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6. ÌQ DIDU GH DFHDVWD SVLKRORJLD H[SHULPHQWDO FRQVWLWXLH LQWHUID D GLQWUH WHRULH úL SUDFWLF FRQWULEXLQG DVWIHOODREXQSUHJWLUHSURIHVLRQDODVWXGHQ LORUvQSHUVSHFWLYDDFWLYLW LLORUYLLWRDUHGH psihologi. 0DWHULDOXO GH ID UHSUH]LQW vQWU-R IRUP UHGXV FXUVXO GH ED] 3VLKRORJLD H[SHULPHQWDO

7. vQ SULPD VD SDUWH QHFHVDU SURPRYULL H[DPHQXOXLGLQVHPHVWUXO3DUWHDD GRXDYDILUHPLVvQDQXO,,ILLQGQHFHVDUSHQWUXH[DPHQXOGLQVHPHVWUXOGLQDFHVWDQ'H PHQ LRQDW F HVWH QHFHVDU FRQVXOWDUHD FXUVXOXL GH ED] SHQWUX R LQIRUPD LH PDL FRPSOHW asupra problemelor din materialele reduse. Bibliografie 1. Golu M., Fundamentele psihologiei (GLWXUD )XQGD LHL Ä5RPkQLD GH 0kLQH´ %XFXUHúWL 2. Lungu N., 3VLKRORJLH H[SHULPHQWDO (GLWXUD )XQGD LHL Ä5RPkQLD GH 0kLQH´ %XFXUHúWL 5DGX , 'UX X , 0DUH V., Miclea, M., Podar, I., Preda, V., Introducere în SVLKRORJLDFRQWHPSRUDQ, Editura Sincron, Cluj-Napoca, 1991 5RúFD $O 0HWRGRORJLH úL WHKQLFL H[SHULPHQWDOH vQ SVLKRORJLH (GLWXUD ùWLLQ LILF %XFXUHúWL 5. Zlate, M., Introducere în psihologie(GLWXUD3ROLURP%XFXUHúWL 1. 0HWRGDH[SHULPHQWDOvQSVLKRORJLH 1.1. Definirea experimentului ([SHULPHQWXODUHPHULWXOFQXDúWHDSWFDIHQRPHQXOVVHSURGXFÄGHODVLQH´FDvQ FD]XOREVHUYD LHLFLvOSURYRDFvQFRQGL LLOHGHWHUPLQDWHFRQVemnând cu rigurozitate datele RE LQXWH 7RFPDL DFHVW FDUDFWHU GH ULJRDUH SH FDUH H[SHULPHQWXO vO LPSULP GH]YOXLULL úL FRQVHPQULLIDSWHORUO-DLPSXVFHUFHWULORU3)UDLVVHFRQVLGHUSVLKRORJLDH[SHULPHQWDOFD ÄVXPD GH FXQRúWLQ DFKL]L LRQDWH vQ SVLKRlogie prin utilizarea metodei experimentale”. $FHDVW GHILQL LH SXQH DFFHQWXO SH SURGXVXO ILQDO DO FHUFHWULL H[SHULPHQWDOH (D SRDWH IL vQWUHJLW SULQ DGXJDUHD SULQFLSLLORU úL SDUWLFXODULW LORU VSHFLILFH FDUH IXQGDPHQWHD] utilizarea metodei experimentale în psihologie. 3ULQ XUPDUH SVLKRORJLD H[SHULPHQWDO UHSUH]LQW DQVDPEOXO SULQFLSLLORU QRUPHORU úL UHJXOLORU FDUH VWDX OD ED]D RUJDQL]ULL úL GHVIúXUULL H[SHULPHQWXOXL vQ SVLKRORJLH FX VFRSXO RE LQHULL GH GDWH YHULILFDWH DVXSUD UHDOLW LLSVLKLFH.

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11. FDUH DX HYLGHQ LDW GDWH H[SHULPHQWDOH uneori cu totul întâmpl•tor. Astfel, fizicianul Joseph Sauveur de la Flèche (1653-1716) a GHWHUPLQDWIUHFYHQ DVXQHWHORUGLQUHJLVWUXODXGLELOIL]LFLDQXO3KLOLSSHGHOD+LUH-1718) IDFHREVHUYD LLDVXSUDLPDJLQLORUFRQVHFXWLYHLDUFKLPLVWXO-'DUFHW

12. PVRDUGXUDWD acestora; astronomul W. Herschell (1738-

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14. GHWHUPLQ vQWLQGHUHD FkPSXOXL YL]XDO IL]LFLDQXO-optician francez Pierre Bouguer (1698-

