatric cancer. The resources previously spent on health care can now be spent on other needs such as nutrition and education. Infectious
diseases decreased as vaccination became more accessible due to the implementation of intervention programs and the increase in money towards
healthcare. The reform made it possible for 50 million people to be covered. Certain low income areas still have lower quality in health care and
funding disparities still

Coffee and Starbucks
Jonathan Klein
MN 305
Donna Trent
June 29th, 2010 Starbucks Sourcing Problems: Trying to Find a way to Protect the Environment while maintaining a high quality coffee bean
Starbucks Coffee Corporation is facing some strategic decisions on its current policy with regard to partnering with NGOs. Starbucks has a long
history of social involvement. "CSR originated in 1994 as the Environmental Affairs Department with a budget of $50,000; by 2002, the 14–member
department had a budget of 6 million. (Austin & Reavis, 2004) Recently Starbucks completed a six year, $450,000 project with Conservation
International; an NGO that 's mission "is to conserve the earth 's natural heritage and it 's global biodiversity, as well as to demonstrate ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chiapas Project itself consumed too many resources to be sustainable elsewhere. Starbucks would have to subsidize projects in other countries and
partner with other NGO's, who may or may not share the same values and work ethic as Conservation International. Starbucks would have to set–up
infrastructure, education centers, and hospitals. Starbucks would have to maintain a staff on the ground to ensure that best practices where in place.
The development would occur at a slow pace. The amount of conserved land may not be a significant enough area to ensure the survival of diverse
species of animals and plants. All this time and effort to produce a coffee bean that may not meet Starbucks quality standards Starbucks needs to find
another strategy, one that continues to encourage conservation and farmer education, but also a strategy that would affect the industry as a whole.
With this in mind Starbucks and CI decided to create coffee sourcing guidelines that would affect the suppliers of coffee. "Under Starbucks new
system, introduced as a two year pilot program, suppliers of any size or location could earn up to 100 points for performance in three sustainability
categories...if the suppliers me all the criteria, that is ,scored 100 points, it would become a preferred supplier and its coffee would receive priority in
Starbucks'

Civil Aspects Of The Indigenous Communities
The Indigenous people throughout Mexico have had a tumultuous history filled with violence and repression. Their rich cultures have repeatedly been
infringed upon by outside cultures, and their place in the world remains uncertain to this day. This battle to retain their culture began centuries ago, and
envelopes all different types of Indigenous groups, from the old Aztecs to the Zapotecs. Their society was and remains to be very different from popular
culture in Mexico and Spain during the times of the Conquistadores, and they have therefore been subjected to different persecutions and
maltreatments throughout history. The Indigenous people have had their own customs and social laws since their inception. These customs are very
different than popular Mexican society, and therefore are the targets of criticism and persecution at the hands of the Mexican government. One of the
most defining civil aspects of the Indigenous communities is the concept of communal land. The land was owned by the community as a whole,
known as Ejido land, and households were given land to work and live on in exchange for their agreement to follow the social aspects of the society.
The system was a complex and effective web of public–held positions for every aspect of civil society from police to mayordomos, or the people who
tended to the saints for a year. It was a kind of social obligation, and composed of both a civil and religious hierarchy. This system was an effective
way to maintain

20th-Century Mexican Woman Analysis
Mexico has a colorful and remarkable history. This is especially true during the 20th century. The 1900s saw many changes in political, social,
economic matters in Mexico. Mexico went through a revolution, reinstated democracy, and saw improvements to the economy. One of the most
notable change in Mexico was in its social reform. At the turn of the 20th century, women rights, native rights, and educational opportunities were
very few. As the 20th century progressed, many Mexican people began advocating for social reform in these areas. In the early 1900s, the
sociocultural characteristics of Mexico was very different than it is today. Women's role in society was to only stay at home with the family and they
did not have the right to vote. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She began publishing essays in 1963 for a weekly cultural supplement for several newspapers in Mexico City. According to Maureen Ahern, "Rosario
Castellanos was the first Mexican writer to draw the essential connections among sex, class, and race as factors that define women in Mexico."
Castellanos explored this connection in her essays and tried to enlighten others about them as well. This is especially seen in the essay "The
Nineteenth–Century Mexican Woman". In the essay, Castellanos discusses the many stereotypes given to women– chaste, loyal, sacrificial, and stolid–
and if a woman is not these things, she is compared to a prostitute by society. She goes on to ask the reader if these things are indeed the true
characteristics of the Mexican Woman, or the characteristics society forces on women. Racial discrimination is another topic of Castellanos's
essays, although not as common as the topic of women in Mexico. In her essay "Discrimination in the United States and Chiapas", Castellanos
does a wonderful job of showing the similarities in the United States and in Chiapas when it comes to racial issues. She begins by discussing the
horror of the Nazis and Klu Klux Klan and their violence toward other races and points out that there are similarities between the two groups and the
situation in Mexico. However, she believes the situation is not as dire in Mexico and proposes that fate can be averted. She discusses that the natives
need to be given education, the chance to assimilate, and the opportunity to fuse into Mexican society. If this is accomplished. Castellanos proposes
that the natives and whites can live together harmoniously in Mexico. Castellanos does a beautiful job in all of her essays of discussing the issues
with race and gender in Mexican society and calls the readers to action in order to accomplish

The Zapatista People : Stateless Nation
Martin Cueto Jr
Geography 101
Stateless nation
2 March, 2015
Zapatistas
The Zapatista people were formed in a jungle in Chiapas, Mexico where they started to grow in numbers and started forming a small rural town. They
are a movement, they are a revolution. The Zapatistas are men, women and children. The Zapatistas are farmers they call the earth their mother and
call themselves the people of corn. The Zapatistas are indigenous Mayan people whom speak many languages and come from many cultures. They did
not have any money nor were part of the Chiapas community. Ever since they started they wanted to stay in their own place and not get involved with
anyone else's problems. I believe The Zapatistas should get their own Nation because they have shown initiative and the power it will take them to
become one. They also have sufficient land and people to call themselves a nation. The Zapatistas also have their own government and laws. The
Zapatistas are strong independent indigenous Mayan people who have created such strong Nation. They do everything they need to survive and
flourish in their nation. The Zapatistas aren't really associated with Chiapas nor Mexico in the way that they provide for themselves. For example they
own a lot of fertile land in which they grown their own food and care for it. They build their own houses and all of their buildings. The Zapatistas
Nation has come to the point where they have their own hospitals and schools. As you can see they are a

