Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey(GUESSS) Implication for Policy Environment and Entrepreneurial Development from Asian perspective has been shared at 8th UNESCO-APEID Meeting on Entrepreneurship Education

1. Global University Entrepreneurial
Spirit Students’ Survey (GUESSS)
Implication for Policy Environment and
Entrepreneurial Development (Asian Perspective)
Dr. Altaf Hussain Samo
Country Team Lead - GUESSS Pakistan
Director - Executive Development Center – EDC
Sukkur IBA University
altaf@iba-suk.edu.pk

2. • (GUESSS) is an international research study project that was initiated in 2003 by Swiss
Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, at the University of St. Gallen
(KMU-HSG).
• The 8th edition of GUESSS conducted in 2018/19 became more eminent with the participation of 54
countries and a total of 208,636 responses
Introduction

3. GUESSS aims at achieving the following basic goals:
 Systematic and longterm observation of entrepreneurial intentions and activities of
Students.
 Identification of antecedents and boundary conditions in the context of new venture.
 Creation and entrepreneurial careers in general.
 Observation and evaluation of universities' activities and offerings related to the
entrepreneurial education of students.

4. GUESSS’s objectives for stakeholders:
 Participating countries generate insights on their respective basic conditions for entrepreneurship in general.
 Learn more about the entrepreneurial power of the students.
 Participating universities are enabled to assess the quantity and quality of their offerings in the context of
entrepreneurship.
 Politics and public are sensitized for entrepreneurship in general and new venture creation in particular, and
hopefully identify need for action.
 Students can benefit from the implementation of respective actions in the long term.
 Overall, GUESSS is maybe the largest entrepreneurship research project in the world.

6. Research Methodology
• From each participating country, one university was selected to represent country lead for the survey.
• Data was collected using online questionnaire across all the universities and all the participating universities
used the same questionnaire.
• The questionnaire originally developed in English, and the leading university in each country was made
responsible for translating the questionnaire into local language if needed.
• Sukkur IBA university lead the GUESSS research study project for the 2nd time

7. Global Findings

8. Regarding Influencing Factors

9. Other Important Findings

10. Asian Perspective
Table 1: Countries and Responses.
Countries No. of Universities Completed Responses Valid Percent
China 2010 18685 8.96
Indonesia 7 1279 0.61
Japan 49 4150 1.99
Jordan 29 4564 2.19
Kazakhstan 20 3425 1.64
Lebanon 1 40 0.02
Pakistan 17 2389 1.15
Republic of Korea 19 832 0.4
Saudi Arabia 16 1641 0.79
Turkey 25 693 0.33
United Arab Emirates 5 931 0.45
Total 3191 208636 100
Total (Asian Countries) 409 38420 18.43

11. Figure 1: Share of Intentional founders across countries.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Indonesia Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Lebanon Pakistan Republic of
Korea
Saudi Arabia Turkey United Arab
Emirates
Average Asian
Countries
Average
10.1
26.2
1.6
6.9
11.6
5
15.6
7.6
5.7
7.8
5
9
10.11
17.3
64.3
12
25.4
35.9
45
37.3
15.4
36.4
31.7
41
34.7 34.38
PERCENTAGE
Intentional Founders (Direct) Intentional Founders (5 years)

12. Figure 2: Share of nascent and active entrepreneurs across countries.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
China Indonesia Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Lebanon Pakistan Republic of
Korea
Saudi Arabia Turkey United Arab
Emirates
Average Asian
Countries
Average
36.9
32.3
2
10.5 10.9
5
14.7
5.6
9.8
6.6
4.5
11.2
12.75
69.5 69.6
13.8
44
49.5
20
59.4
24.5
44.5
46.8
24.8
30.7
43.16
PERCENTAGE
Active Nascent

13. Figure 3: Proportion of Nascent Vs. Active entrepreneurs in each country
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
China
Indonesia
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Lebanon
Pakistan
Republic of Korea
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Average
Asian Countries Average
1.9
2.2
4.2
4.5
4
4
4.3
4.5
7
5.5
2.7
4.47
Active/Nascent Ratio

14. Figure 4: Non-attendance of entrepreneurship education across countries.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
China
Indonesia
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Lebanon
Pakistan
Republic of Korea
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Average
Asian Countries Average
24
11.3
42.4
46.7
75
46.2
57.6
48.3
41.6
60.8
51.9
44.12
Percentage

15. Figure 5: Average university entrepreneurial climate across countries.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
China Indonesia Jordan Kazakhstan Lebanon Pakistan Republic of
Korea
Saudi Arabia Turkey United Arab
Emirates
Average Asian
Countries
Average
5.5 5.5
4
4.6
4.8
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.5
4.4 4.43
AVERAGECLIMATE

16. Figure 6: University learning across countries.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
China Indonesia Jordan Kazakhstan Lebanon Pakistan Republic of
Korea
Saudi Arabia Turkey United Arab
Emirates
Average Asian
Countries
Average
5.5
5.6
4.2
4.6
4.9
5
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.57
Avg.UniversityLearning

17. Figure 7: Intentional Founders (B&M Students) 5 years after studies across countries.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
China
Indonesia
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Lebanon
Pakistan
Republic of Korea
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Average
Asian Countries Average
15.5
65.2
36.6
53.1
46.9
45
26.2
46.7
38.1
43.9
43.6
41.04
PERCENTAGE

18. Asian Perspective
• On average, the intentional founders who directly opted entrepreneurship as a career choice in Asian perspective is 10.11 percent.
• While 34.38 percent planned to be entrepreneurs 5 years after completion of their studies.
• The share of intentional entrepreneurs remains considerably same across countries, except for Indonesia particular exhibiting the
highest numbers.
• The Asian universities play moderate role in entrepreneurship education and promoting the entrepreneurial climate.
• For example, almost half of the Pakistani students claimed being introduced to entrepreneurial courses/studies atleast once in their
full-time degree program.
• As seen from data collected, the non-attendance of formal entrepreneurship education leads to lower no. of startups and
entrepreneurial spirit among students, and the opposite of it is likely true as well. i.e: Indonesia being ranked lowest at Non-
attendance of Entrepreneurial education scale.
• The proportion ratio of nascent vs active entrepreneurs in Turkey is highest among other Asian countries.
• Alike Global studies, Working in a startup as an employee boosts entrepreneurial intentions and activities among Asian countries
too.

19. Policy Implication and Recommendation
• Be aware that “first employee then entrepreneur” makes general sense but that the opportunity
costs are rising the longer they wait with starting their own business
• There is increasing trend among the students who consider entrepreneurship as a possible choice career
during /after attending University result increasing entrepreneurial intentions.
• However, still there is low conversion rate of the intentions into the actual behavior. This highlights the
need to create an environment which can help students for nurturing their ideas into startups to capitalize on
this trend.
• There is a need to start more entrepreneurship courses and programs across different departments in
universities which provide practical guide to students for turning their ideas into business venture.

20. • Establishing relationship and alliances with the local organization and corporate sector for strengthening
the business incubator and services rendered to businesses for further improving favorable entrepreneurial
climate.
• Universities should adopt a competent, innovative and sustainable management for the business incubator
which develops the business incubation process according to the local market needs and provides the
technical advisory and infrastructure support to students for turning their ideas into business venture.
There is need to transform the universities into a symbol of entrepreneurship
and innovation at the regional and national level in particular business,
technology or sector.
• Universities and public institutions work together for developing and promoting an
entrepreneurial eco-system in the regional areas of their operation in particular and national in
general.

21. Thank You