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34. 2.3. Tipurile de experiment a) Experimentul de confirmare HVWH vQ IDSW H[SHULPHQWXO ÄFODVLF´ FDUH SURYRDF fenomenul în conGL LLFRQWURODWHSHQWUXDYHULILFDVXSR]L LDLSRWH]HL b) Experimentul de laboratorLQGLFORFXOXQGHVHGHVIúRDUFHUFHWDUHD$UHVHUYLWXWHD FDUWLILFLDOL]HD]IDSWHOHGDUHVWHPDLULJXURVSHQWUXFEHQHILFLD]GHDSDUDWXUDGLQGRWDUH c) Experimentul naturalVHUHDOL]HD]vQORFXOXQGHVXELHF LLvúLGHVIúRDUDFWLYLWDWHD d) Experimentul psihopedagogicYL]HD]FRPSRQHQWHOHSURFHVXOXLLQVWUXFWLY-educativ. e) Experimentul invocat (ex post facto

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111. $FHVWDDUHIRUPDXQXLúXEler cu 2 YkUIXULDVFX LWHODSDUWHDGHvQFKLGHUHFLWLUHDILLQGLGHQWLFFXDXQXLúXEOHURELúQXLWJUDGGH precizie 1/10 m /m

112. 3URFHGXU VH DWLQJH SLHOHD VXELHFWXOXL GLQ GLIHULWH ]RQH VSUH H[HPSOX IUXQWHDQWHEUD YkUIXOGHJHWHORU

113. FXFHOHDFHDOHHVWH]LRPHWUXOXLúLLVHFHUHVDSUHFLH]H PRPHQWXOFkQGVLPWHDWLQJHUL6HFLWHúWHGHVFKLGHUHDvQPLOLPHWULúL]HFLPLGHPLOLPHWULOD FDUHVXELHFWXODIFXWDSUHFLHUHD6HFDOFXOHD]SHXQQXPUPDUHGHvQFHUFULDSUR[-40), PHGLD DFHVWRU PVXUWRUL SDUWLFXODUH 6H IDFH SUHFL]DUHD F VXELHFWXO WUHEXLH V LQ RFKLL vQFKLúLvQWLPSXOHIHFWXULLSUREHL 3RWULYLW DFHVWHL PHWRGH PVXUWRULOH VH IDF SH GRX FRRUGRQDWH DVFHQGHQW úL GHVFHQGHQWÌQVHULDDVFHQGHQWVHSRUQHúWHGHODYDORDUHDFHDPDLPLFDGHVFKLGHULLEUD HORU HVWH]LRPHWUXOXLLGHQWLILFDWHGHVXELHFWFDRVLQJXUDWLQJHUH

114. 'HVFKLGHUHDFHORUGRXEUD H FXUVRUXO úL QHUQLHUXO

115. VH FUHúWH WUHSWDW SkQ FkQG VXELHFWXO DSUHFLD] F D VHVL]DW GRX atingeri. $FHDVWYDORDUHQRWDWFXvQILJXU

116. VHUH LQHFDSUDJDEVROXWDVFHQGHQWSHXQQXPU PDLPDUHGHGHWHUPLQULFXPV-DPHQ LRQDW

117. ÌQVHULDGHVFHQGHQWVHSRUQHúWHGHODRYDORDUH PDUH D GHVFKLGHULL HVWH]LRPHWUXOXL VXELHFWXO VHVL]HD] IU GXELL GRX DWLQJHUL

118. $FHDVW GHVFKLGHUH HVWH PLFúRUDW WUHSWDW SkQ FH VXELHFWXO GHFODU F LGHQWLILF R VLQJXU DWLQJHUH QRWDWFX–vQILJXU

119. 6HUH LQHúLDFHDVWYDORDUHFDSUDJDEVROXWGHVFHQGHQW3HQWUXDDIOD SUDJXODEVROXWUHDOQHYRPIRORVLGHUHOD LDVLPSO Pa + Pd Pr = XQGH3UHVWHSUDJXODEVROXWUHDO3DSUDJXODEVROXWDVFHQGHQWúL 2 Pd, pragul absolut descendent. La rândul lor, pragurile particulare vor fi tot valori medii, UH]XOWDWHGLQVXPDPVXUWRULORULQGLYLGXDOHDVFHQGHQWHúLGHVFHQGHQWHvPS LWODQXPUXO GHWHUPLQULORUHIHFWXDWH1

120. DVWIHO x1a + x2a + x3a ....+ x1d + x2d + x3d ....+ P.a. = ; P.d = N N F

121. 6HQVLELOLWDWHDEDUHVWH]LFGHSUHVLXQH

122. VHGHWHUPLQFXDMXWRUXOEDUHVWH]LRPHWUXOXL Cel mai cunoscut, baresteziometrul Eulemburg, este format dintr-R WLMH PHWDOLF FDUH OD DSVDUHSHRVXSUDID WHJXPHQWDUDVXELHFWXOXLDF LRQHD]DUWWRUXOSHXQFDGUDQPDUFDWúL etalonat în grame (0 –JU