Mayan Culture Research Paper
I.LOCATION AND ORIGIN OF THE CULTURE
The Maya Culture is one of the main cultures of Mexico and South America. This culture flourished during the early classic period until the post
classic period. the Maya area includes the Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Yucatan (Mexico) and some parts of Chiapas (
Mexico), as well as the
Western of Honduras.
At the time of the early classic period, or also known as the pre classic period, the first Maya established from the Pacific Cost thru the southern Maya
Lowlands. During these years (1800 B.C – A.D 300), the early Maya were farmers who lived in small villages. By the last years of the pre–classic
period, the Maya culture's complexity began to rise with the emerging of elite rulers, the development of pottery styles and the long distance trade,
which include elite items like jade and obsidian. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the course of these years, the Maya culture erected from the moment they started to build stelae, monuments and developed a calendar. Moreover, the
culture started to develop a complex agriculture system, as well as an art and architecture system.
The location of the Maya culture and lands was divided as the south lowlands and northern lands. The south lowlands, have a tropical monsoon habitat;
which means, that this area is hot and humid through the year. In the other hand, the northern lands are characterized by the cenotes– natural sinkhole
that exposes ground water, it is caused by the fall of limestone bedrock. The northern lands have a wet–dry habitat, and included only the territory of
Yucatan, Mexico. Meanwhile, the south lowland territory covered the territory of Belize,Guatemala, Chiapas (Mexico) and the lowland of

Chiapas Research Paper
Estado Liber y Soberano de Chiapas, Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas, also known as just Chiapas is one of the 32 federal entities that exist in
Mexico. It is located in southeastern Mexico, it is the southern most state in Mexico. Chiapas also has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean. Near
Teapa, rainfall in that region can average to more than 3,000mm per year and the rainfall amount decreases as you move to the south. It's climate in
several areas allows some Chiapas regions to have cloud forests similar to those of the Reserva de la Biosfera el Triunfo. Chiapas is divided into 122
municipalities and it's capital city Tuxtla Guiterrez. Chiapas is home to some of the most beautiful ancient Mayan ruins of Palenque, Yaxchilan,
Bonapack, and Chinkultic, as well as being a home to one of the largest indigenous populations in the country with twelve recognized ethnicities....
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the pre–colombian era, recent excavations in the Soconusco region in that states show that the oldest civilization to have existed in Chiapas would
have be that of Mokaya, existing and thriving as early as 1500BCE which makes it one of the oldest in Mesoamerica. During it's prelatic era, it has
already been discovered that Chiapas is not Olmec, but it is known that they had close relations to them. Undergoing extremely well planned importing
and exporting, parts of Chiapas can be seen to have Olmec influenced architecture and products that had originally been made in the Olmec civilization,
including things such as amber, magnetite, and ilmenite. In the classic period in this region is when the Mayan civilization thrived, giving way for the
ruins located in modern day

Preparing Globally Competent Schools: An Analysis
The concept of globalization and the effects it has on communities, teaching, and learning is under exploration in this module. Yong Zhao (2010)
provides a broad overview of the impact of globalization on American students and teachers in "Preparing Globally Competent Teachers: A New
Imperative for Teacher Education." He helps to codify globalization, writing, "when global distance shrink, human activities are no longer confined by
geographic locations or bounded by political entities" (p. 422). Zhao builds off the foundation of the globalization concept that Thomas Friedman
describes in his 2005 book The World is Flat. Furthermore, Zhao (2005) explores challenges globalization places on the American education system and
teachers, including: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As, Zhoa (2005) writes:
Globalization has already affected our economic, social, and cultural life significantly. The impact of globalization is only going to deepen and the
consequences will be more broadly felt. For our children to live successfully and peacefully in this globalized world, we need to help them develop the
appropriate skills, knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives (p. 429).
It is my duty to my future students to understand their perspective and remain on top of research and strategic models that can improve their
classroom experience and foster their learning. Only by first adapting my classroom and teaching practice to effects of globalization can I hope to
better prepare my students and ensure they are successfully able to live up to the potential, so that no student in my classroom has the experience of
falling into the "nowhere," such as Baman (2007)

Pathos In Rigoberta Menchu
I, Rigoberta MenchГє, is the personal narrative of a Guatemalan QuichГ© indigenous woman and her experiences as part of a culture and people
severely discriminated against. MenchГє speaks of life for a vast majority of the indigenous population in Guatemala. She describes a life of extreme
poverty plagued by violence, starvation, and socio–economic inequality. Her people have been systematically oppressed since the Spanish conquest of
Guatemala and have been forced into a subservient position to an elite minority who controls the means of production. These elitists are a portion of a
larger group that MenchГє refers to as "ladinos." A ladino is any Guatemalan who rejects his or her indigenous heritage and who views himself or
herself as superior to the Maya people. The death of MenchГє's family prompts her to speak on behalf of all indigenous people and dedicate her life to
overthrowing the relation of domination and exclusion that characterizes Guatemalan society. In order to accomplish this, MenchГє acts pragmatically
and adopts techniques from ladino culture, such as the Spanish language and Christianity, to more effectively protect her own culture. MenchГє uses
pathos, appealing to her readers' empathy, to gain their support for her human rights efforts by demonizing ladino culture through horrific examples of
violence and the idea that she can only resist racial discrimination by assimilating to the culture perpetuating it. As Elisabeth Burgos–Debray states in
the