123. 6XELHFWXOWUHEXLHVDSUHFLH]HLQWHQVLWDWHDDSVULLFXSkUJKLD EDUHVWLRPHWUXOvQGLIHULWH]RQHVHFDOFXOHD]PHGLD

124. G

125. 6HQVLELOLWDWHD SDOHVWH]LF YLEUDWRULH

126. VH GHWHUPLQ SULQ DúH]DUHD SH SLHOH D PkQHUXOXL XQXL GLDSD]RQ vQ YLEUD LH 3HXQQXPUGHGLDSD]RDQHDSURSLDWHFXIUHFYHQ VH SRDWH VWDELOL FDSDFLWDWHD VXELHFWXOXL GH D VHVL]D FHOH PDL PLFL GLIHUHQ H vQWUH DFHVWHD SUDJ GLIHUHQ LDOSDOHVWH]LF

127. e) SenVLELOLWDWHD WHUPLF SHQWUX FDOG úL UHFH

128. VH GHWHUPLQ FX GLYHUVH WLSXUL GH termoesteziometre. Acestea pot fi simple (ca de exemplu termoesteziometrul Righini), sau complexe (ex. termocuplele). Termoesteziometrul clasic Righini este format dintr-XQ QXPU Ge mici containere, L]RODWH WHUPLF vQ FDUH VH LQWURGXFH DS GH GLIHULWH WHPSHUDWXUL XUPkQG FD VXELHFWXO V OH RUGRQH]HFUHVFWRUVDXGHVFUHVFWRU

129. GXSJUDGXOGHvQFO]LUH7HUPRHVWH]LRPHWUHOHHOHFWULFH WHUPRFXSOHOH

130. VH ED]HD] SH IHQRPHQXO IL]LF DO WHUPRHOHPHQWHORU OD SXQFWXO GH VXGXU D

131. 10 GRXHOHPHQWHGLIHULWHFDGHH[FXSUXúLFRQVWDQWDQLDQDúWHUHXQFXUHQWHOHFWULFGDFVH DSOLFRGLIHUHQ GHWHPSHUDWXU

132. I

133. $FXLWDWHDWDFWLOVHSRDWHGHWHUPLQDSULQPDLPXOWHSURFHGHHvQWUHFDUHPHQ LRQP 1. cu ajutorul tactometrului; FXDMXWRUXOSOFLORUWDFWLOH 1. Tactometrul (sau tactilometrul Schultze) este un dispozitiv de angrenaje mecanice FDUHODDF LRQDUHDXQXLEXWRQGHQLYHOHD]GRXVXSUDIH HPHWDOLFHOXFLRDVHIFkQGDVWIHOV DSDUXQúDQ vQWUHHOH0DQLSXOkQGDFHVWEXWRQVXELHFWXOWUHEXLHVFUHDVFVDXVHJDOL]H]H GXSFD]SULQSLSLUHFXGHJHWXOúDQ XODSUXW$EDWHUHDVHFLWHúWHODRIDQWGHREVHUYDUH 3OFX HOHWDFWLOH0RHGHvQQXPUGH

134. DXJURVLPLGLIHULWH3ULQSLSLUH subiectul WUHEXLH V RUGRQH]H FUHVFWRU VDX GHVFUHVFWRU

135. GXS JURVLPH SOFX HOH GDWH GH experimentator. Aprecierea se face pe baza sumei brute a abaterilor, astfel: RUGLQHDUHDODSOFX HORU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RUGLQHDDSUHFLDWGHVXELHFW 1 2 4 5 3 6 8 7 9 10 'LIHUHQ D 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 Suma 1+1+2+1+1 = 6 3HRVFDUGHUDQJVHSRWRUGRQDVXELHF LLGXSDFXLWDWHDORUWDFWLO Lucrare de laboratorVHYRUH[HUVDDPEHOHWKQLFLGHGHWHUPLQDUHDDFXLW LLWDFWLOH 5.2. SHQVLELOLWDWHDYL]XDO $ 3UDJXO GLIHUHQ LDO YL]XDO D FUXL YDORDUH D IRVW VWDELOLW SRWULYLW OHJLL %RXJXHU- Weber-)HFKQHU OD VH SRDWH GHWHUPLQD SULQWUH DOWHOH FX DMXWRUXO IRWRPHWUXOXL úL plastiscopului. 1. Fotometrul este dotat cu un vizor care pHUPLWHREVHUYDUHDXQXLGLVFODOXPLQDOE VDXFRORUDWFXDMXWRUXOXQRUILOWUHVSHFLDOH'LVFXOSRDWHILOXPLQDWSHQWUXFkWHRMXPWDWH DVWIHOvQFkWvQWLPSFHXQDGLQHPLVIHUHSRDWHILvQWXQHFDWFHDODOWSRDWHILLOXPLQDWFDvQ figura de mai jos. Discul fotometrului E1 = emisfera 1 E1 E2 E2 = emisfera 2 3URFHGXUDH[SHULPHQWDOSRDWHILIRORVLWvQGRXYDULDQWH: D

136. 6XELHFWXO DUH VDUFLQD V DGXF GLVFXO OD DFHODúL QLYHO GH LOXPLQDUH PDQHYUkQG tamburul cu care este echipat fotometrul; E

137. 6XELHFWXOSULYHúWHGLVFXOWLPSGH– 3 minute (aprox.) la o intensitate de iluminare FXQRVFXW 'XS DFHDVW SHULRDG VH FUHúWH VDX VFDGH GXS FD]

138. QLYHOXO GH LOXPLQDUH D GLVFXOXLFXIUDF LXQLPLFLSkQFkQGVXELHFWXOVHVL]HD]RQRXFDOLWDWHDVHQ]D LHLOXPLQRDVH PDLLQWHQVVDXPDLVODEGXSVHQVXOvQFDUHDIRVWPRGLILFDWLOXPLQDUHD

139. 3ODWLVFRSXO HVWH DOFWXLW GLQWr-XQ GUHSWXQJKL PHWDOLF SUHY]XW FX GRX IDQWH GHVFKL]WXUL

140. DFURUPULPHSRDWHILUHJODWFXXQEXWRQGHDF LRQDUH 9DORDUHDGHVFKLGHULLIDQWHORUHVWHLQGLFDWGHXQLQVWUXPHQWGHPVXUWLSúXEOHUFX 1/10 mm). 3URFHGXUDVHIL[HD]XQDGLQIDQWHODRGHVFKLGHUHFXQRVFXWGHH[SHULPHQWDWRUúLLVH cere subiectului ca, manipulând butonul de reglaj, s-R DGXF úL SH FHDODOW OD DFHHDúL GLPHQVLXQH6HFLWHVFDEDWHULOHGHHJDOL]DUHSHLQVWUXPHQWXOGHPVXU

141. 11 %'HWHUPLQDUHDDFXLW LLYL]XDOH Prin acuitatHD YL]XDO VH vQ HOHJH FDSDFLWDWHD RFKLXOXL GH D GLVWLQJH GLVWDQ HOH PLFL GLQWUHRELHFWHVDXGLVWDQ DPLQLPODFDUHVXELHFWXOGLVWLQJHGRXÄSHWH´GHOXPLQvQORFGH XQD VLQJXU VDX GRX SXQFWH QHJUH VDX GRX OLQLL RUL]RQWDOH

142. DWXQFL FkQG GLVWDQ D GLntre DFHVWHDHVWHIRDUWHPLF$FXLWDWHDYL]XDOHVWHGDWGHFLGHSUHFL]LDFXFDUHVXQWSHUFHSXWH GHWDOLLOH úL FRQWXUXULOH úL vQ FRQVHFLQ VW ODED]DSHUFHS LHLYL]XDOHDRELHFWHORU$úDGDU DFXLWDWHD YL]XDO UHSUH]LQW SXWHUHD UH]ROXWLY D RFKLXOXL FDSDFLWDWHDVDGHDGLIHUHQ LDGRL H[FLWDQ LSULQVWDELOLUHDDFHOXLPLQLPXPVHSDUDELOHGLQWUHHLGLVWDQ DPLQLPGHVHSDUD LHD doi stimuli). Liniile sau contururile stimulilor vizuali situate mai aproape unele de altele decât minimul separabil se contRSHVF vQFkW GDF VXQW IRDUWH DSURSLDWH SDU RPRJHQH7HVWHOHGH GHWHUPLQDUHDDFXLW LLYL]XDOHYL]HD]WRFPDLYHGHUHDGHGHWDOLXúLVHH[SULPGHUHJXOvQ PLQLPXP YL]LELOH GLVWDQ D FHD PDL PLF OD FDUH SRW IL LGHQWLILFDWH GRX SXQFWH OXPLQRDVH distincte sau posibilitatea de distingere a firului cel mai fin de pe un fond omogen). Testul IRORVLWvQSUDFWLFDRIWDOPRORJLFvOUHSUH]LQWVFDUDYL]XDOVDXÄRSWRWLSLL´SURSXVGH6QHOOHQ vQ GH XQGH úL GHQXPLUHD GH WDEHOXO OXL 6QHOOHQ