Chiapas Paz Mexico Mural Analysis
The reason I think Chiapas Paz Mexico mural at City Lights bookstore on Jack Kerouac alley is art because the artist communicates with the viewers
by using art theory such as color theory, lines and shapes, and composition on his mural.
The artist paints a work of art "Chiapas Paz Mexico" which is influenced by the way of life of the people living in a river valley in Mexico. For the
composition, he paints the mural by dividing two main parts by using flat form style to tell the story. He doesn't show perspective or overlap objects
on the mural. However, the right side of the mural, he paints an unrealistic shape and forms little village with buildings, trees, hills and people into
the background of the mural, making them appear far away. At the top of mural, there is an army standing above the mountains of the village. The
other interesting part is the old woman at the left side of the mural. She has the biggest portrait on black the background and is separated from a part
of the village by the 3 soldiers. However, there is a rainbow ribbon connecting two parts together and the woman is a starting point of the rainbow. The
rainbow ribbon shows the movement from the old woman to the river at the bottom right and continues moves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The color tone is mostly analogous in the mural; however, there are complementary colors in detail elements such as the artist uses blue and green
for large areas to represent river and mountains, uses red and orange to paint houses, huts, horses, small roads and clothes in the village to create
emphasis point. For the color tone that artist uses, the harmony of blue and green of the most of the areas can represent the abundance of water or
farms in the village and a rainbow ribbon shows what the leader gives to people in the village as

The Guatemalan Genocide Of The Indigenous Mayans
The Guatemalan Genocide: a mass genocide of the indigenous Mayans which took place from 1960 to 1996, however it was not very popular
internationally. Just for originating from the Mayan ethnicity, the indigenous Mayans were targeted by the Guatemalan army and government to be
exterminated. Their homes were razed, and many were systematically executed in large masses. Children and infants were killed using brutal methods
by the Guatemalan army. The indigenous Mayans were subjected to brutal and harsh treatment from the Guatemalan army and government during the
Guatemalan Genocide; being hunted to be killed in the most brutal ways, and being treated as if they were not human at all. During and after the
Guatemalan Genocide, the indigenous Mayans were subjected to extreme racism and prejudice. Its roots were in the 16th century, when the Spanish
conquistadors first landed in Central America. During this time period, the Spanish brought changes to the area, and to its indigenous populations.
The Mayans became to be considered as inferior and as slaves to the Spanish colonists. Through a development of a casta (caste) system, which
determined racial superiority, the Spanish were dictated as the highest beings, and the Mayans and other indigenous groups were considered at the
very bottom of the scale (Oglesby, 2017). Oglesby (2017) describes other changes to consist of forced conversions to Christianity, and forced labor.
Such feelings against the Mayans only developed as time

Zapatistas Rebellion In Mexico
The Zapatistas, rebelled in Chiapas, Mexico. They are an indigenous armed group army of women that declared war on the mexican government and
demanded to get: food health, independence, liberty etc. They are also considered a terrorist group since they rebel against the government.
The zapatistas are a group of women,. Most of the zapatistas were indigenous as women and men. Their goals were to better the economy they were
living in, they wanted to end illiteracy, find jobs for indigenous people, show more respect to everyone and everyone's culture, build more hospitals in
Chiapas and other poor areas, independence for everyone, equality for women, etc.
Some major accomplishments that some of the zapatistas made from their movement was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Zapatistas were effective as an indigenous group and wanted greater autonomy.(freedom).also worked together as a group to work on projects together
to better their community.the struggle of the zapatistas led them to formation of the "zapatistas army of liberation"the offered their resources to built
up the arm. The sacrifice he made thought was good but some were left without options.even though they were still denied human rights. Also they
don't have the fully support they need to achieve anything

Public Ofrendas Exhibit Speech Analysis
Last Tuesday, November 3rd, I attended to the Public Ofrendas Exhibit's public speech as my Day of the Dead event, and I have learned and enjoyed
many things about it. First, I thought that the way the public speaker explained everything about Mexico and how it is like living there during your
whole life greatly. I thought it was important that she did that because, if I did'nt know about any of that stuff, I would have been confused the whole
speech. Also, she pointed out that her and other people are doing this support group, who are helping the poor women in Chiapas, Mexico. The group
challenges racism, sexism, and poverty, and it supported by independent women. They are all also trying to end child labor, which is a very important
fact

The Ejercito Zapatista De Liberacion Nacional
The Ejercito Zapatista de LiberaciГіn Nacional (EZLN) is a current revolutionary group that resides in Chiapas, Mexico. Chiapas is state with a large
majority of the population that has indigenous blood. With that being said they are very connected to their indigenous roots compared to other
countries. With the start of the Mexican Revolution there were many people living in poverty and without land. Large amounts of wealthy Mexicans
were owners of the grand majority of the land. A main problem that many believed that was resolved with the end of the Mexican War was the
redistribution. Sadly, this phase of the war never reached Chiapas. For decades they were living in poverty and working for others. Consequently, many
indigenous people ultimately revolted with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), because it made the peasants lose more money than
they originally had. With the Ejercito Zapatista de LiberaciГіn Nacional (EZLN) it demonstrated that the indigenous people were proud of their roots
and that they would do anything to keep their dignity even if they were still peasants.
MEXICAN REVOLUTION The start of the Mexican Revolution came about with the dictatorship of Porfiro Diaz. Porfiro Diaz was the president who
came after Benito Juarez, the first indigenous president of Mexico. At Diaz was liked by many of the elite in Mexico due to the fact that they were able
to gain wealth. One often forgets about the other side when wealth is being gained on one