143. 6XQW OLWHUH FDUH VFDG vQ PULPH FX ILHFDUHUkQGXUPkQGFDVXELHFWXOVOHLGHQWLILFHGHODPGLVWDQ ÌQWHKQLFDGHODERUDWRU SHQWUXGHWHUPLQDUHDDFXLW LLYL]XDOHVWDWLFHVHIRORVHVFGLIHULWHGLVSR]LWLYHFDUHSUH]LQWILJXUL geometrice, puncte sau linii foarte finHFHSRWILVXSUDSXVHVDXGLIHUHQ LDWHVDXSURLHFWDUHD acestora). 'HWHUPLQDUHDFURPRVHQVLELOLW LL 6HQVLELOLWDWHD FURPDWLF SRDWH IL WHVWDW SH GLUHF LD WRQDOLW LL FURPDWLFH úL D VDWXUD LHL D

144. 3HQWUXFHUFHWDUHDWRQDOLW LLFURPDWLFHVHIRORVHúWH fotometrul (colorimetrul) ca cel GHVFULVIRWRPHWUXO3XOIULFK

145. FXREVHUYD LDFDLFLVHIRORVHVFILOWUHOHFRORUDWH$FHVWHILOWUH ODVVWUHDFQXPDLUD]HOHVSHFWUDOHFXRDQXPLWOXQJLPHGHXQGFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHFHORU culori (r.o.g.v.a.i.v.). ProceduUDHVWHLGHQWLFVHIL[HD]RHPLVIHUODRWRQDOLWDWHGDWUHSHU

146. VXELHFWXOWUHEXLQGVDGXFúLFHDODOWHPLVIHUODDFHHDúLYDORDUH6HFLWHVFDEDWHULOHSHFDUH ED]VHDSUHFLD]VHQVLELOLWDWHDVXELHFWXOXLID GHWRQXOFURPDWLF b) Pentru cercetareDFDSDFLW LLGHGLIHUHQ LHUHDFXORULORUGXSVDWXUD LHVHIRORVHúWH PHWRGDGLVFXULORUURWDWLYH'LVFXOURWDWLYDUHVHFWRDUHvQFDUHFXORULOHGHFRPSDUDWVHDIOvQ SURSRU LL GLIHULWH 3ULQ vQYkUWLUHD GLVFXOXL FX XQ PRWRUDú HOHFWULF VH VWDELOHúWH FDSDFLtatea VXELHFWXOXLGHGLIHUHQ LHUHDVDWXUD LHLvQIXQF LHGHQXPUXOGHWUHSWHPLQLPHVHVL]DWHvQWUH FXORDUHDDOEúLFXORDUHDVSHFWUDOSXU S-DFRQVWDWDWFvQWUHGLIHUHQ LHUHDWRQXOXLFURPDWLFúLDVDWXUD LHLH[LVWGHRELFHLXQ raport invers propor LRQDO ÌQ ]RQD UHJLVWUXOXL VSHFWUDO XQGH GLIHUHQ LHUHDWRQXULORUHVWHPDL EXQGLIHUHQ LHUHDVDWXUD LHLHVWHPDLVODEúLLQYHUV 5.3. 'HWHUPLQDUHDWXOEXUULORUVHQVLELOLW LLFURPDWLFH 9HGHUHD FXORULORU SUH]LQW LPSRUWDQ SUDFWLF PDUH vQ H[HUFLWDUHD unor profesiuni, îndeosebi din domeniul transporturilor). S-DFRQVWDWDWVWDWLVWLFFH[LVWRUVSkQGLUHUHODWLY PDUHDWXOEXUULORUGHFURPRVHQVLELOLWDWHÌQFRQVHFLQ vQSURIHVLXQLOHODFDUHVHXWLOL]HD] FRGXUL FURPDWLFH úRIHUL IHURYLDUL DYLDWRUL HWF

147. LQWHJULWDWHD VHQVLELOLW LL FURPDWLFH HVWH LQGLVSHQVDELO Cecitatea pentru culoriDIRVWREVHUYDWSHQWUXSULPDGDWGHIL]LFLDQXOHQJOH]-RKQ 'DOWRQ

148. HOvQVXúLGHILFLWDUFURPDWLFGHXQGHúLGHQXPLUHDGHÄGDOWRQLVP´GDWFHFLW LL pentru anumite culori). HFLWDWHDFURPDWLFVHPDQLIHVWILHSULQVFGHUHDVHQVLELOLW LLILHVXEIRUPDFHFLW LL FURPDWLFH SDU LDOH VDX FRPSOHWH XOWLPD IRUP vQWkOQLW PDL UDU vQ VSHFLDO OD EUED L

149. Principalele deficite de cromosensibilitate sunt: 1. protanopia (daltonismul) este tulburarea SHQWUXURúXúLYHUGHGHXWHUDQRSLDGHWHUPLQGHDVHPHQHDFHFLWDWHDSHQWUXURúXúLYHUGH GDU FX R VFGHUH DFFHQWXDW vQ UHFHS LD YHUGHOXL FHL FDUH VXIHU GH DFHDVW DQRPDOLH DX

150. 12 VHQVLELOLWDWHD FURPDWLF GHSODVDW VSUH ]ona portocalie a spectrului (spre 600 milimicroni); WULWDQRSLD UHSUH]LQW FHFLWDWHD SHQWUXFXORULOHDOEDVWUXúLYLROHWHVWHRDQRPDOLHvQWkOQLW rar). Pentru identificarea eventualilor deficitari cromatic se folosesc diferite procedee, dintre care mHQ LRQP D

151. 7HVWXO+ROPJUHQIRUPDWGLQILUHGHOkQFRORUDWHvQWUHLFXORULVWDQGDUGYHUGHSXU URúLH-UR]URúXDSULQV6XELHFWXOWUHEXLHVFRPSDUHILUHOHGHOkQGHQXDQ HGLIHULWHFXFXORULOH standard. b) Tabelele policrome sunt construite din lemn sau carton cu zone de culori diferite pe FDUHVXELHFWXOWUHEXLHVOHLGHQWLILFH c) Tabelele pseudoizocromatice (Stilling, Ishihara, Rabkin) sunt construite pe SULQFLSLXOPDVFULLvQWU-un câmp cromatic de confuzie (pentru deficitari) a unor cifre, litere sau alte semne colorate. Subiectul are sarcina de a identifica cifrele sau literele, GLIHUHQ LLQ-du-OHGHFkPSXOFURPDWLFGHPDVFDUH$FHDVWRSHUD LHHVWHGLILFLOVDXLPSRVLELO pentru deficitarii cromatic. Tabelele pseudoizocromatice au valoare diaJQRVWLF FUHVFXW vQ depistarea celor cu anomalii cromatice, surprinzându-L úL SH VLPXODQ L FHL FDUH YRU V PDVFKH]HWXOEXUDUHDVLP XOXLFURPDWLF

152. 5.4. 'HWHUPLQDUHDFkPSXOXLYL]XDOúLSHULPHWUXOFXORULORU kPSXO YL]XDO UHSUH]LQW vQWLQGHUHD YHGHULL IU PRGLILFDUHD IL[D LHL SULYLULL (O VH GHWHUPLQFXDMXWRUXOXQXLDSDUDWGHQXPLWSHULPHWUXYL]XDOÌQIRUPDVDVLPSOXQSHULPHWUX vizual este format dintr-XQVHPLFHUFODFHQWUXOFUXLDVHDIOSXQFWXOGHIL[DUHDYHGHULLGHOD care se face notarea în 800 SHQWUX ILHFDUH MXPWDWH D VHPLFHUFXOXL SULQ XUPDUH UHSHUXO GH IL[DUHDSULYLULLFRQVWLWXLHúLSXQFWXOÄ´DOSHULPHWUXOXL

153. 1RWDUHDJUDGHORUHVWHPDUFDWSHSDUWHDH[WHULRDUDVHPLFHUFXOXL6XELHFWXODúH]DW vúLVSULMLQEUELDvQWU-un dispozitiv specLDODOSHULPHWUXOXLvQORFDúXOFRUHVSXQ]WRUSHQWUX RFKLXOWHVWDWSHQWUXFDSULYLUHDDFHVWXLDVFDGSHUSHQGLFXODUSHUHSHUXOÄ´

154. 3HVHPLFHUFXO SHULPHWUXOXL HVWH GHSODVDW XQ FXUVRU SH FDUH VH DIO FXORDUHD WHVWDW XP V-D PHQ LRQDW VXELHFWXOvúLIL[HD]SULYLUHDODPLMORFXOVHPLFHUFXOXLXQGHVHDIOUHSHUXOÄ´GDUFRQWLQXV YDG VFRWRSLF SHULIHULF