The Struggle of EZNL In Modern Mexico Essay
The Struggle of EZNL In Modern Mexico
Introduction
In so few words, the Zapatistas are a people united in the struggle for the rights and dignity of the indigenous people of Mexico. They are a group
composed of the natives to the land of the state of Chiapas, the southernmost and poorest state in Mexico, which primarily consists of the tribes of the
Mayan peoples. The conditions that these indigenous people live in are a testament to the injustices caused by the spread of colonialism and capitalism
and the blind eye that its institutions and governments have turned to the people who inhabit the land from which its profits are made. The suffering
has given these people a voice, and the collective struggle has given rise to an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A Brief History of Mexico
This timeline is of events in Mexico relevant to the indigenous population and the forming of the EZLN. It is important to consider the history as far
back as the 1500's because this is the date in which the struggle started. To think of the EZLN as having only a modern origin and cause is to ignore
the root of their ideology, as noted by Martin Espada in the documentary 'Storm from the Mountain.'
"The Zapatista uprising didn't spring out of nowhere, not even the Mexican Revolution of 1910. The Zapatista uprising began the day Christopher
Columbus landed in the Americas five centuries ago. The Zapatista uprising will continue and it will find other countries and it will find other names
until we have rid ourselves of the legacy of Columbus, of the legacy of imperialism, conquest, genocide, racism."1
TIMELINE 2
1521 –Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City) falls to Hernan Cortes of Spain
1525 –Francisco Montejo and his Spanish troops complete their conquest of the Mayans
17th Century –Economy of 'New Spain' collapses. Spanish rulers by this time have robbed Mexico of its natural resources and created vast
plantations for the export of goods such as wheat and sugar. The native population which stood at 12 million in 1520 is cut by disease and overwork

to one million by 1720.
1810s –The first major uprisings led by Miguel Hidalgo, Jose Maria Morelos, are defeated. However, these rebellions pose

Effects Of The Conquest Of Mexico
The Conquest of Mexico And Epidemics
The Aztec and Central American (Mesoamerican) indigenous civilizations were onlookers to one of the worst demographic catastrophes in history
seeing citizen deficits of almost ninety percent, down to one million residents almost one century after conquest (Marr and Kiracoffe 2000). These
demographic disasters were in the form of disease outbreaks of New and Old World commencement and a consequence of and crucial contributing
components to the accomplishment of the Spanish annihilation of the region. As Spaniards infiltrated the region, introducing new cultural, political
and socioeconomic practices, the indigenous peoples found themselves subordinated and severely weakened by plagues caused by the growing Spanish
population and the unknown climatic factors of the period and unable to resist to Spanish dominance. The epidemics that ravaged the Mexican
indigenous populations in the sixteenth century ensured the success of the Spanish Conquest forever altering the face of Mexican history, demography,
and culture.
Historically, the epidemics that decimated the indigenous population permanently altered the trajectory of Mexican society. Pre–Conquest Mexican
society was well developed, arguably more so than Spanish society: Mexico was clean: wastes were hauled away by barge and composted for
fertilizer; a thousand men swept and washed the streets each day...Most of Mexico's streets were canals, laid out on a grid still followed by the modern

Essay Local Successes and National Failures of the EZLN...
Local Successes and National Failures of the EZLN Today On January 1, 2004, over one thousand people in the mountain hamlet of Oventic, Chiapas,
celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) rebellion with song and dance. It seems a fitting time to take
stock of the successes and failures of the Zapatista movement in the context of its original goals. The success of the establishment of thirty eight
autonomous indigenous communities in Chiapas is overshadowed by government's refusal to permit similar autonomous regions outside Chiapas.
Moreover, the Zapatistas have failed to have a tangible effect on national economic policies. In the following pages, we will explore those factors
which made the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of December, 2003, the EZLN had established 38 autonomous municipalities which "have constructed a series of schools, clinics and co–ops that
fill the openings created by the rebels' refusal to take money from the mal gobierno (bad government)." In addition, the Zapatistas have created five
organizational centers (caracoles) and established Juntas of Good Government in each of them in order to "resolve conflicts and disequilibrium
between the centers and the outlying autonomies." The caracoles mark the EZLN's first success with regional, as opposed to municipal, autonomy.
These Zapatista achievements can be attributed to the local terrain of Chiapas, the legal restraints of legislation, as well as local and national scrutiny.
The Mexican government faced legal and practical restraints from launching an all–out war on the Zapatistas. After a government counter–attack in
1995, the federal congress passed a "law for dialogue." This foreclosed the option of a unilateral show of force by the Mexican army in areas under
Zapatista control. Moreover, this legislation catalyzed the signing of the San AndrГ©s Accords by the EZLN and the Zedillo government. The
inaccessibility of the jungles of Chiapas and the San AndrГ©s Accords made overt military action politically and tactically unviable. In addition, the
EZLN's national popularity and visibility guaranteed their survival. Though the Mexican government maintained a virtual monopoly of the press,
Marcos

The Zapatista Movement
The constructing of their identities from their own groups and communities arise from the rhetoric they employ, both written and spoken (Johnston and
Shoo 462). Marcos' writing has already been discussed in relation to the construction of the movement's goals. Just by his written discourse alone there
is already identifiable discourses that reflect the changes in movement's tactics. The EZLN's appropriation of the indigenous rights cause intertwines
with this idea. For instance, even though Marcos is not indigenous himself he has written several pieces that have taken indigenous symbols and
language. In that way, he has not only shaped how the movement's ethnic identity is seen, but also the identity of the movement as a whole. This is also
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In many ways, it is a new type of social movement all together. It is a manifestation of the two periods of revolution Latin America. Influenced by the
Cuban Revolution and movements like it in the 1960s, as well as movements in modern times, the EZLN has blended the two to in many ways create
their own unique movement. Perhaps because of all the changes that have occurred around the world in the period between the 1970s–1994, the EZLN
does not neatly fit into any social movement theory paradigm. The movement's own change over time has mean that it does not it fit into a social
movement theory. As a result of existing for so long it saw changes in what its members wanted to accomplish. In the beginning it began as a classical
Marxist movement which was very reflective of the ideals the Cuban Revolution inspired. As time went on this changed it became more in line with
modern movements with its focus on

Unshaded Monoculture Plants In Puebla And Chiapas
Unshaded monoculture systems dominate many coffee farms in Puebla and Chiapas. This system removes canopies and deprives coffee plants of
natural barriers that tall trees provide. A major disadvantage of this method is that coffee plants are more vulnerable to pests and diseases. Therefore,
more chemicals are used in order to minimize plant stresses. Particles from pesticides can travel far and contaminate soil and water or contribute to
global warming. Removal of canopies also reduces biodiversity because of a decrease in habitat space. A major advantage of this system is that it is
high–yield because the coffee plants have full exposure to the sun. So, more individuals are needed to work on the fields. I think that this specific
consequence