155. úLFXORDUHDvQGHSODVDUHSkQODLHúLUHDGLQFkPSXOYL]XDOVDXOD LQWUDUHDvQDFHVWD

156. 0RPHQWXOLQWUULLVDXLHúLULLGLQFkPS

157. HVWHFLWLWvQJUDGHúLUHSUH]LQW OLPLWDvQWLQGHULLFkPSXOXLSHQWUXFXORDUHDúLYHFWRUXOWHVWDWH[WHULRULQWHULRUVXVMRV

158. 'DF VHGHWHUPLQFkPSXOYL]XDOSHQWUXDPkQGRLRFKLLVLPXOWDQVHREVHUYFvQUHJLXQHDQD]DO FkPSXO DFHVWRUD VH VXSUDSXQH 5H]XOWDWHOH RE Lnute se înscriu într-un grafic care permite o LQWXLUHPDLDGHFYDWDSHULPHWUXOXLFXORULORUXORULOHJDOEHQúLDOEDVWUXDXFkPSXOFHOPDL PDUHLDUYHUGHOHúLURúXODXXQFkPSPDLUHVWUkQV'HDVHPHQHDvQ]RQDQD]DOWRDWHFXORULOH au un câmp mai mic. PUHFL]DUHPHWRGRORJLFSHQWUXDFXUDWH HDGHWHUPLQULORUHVWHELQHFDILHFDUHPVXUDUH VUHSUH]LQWHPHGLDDGRXYDORULODLQWUDUHDúLODLHúLUHDGLQFkPSXOYL]XDO 'HPRQVWUDUHDH[LVWHQ HLSHWHLRDUEHvQGHWHUPLQULOHSHYHFWRUXOH[WHULRUODSOHFDUHD cuUVRUXOXLGLQUHSHUXOÄ´H[LVWXQSXQFWVLWXDWODDSUR[-150 FkQGVXELHFWXOGHFODUF ÄQXPDLYHGH´GXSFDUHvQFRQWLQXDUHDGHSODVULLFXORULLvQFHSHVYDGGLQQRX 5.5. Imagini consecutive 6HQ]D LD YL]XDO QX vQFHWHD] EUXVF R GDW FX vQFHWDUHD DF LXQLL H[FLWDQWXOXL 'XS vQFHWDUHDDF LXQLLH[FLWDQWXOXLFDHIHFWSRVWDF LRQDODOVXFXPHFDQLVPIRWRFKLPLFSHULIHULF úLQHUYRVFHQWUDO

159. SHUHWLQUPkQHRXUPFDUHGHWHUPLQRLPDJLQHFRQVHFXWLY3ULQXUPDUH LPDJLQHD FRQVHFXWLY FRQVWLWXLH R SHUVHYHUDUH D VHQ]D LHL YL]XDOH GXS FH DF LXQHD H[FLWDQWXOXLDvQFHWDW,PDJLQHDFRQVHFXWLYSRDWHILSR]LWLYFkQGLPDJLQHDSHUVHYHUHQWHVWH LGHQWLF FX FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH H[FLWDQWXOXL úL QHJDWLY FkQG DFHDVW LPDJLQH DUH FDUDFWHULVWLFL inverse excitantului. 'HPRQVWUD LH VH SURLHFWHD] XQ IDVFLFXO OXPLQRV SH XQ HFUDQ VDX SH R IRDLH GH KkUWLH

160. WLPS GH FkWHYD VHFXQGH DSUR[

161. DSRL VH VWLQJH 6H YD REVHUYD F LPDJLQHD

162. 13 OXPLQRDVYDSHUVLVWDXQWLPSSHUHWLQDFHODúLHIHFWVHRE LQHúLSULQSULYLUHD unui bec aprins úLDSRLvQFKLGHUHDRFKLORU

163. ,PDJLQLOHFRQVHFXWLYHSR]LWLYHDXODUJDSOLFD LHvQFLQHPDWRJUDILH LOX]LD PLúFULL LPDJLQLORU VWDWLFH GH SH SHOLFXO HVWH GDW GH DFHVWH LPDJLQL SHUVHYHUHQWH DFHODúL HIHFW GH PLúFDUH IHQRPHQ VWURERVFRSLF

164. VH RE LQH úL SULQvQYkUWLUHDSHvQWXQHULFD XQXLFUEXQHDSULQV

165. ÌQFD]XOLPDJLQLORUFRQVHFXWLYHQHJDWLYHLPDJLQHDSRVWDF LRQDOHVWHFRPSOHPHQWDU FXORULLVWLPXOHQWXOXLúLQXDSDUHFDRSUHOXQJLUHDVHQ]D LHLFDvQFD]XOFHOHLSR]LWLYHFLGXS RSDX]GHFkWHYDVHFXQGH'DFGHH[HPSOXVHSULYHúWH XQFHUFVDXXQSWUDWURúXúL DSRLVHPXWSULYLUHDSHRVXSUDID DOEGXSFkWHYDFOLSHFkQGQXVHYHGHQLPLFYDDSDUH FRQWXUXOFHUFXOXLVDXSWUDWXOXLvQFXORDUHDYHUGHFRPSOHPHQWXOURúXOXL