The Indigenous People Of California
The indigenous people of California had existed on the lands as hunters–gathers before the arrival of the Spanish who were the first Europeans to reach
this part of the Americas. These settlers who began surveying the area since 1530, helped introduce the mission system around 1697 as part of an effort
to set up permanent bases for new arrivals and as a bulwark against other European powers. This establishment caused the natives to transition from
their original lifestyle into agrarian farmers to help bring in revenue for the Spanish crown which led to them being exploited economically in the
process. To establish order in this new land, the Spaniards used harsh punishments for rooting out defiance within the Indian population. However,
eventually the natives would begin to die off in such large quantities that it echoed what else was happening what was happening in the rest of the
continent. Overall, the effect on the indigenous population was predominantly negative due to contributing towards loss of culture, experiencing callous
treatment at the hands of the Spanish, and forced population decline.
Native Americans lost their culture once the Spanish made them a part of the mission system. Before European arrival, they were predominantly pagan
and had multiple gods or spirits which they worshipped as part of their rituals for successful harvest or hunt. Through the mission system, they
underwent baptism through Catholicism and learned to worship only one supreme being and

Indigenous and Global Feminist Perspectives on the Women...
Indigenous and Global Feminist Perspectives on the Women of Chiapas Women's reproductive health is a debated and complex issue in today's
society. Nowhere is its severity more prevalent than in areas of extreme poverty such as south and Central America. The resolution to these problems is
far from simple. Yet, women are increasinglytaking control of their lives and forming groups to combat many of the prejudices that hold them back.
However highly debated some tactics for resolution may be it is hard to miss the shear urgency with which the issues of women's rights and health call
us. The fight for gender equality cannot overlook the importance of equality in health care and control over one's own body. Women's health is an issue
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, since the people of Chiapas are not "consumers" and therefor not seen as people, they must then become the "consumables." In order to
do this, their rights to their land have been taken away, leaving these people with little means for subsistence and sustainable life. This situation has left
the people of Chiapas in a dire situation, yet even more so, the women of Chiapas suffer. However, these women have rebounded, and began to
confront this infiltration of their lives and cultures by the formation of their own groups. The women of Chiapas, Mexico, are taking action.
The rebel movement designed to combat the forces of the Mexican paramilitary is known as the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN), and
more than one third of the EZLN is female (Capozza 1). The Zapatistas have waged a small, yet ongoing war for over five years that is making slow,
yet progressive steps towards giving the control back to the indigenous people over their land and lives. And, as Korey Capozza points out in his book
titled The Masked Women of Mexico, women play a crucial and active role in this struggle. "The Zapatistas have successfully challenged gender
discrimination both internally and nationwide. On March 12, 1999, 5,000 Zapatistas left their posts in the Lacandon jungle and in the Chiapas
highlands to promote the EZLN's national plebiscite throughout Mexico. Symbolically, the effort was a great triumph. Of the Zapatista rebels that met
with members of Mexican

The Survival Of The Yucatec Maya Culture
The era of Spanish Conquest often serves as an archetype for a clash of cultures and civilizations, sparking a myriad of intellectuals spanning the
humanities to attempt to discern the most salient characteristics and processes that define the period. Historians Inga Clendinnen and George Lovell,
both focus on the effect the landing of the conquistadors had on the indigenous Mayans, with their respective focuses standing in diametric opposition
to one another. In "The Survival of the Yucatec MayaCulture," Clendinnen stresses the importance of how Mayan tradition persisted through the
traumas of conquest and the ruthless conversion campaign imposed by colonial leaders. Furthermore, she argues that despite the slaughters and disease
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The indigenous leader's willingness to show these sacred texts to the Spanish, lends great insight into how the Mayans rationalized Spanish conquest –
the landing was not viewed as an unprecedented, forthcoming cultural calamity – but one that was forecasted within the cyclical framework of Mayan
culture. Furthermore, this idea of the cyclical relationship between prophecy and history, enabled the Mayans to interpret Spanish dominance as
something temporal. A provisional "eclipse" that they only needed to endure, in order to survive and reach the part of their historical cycle where
"they would rule again." This necessity to endure trying times in a cyclical process, was a mindset that enabled Mayan religious resilience to Spanish
conversion (Clendinnen, pg. 384–85). Moreover, Clendinnen explains how culturally subjugated Mayans sought to endure the historical determined
Spanish landing, through rebellion. When the indigenous population was required to both teach and learn Christian doctrine in schools – often times
teachers "persisted in their traditional rituals...pretend[ing] to teach the Christian doctrine." Furthermore, Clendinnen cites the research of historian
Alfredo Barrera Vasquez, a 20th century Mayan scholar, in explaining how Mayans quickly adapted to the confiscation and subsequent burning of their
sacred books by friars, by "transcrib[ing]"

The Iciocultural Effects Of The Mayan Language In Guatemala
The Mayan language is spoken in Guatemala. At this moment there are around five million people that speak the indigenous language in Guatemala.
The Mayan language has been noticed to not be an "actual language (idiomas) but seen to be dialects without consistent and coherent grammatical
structures" (Barrett). The Mayan language has had a drastic change and signs of losses of their language because children in Guatemala have been
prevented in learning their language. Mayan speakers had faced horrible events between 1981–83 causing major damages to their language.
The Mayan people were nomads an example of how the cavemen lived, the indigenous language never flourished on expanding their language as the
years went by. Their society has not been properly civilized, while the education in Guatemala didn't help the children. Technology, government, and
anthropologists played a big role in the Mayan language. It helped their language to survive and for the world to learn about their language and
understand their culture, living environment, customs, and beliefs.
The population of the Mayan people was decreasing at a fast rate the reason why was because of the warfare that was going on in Guatemala. In the
article "Guatemalan Indian children and the sociocultural effects of government–sponsored terrorisms" Margarita discusses the decrease of population,
"in Guatemala, the Mayan population felt the worst of a systematic and brutal counterinsurgency, where over 400 rural villages

Essay on Rage Against the Machine
Rage Against the Machine
Zack de la Rocha, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk, and Timmy Commerford took to a Philadelphia stage in 1993 clad in black electrical tape that covered
their mouths and the initials PMRC written in black marker across their chests. They stood in this fashion for fourteen minutes while feedback from
their guitars rumbled through the amps. This seemingly simple prank was actually protest against the censorship of music and the
Parents Music Resource Center, founded by Tipper Gore (Buchi, incidents par. 3–4).
The music of Rage Against the Machine contains the political and social views of the band members. They are very avid about defendingconstitutional
rights of the individual and large groups ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tim uses his music to reveal a darker side of himself and express his anger. Tim has a major issue with police and misuse of their power (Taneja, Band
Members par. 4).
Brad Wilk, the band's drummer, was born in Portland, Oregon in
1969. He did a fair amount of moving before he settled in Southern
California. Exposure to his father's greed for money directed Brad to have a deep love for the music of Rage. He is known as the "heart" of the band
and has a strong appreciation for the quality of music the band produces (Taneja, Band Members par. 3).
Tom Morello, guitarist for Rage, was born in New York City in
1964. Tom drew a great deal of influence in his political views from his parents. His father served in the Mau Mau guerilla arm, which freed
Kenya from British rule. His mother was the founder of "Parents for Rock and Rap", an anti–censorship group. Tom graduated from Harvard
University in Political Sciences with honors. Rage often draws from
Tom's political knowledge for their songs and messages (Taneja, Band
Members par. 2).
Several songs by Rage Against the Machine depict specific cases of political injustice and infringement on individual rights. Rage's major movements
include the jailing of Mumia Abu–Jamal, modern society's attempt to conform children, the suppression of the Chiapas, the use of mass media to
influence people, and the unfair distribution of power in the United States.

The Rage

The Political Community in Guatemala Essay
The Political Community
The "social apartheid" that exist in Guatemala separates Guatemala into two places and does not allow the country to be united, both democratically
socially. The indigenous population is separated from opportunities. Without the minimal conditions, necessary for citizens to exercise their rights in
practice there is not citizenship and therefore no "true" democracy. New democratic institutions must both address the anxiety existing among Ladinos
and prove to be responsive to a sizeable segment of the national community that has previously been excluded based on language and ethnicity.
Authoritarian regimes which retain considerable power and the democratic transition is never fully consolidated, stable, or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The administration made some progress on such issues as taking state responsibility for past human rights cases, supporting human rights in
international forums, and pressing labor rights reforms, but it failed to show significant advances on combating impunity in past human rights cases,
military reforms, and legislation to increase political participation. The political balance was once again disrupted in 2000 when allegations surfaced
that the FRG had illegally altered legislation. Following an investigation, the Supreme Court stripped those involved––including President of Congress
and FRG chief Rios Montt––of their legislative immunity to face charges in the case. At roughly the same time, the PAN opposition suffered an
internal split and broke into factions; the same occurred in the ANN. Reforms essential to peace implementation still await legislative action.
The Accord on Identity and Rights of Indigenous Peoples (the Indigenous Accord) was signed in 1995 as part of the peace accords. It contains
commitments to constitutional reforms to promote and respect certain indigenous peoples' rights, mainly related to issues of cultural rights and
identity, participatory mechanisms, the role of indigenous authorities and customary law. Even with this accord, conditions for indigenous women in
particular continue to degenerate. Indigenous women continue to be discriminated against and exploited stated by a Report on the Situation of
Indigenous Women by the Defensoria.

Chiapas Earthquake Research Paper
Chiapas (Southern Mexico) Earthquake
The Chiapas Earthquake, otherwise known as the Southern Mexico earthquake, had catastrophic results on Mexico as a whole. The disaster struck off
the coast of Chiapas, Mexico 11:49 on Thursday, September 7, 2017. The magnitude, a whopping 8.2 m, marked thisearthquake as the largest Mexico
has seen since 1976, shocking and surprising Mexico's citizens. The tremors from this disaster was felt all the way in Mexico City, nearly 600 miles
away, and the aftershocks continued all through Friday, leaving victims on edge and terrified.
The Chiapas earthquake had a magnitude of 8.2 according to an article written by Paulina Jillegas with New York times, and an awful effect on the
city of Chiapas, its

A Place Called Chiapas
As a viewer, the documentary's intention to inform is more completely fulfilled by research conducted beyond the scope of the camera lens. Had I
never written this paper, for instance, the reason for all the violence embedded within the subject matter would remain as enigmatic as the documentary
itself. On the other hand, it's possible that by contextualizing the pieces of the story in absence of an interconnected puzzle, the documentary forces
viewer's to think for themselves. If the Nettie Wild's interests were more vested in raising awareness than delivering objective information, this
documentary successfully satisfies its purpose. Her travelogues compel me to expand my perspective and develop my opinions on the matter under the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People around the globe are able to reach out to one another, and yet somehow we've become less charitable. Currently, it is much easier to post a
status on Facebook, for instance, about ending poverty or world hunger than it is to actually do something about it. Behind the faГ§ade of our
online profiles, we've effectively limited our good nature to a wave of positive reviews (or "likes," in the case of Facebook) instead of positive change.
We've enabled ourselves to raise our self–esteem without the actionable change to justify it. I commend Nettie Wild for the profound meaning she
finds in her work. Her tenacity is lost on most people. While filming "A Place Called Chiapas," Wild "began to realize that [her] camera was
framing the gap between reality and rhetoric." She breaks the boundaries of my previous analysis and bridges the disconnect between media talk and
the reality of being in Chiapas during this revolutionary time period. So, while the start of this documentary may seem ineffective to a film critic, her
images speak for themselves. Furthermore, once Nettie Wild scores a rare on–camera interview with Subcomandante Marcos, who neither confirms nor
denies his identity, but has been identified by the Mexican government as Rafael GuillГ©n, the imagery begins to subside and the substance of the
documentary begins to take over. For me, the singular theme of this substance lies at the

Renaissance Conquerors : Spanish And Spanish
IV. Renaissance Conquerors (pp. 12– 15) A. As the Spaniards transitioned from the Middle–Ages to the Renaissance, they began to centralize
themselves politically and religiously as a Christian Empire (pp. 12 – 13). 1. 1479– Spanish Inquisition helped ensure Christian orthodoxy in Spanish
society. 2. 1485– Combination of Aragon and Castille families unified Spain with marriage. 3. 1492– Last Muslim stronghold in Spain, Granada, fell. 4.
Spain began period of religious unification and war, which gave their inhabitants plenty of experience fighting and allowed them to develop skills,
such as handling weaponry and riding horses, that would prove valuable in Mexico. B. Columbus' voyage in 1492 helped open up a new world to
Spain and began a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
LГіpez painted an overwhelmingly positive portrait of CortГ©s. B. The generally acknowledged best chronicle belongs to Bernal DГaz del Castillo, a
common foot solider in CortГ©s' group (pp. 16–20). 1. Bernal DГaz hoped to focus on the contributions of common men like himself rather than those
who normally received the glory, like CortГ©s. 2. DГaz revealed important motivations for writing down his account–"localism, pride in their lineage
and origins, a great sense of self–worth and accomplishment, a hope for recognition (and reward), and a desire to set down a 'true' story of their deeds
and triumphs" (pp. 16). a. Also wanted to justify control of indigenous populations and controversial encomienda system. 3. DГaz wrote The True
History of the Conquest of New Spain in opposition to the works of GГіmara and others. The work was not published until after his death, but remains
a fundamental resource for learning about this time. 4. Schwartz uses DГaz throughout the rest of his book to reflect the Spanish perspective of the
invasion. VI. The Indigenous Historical Traditions (pp. 20–28) A. Mesoamerican indigenous people believed history was cyclical and could, therefore,
be repeated. History was important because it could influence the future and because it contributed to the continuity of their identity (pp. 20–23) 1.
Prior to the Spanish conquest, indigenous groups used drawings and symbols combined with oral histories. a. The artist–scribe, aka

The Successes and Failures of the Zapatista Movement Essay
The Successes and Failures of the Zapatista Movement
On January 1, 2004, over one thousand people in the mountain hamlet of Oventic, Chiapas, celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Zapatista Army of
National Liberation (EZLN) rebellion with song and dance. Thus, it seems a fitting time to take stock of the successes and failures of the Zapatista
movement in the context of its original goals. While the EZLN has been able to establish thirty eight autonomous indigenous communities in Chiapas,
it has failed to weaken the Mexican government's commitment to neo–liberal economic policies. In the following pages, we will explore those factors
which enabled the Zapatistas to establish regions of autonomy and extrapolate from Theotonio Dos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
refusal to take money from the mal gobierno (bad government).? In addition, the Zapatistas have created five organizational centers (caracoles) and
established Juntas of Good Government in each of them in order to ?resolve conflicts and disequilibrium between the centers and the outlying
autonomies.? The caracoles mark the EZLN?s first success with regional, as opposed to municipal, autonomy. These Zapatista achievements can be
attributed to the local terrain of Chiapas, restrictive legislation, and local and national scrutiny.
The Mexican government has faced legal and practical restraints on launching an all–out war on the Zapatistas. The first government counter–attacks
encountered tactical difficulties in the jungles of Chiapas and the army failed to score a quick military victory. In 1995, the federal congress passed a
?law for dialogue,? which foreclosed the option of a unilateral show of force by the Mexican army in areas under Zapatista control. This legislation
catalyzed the signing of the San AndrГ©s Accords by the EZLN and the Zedillo government. The San AndrГ©s Accords, as well as the inaccessibility
of the jungles of Chiapas, made overt military action politically and tactically unviable. The EZLN?s national popularity and visibility also guaranteed
its survival. Though the Mexican government maintained a

Karen Kampwirth's Women And Guerrilla Movements
When you hear the term guerrilla warfare you often think about the men that fought in the jungles, but a lot women participated in the guerrilla
movements in Latin America . In Karen Kampwirth's novel Women and Guerrilla Movements: Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas, Cuba, discuss why
women joined the revolutionary movements in Latin America. In the introduction she explains that the "new man" that revolutions created where not
all men, but mostly women (Kampwith, 1). In Kampwirth's book she discuss what cause women to join guerilla movements. Kampwirth researched
four different cases of guerrilla movements in Latin American. Those cases where Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chiapas, and Cuba. She conducted
interviews with 205 women that participated from those four countries. 76 from Nicaragua, 69 from El Salvador, 57 from Chiapas, and 3 from Cuba
(Kampwirth 16). From those interviews she found that there are four factors that cause women to join guerilla... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
I thought that it was better to become more involved. And that is how I began to work in the popular militias." (Kampwirth, 12) Katrina and many
other women chose to join the guerrilla movements because they were pushed by the government's repression. Many women were in groups and
organizations that were not radical, but due to the government repressing women in general it cause them to pushed towards the guerrilla (Kampwirth,
9). The women of these Latin American countries were sick of terrible inequals that they had to deal, which caused them to join the guerrilla
movements. Due to women drifting towards the Guerrilla movements, the movements changed their strategies. The guerrilla movements changed from
a foco strategies (small groups) to a mass mobilization which need a large am The movement in El Salvador, 40% of Frente Farabundo MartГ para la
LiberaciГіn Nacional (FMLN) membership were women, 30% of women

Mesoamerica Essay
Anthony Flores
MAS 10A
12:00pm
Professor Covarrubias, Professor Gamboa
10/15/14
SECTION ONE: Indigenous Mesoamerica
b. To what extent has the history of Mesoamerica been taught from a Eurocentric perspective? What theories, ideas, and/or terminology are problematic
when trying to assert an Indigenous perspective? (For example: Bering Strait, Malintzin, Cuauhtemoc, Human Sacrifice...there are many more
examples!)
In the United States the history of Mesoamerica has always been included in textbooks and lectures around the nation. The parts of the history that are
included, however, are what is often put into question. While writing any piece or publishing any book there will always be a set bias. There is only
so much ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As David Carrasco includes in his text in "Religions of Mesoamerica", "All the days of my life I have seen nothing that rejoiced my heart so much as
these things, for I saw amongst them wonderful works of art, and I marveled at the subtle genius of men in foreign lands. Indeed I cannot express all
that I thought there" (Carrasco 75). While this is just one documented account there are countless others expressing the same views. While the popular
narrative does mention the wonders of indigenous architecture they fail to focus on the other parts of the statements in these accounts. The Spanish did
not only marvel at the artwork and architecture, but also the culture, the lifestyle, just the subtleties of the way they carried on in everyday life.
Whether it was the Calpulli system or just the organized manner they went about their day. This fact is often conveniently dismissed by ColГіn
apologists trying to justify the Spanish conquest by claiming the indigenous people were uncivilized. As mentioned, those quick to defend the
Eurocentric narrative as well as Columbus often attempt to validate Columbus' thinking. As stated by AcuГ±a, apologists of Columbus assert that he
did not invent slavery, and that Spain held heated deliberations on whether or not it was moral to enslave these Indians. Spain finally settled on

passing the Law of Burgos in 1512. On paper the law was supposed to protect the indigenous people from unbearable labor conditions while

Native American Colonialism In Rez Life
For over 200 years every treaty, negotiation, and promise to the Native Americans by the American government has been violated. Native Americans
have faced oppression, starvation, cultural backlashing, and were pushed to the very edge of extinction at the hands of colonial settlers. The indigenous
culture was viewed as recessive and primitive. Americans considered themselves as the superior race and forcefully assimilated the indigenous people.
American society almost succeeded in eradicating indigenous culture through assimilation and genocide, but indigenous people are an extremely
proud and resilient people. Despite settler's society's effort to decimate the indigenous nations they have survived and are fighting to preserve their
culture. European ideology and influence runs ramped and infringes on almost every aspect of daily life. Regardless of the infringement of settler
society, indigenous people have battled to create and preserve an autonomous culture. Society has very powerful and arrogant forces. We now live in
an era of post–modern colonial manipulation; where power created by settler colonialism is being used to erase Indigenous identities and presences.
In Rez Life by David Treuer creates a picture he gives of Indian reservation life today, a battle of existence for Indian life." You can tell a lot about
America, about its sins and it's ideals, by looking at an behind the signs that advertise our existence, the existence of a kind of American who was
supposed

Zapatista 'Black Struggle In The Film Place Called Chiapas'
The Zapatista struggle and Black struggle are similar. In the documentary, A place Called Chiapas, Zapatista claim their cause to be for justice while
blacks have the same objectives. Constantly, being oppressed by the government, both Blacks and Zapatista have fought for civil rights throughout
time. However, in despite of efforts, the government continues to overlook these group of people. I figured Zapatistas are just more of regional
difference from Blacks. My initial thoughts of the Zapatista movement were that it was a good cause and organized, but the war tactics were not
favorable to me. I was not for the violent approaches that they took to get the Industrial Revolution Party ruled government. I think that violence is
doesn't help

Indigenous Rights in Mexico and Central America Essay
Indigenous Rights in Mexico and Central America
Introduction
The injustice surrounding the Indigenous populations in Mexico and Central America began with the Spanish colonies in the sixteenth century, and the
struggle for their land and constitution rights has been an ongoing battle for hundreds of years. The indigenous people take up a large part of the
population in Mexico and Central America. (See Table 1; Graph 1 below).Indigenous people make up of over 16 percent of the Mexican population, and
over 66 percent of the population is indigenous in Guatemala. The historical reality of the indigenous peoples in Central America has been one poverty,
eviction from their land, political violence and mistreatment at the hands of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Compiled by World Health Organization (WHO), 1999. http://www.ku.edu/~insp/referencesite.html
Accordingly, there have been many controversies surrounding the indigenous land and their natural resources in Mexico and Central America
throughout history. Struggles to save their land, culture, and receive constitutional rights have been a constant battle for indigenous populations. For
example, the United Fruit Company (1899 – 1970) became prominent in trading tropical fruit from Central American plantations to the United States
and Europe. The company comprises a model example of multinational influence extending deeply into the internal politics and acquisition of natural
resources of native lands. The UFC came to gain 42% of Guatemala's land, and set up their capital in the town of Bananera, where it made its
headquarters, and corrupted every level of government and politics in Guatemala. UFCO had the unconditional support of right–wing dictators who
maintained their power by terrorizing the people and arresting prominent citizens who were either killed on the spot or tortured in prison to extract
confessions. A brutal civil war spanned from 1961–1996, and during one wave of repression, hundreds of thousands were killed and entire Indian
villages were massacred. Of the killed people, nearly 83% were the Mayans, the indigenous group of

Tenets Of Democracy In Zapatista
Democratic Theory In 1993 The Revolutionary Woman's Law was adopted into the Zapatistas movement, this law challenged the norms and traditions
of a patriarchy society (Basu 2010, 323). The women collectively wrote the law based on their shared experiences. The women's request were that they
had the right to choose who to marry, when to marry, whether they would have children, and how many, and how they would participate in society.
This new law legitimized women as equals with men. Rosalva Castillo states that, "The emergence of an indigenous women's movement with gender
demands is also the result of the Zapatista movement" (Basu 2010, 322). This was the beginning of a new democratic emergence political identity for
women. What is democracy? Political scientists argue that there are three major tenets of a democratic government: popular sovereignty, equality, and
liberty. Popular Sovereignty uses direct democracy; power of the people; self–determination; autonomy. Equality: values the contributions of women
just as those of men; Equal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was about ten or eleven years of age, she said she is from one of the local shanty towns outside of San Cristobal de las Casas; she is not
affiliated with any Zapatista communities. She walks approximately eight miles a day to work in the city. As she was standing next to the table I
was sitting at, she started flipping through one of my books, while acting like she had great interest in what it had to say. I asked her if she knows
how to read; she looked up at me and said, "No, but I would like to learn." I asked her if she was in school and she said, "No, I don't have time, I
start working at 7am and finish after 8pm, everyday." This is a typical situation for the indigenous children of Chiapas, the children that are typically
the poorest are the ones that do not get an

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