166. 'XSXQWLPSFH SRDWHILPVXUDWLPDJLQHDFRQVHFXWLY-QHJDWLYYDGLVSDUHXORULFRPSOHPHQWDUHURúXYHUGH DOEDVWUXJDOEHQ([LVWXQHOHGHRVHELULDOHFXORULORUFHDSDUFDHIHFWDOFRQWUDVWXOXLVXFFHVLYúL culorile complementare (Bonenberger), astfel: CuORDUHDGHED] XORDUHDFRPSOHPHQWDU Culoarea ce apare ca efect al contrastului succesiv galben-portocaliu albastru-bleu albastru-ultramarin portocaliu bleu albastru albastru-cobalt galben-portocaliu URúX-portocaliu verde-bleu portocaliu portocaliu-roúX RQWUDVWXOSRDWHILQXQXPDLFRQVHFXWLYFLúLVLPXOWDQ$úDGHH[HPSOXXQSWUDWGLQKkUWLH FHQXúLH QL VH SDUH PDL DOE SH XQ IRQG QHJUX GHFkW SH XQ IRQG DOE ÌQ FD]XO FXORULORU FRPSOHPHQWDUHRKkUWLHFHQXúLHDúH]DWSHXQIRQGFURPDWLFDQXPLWWLQGHVLDQXDQ DFXORULL FRPSOHPHQWDUHGHYLQHJOEXLHúLSHXQIRQGURúXGHYLQHYHU]XLHHIHFWXODSDUHPDLELQHGDF VHOXFUHD]WRWXOVXEKkUWLHWUDQVSDUHQW

167. 2EVHUYD LH: culorile de contrast nu sunt reciproce ca cele complementare. De exemplu, culoarea de contrast a galbenului este violetul, dar culoarea de contrast a violetului nu este galbenul, ci galben-verzuiul. Culorile de contrast apar nu numai pe fond alb, ci pe oricare altul. ,PDJLQLOHFRQVHFXWLYHúLFRQWUDVWXOVLPXOWDQSRWILIRORVLWHFDWHVWHSentru determinarea oboselii vizuale sau generale. 'HWHUPLQDUHDVHQVLELOLW LLDXGLWLYH 6.1. 3UHFL]ULWHUPLQRORJLFHúLSDUDPHWULFH 2VFLOD LLOH DFXVWLFH VH SURSDJ vQ DHU OD 0 FX YLWH]D GH PV FDUH FUHúWH OD temperaturi mai înalte (343,2 m/s la +200 ; 386,5 m/s la 1000 ). În lichide, viteza sunetului este PDLPDUHLDUvQFRUSXULOHVROLGHúLPDLPDUHSHVWHPV

168. Principalii parametri fizici ai sunetelor sunt: a) IUHFYHQ DRVFLOD LLORUFDUHVHSHUFHSHSVLKRORJLFFDvQO LPHDVXQHWHORU5HJistrul GHIUHFYHQ HSHQWUXFDUHXUHFKHDRPHQHDVFHVWHVHQVLELOVHvQWLQGHvQWUH+]úL.+] +HU L

169. 3HVWH.+]YRUELPGHVSUHXOWUDVXQHWHQXVXQWSHUFHSXWHGHRP

170. XFkW IUHFYHQ DRVFLOD LLORUHVWHPDLPDUHFXDWkWVXQHWHOHVXQWPDLvQDOWHúLLQYHUV([HPSOHGH VXQHWHvQDOWHIOXLHUDWXOSLXLWXOYRFHDGHVRSUDQMRDVHEDVXOWURPERQXOHWF b) DPSOLWXGLQHD RVFLOD LLORU DFXVWLFH GHWHUPLQ LQWHQVLWDWHD VXQHWHORU HQHUJLD WUDQVSRUWDWGHXQGDVRQRUSHXQLWDWHDGHWLPS

171. ,QWHQVLWDWHDFDSDrametru fizic al energiei RVFLOD LLORUVHSHUFHSHVXELHFWLYFDWULHDVXQHWHORU3RWULYLWOHJLL%RXJXHU- Weber-Fechner vQWUHH[FLWD LHúLVHQ]D LHFUHúWHUHDORU

172. H[LVWXQUDSRUWORJRULWPLF$FHVWUDSRUWUHOD LH

173. VH DSOLF úL vQ UHOD LD GLQWUH LQWHQVLWDWHDIL]LFDRVFLOD LLORUúLVHQ]D LDGHWULHDVXQHWHORUÌQ DFHVW VHQV DX IRVW DGRSWDWH FRQYHQ LRQDO XQLW L ORJRULWPLFH QXPLWH GHFLEHOL G%

174. FDUH V exprime acest raport. Pornindu-VHGHODREVHUYD LDFXUHFKHDDUHVHQVLELOLWDWHDFHDPDLPDUH

175. 14 în zonD IUHFYHQ HORU PHGLL SHQWUX FRPSDUDUHD UDSRUWXULORU LQWHQVLWDWH-WULH D VXQHWHORU GH GLIHULWHIUHFYHQ HDIRVWVWDELOLWIUHFYHQ DGH+]FDIUHFYHQ DXGLRIXQGDPHQWDO

176. /D IUHFYHQ DGH+]VXQHWXOFHOPDLVODEFDUHSRDWHILSHUFHSXWDUHLQWHQVLWDWHDIL]LFGH 10-16 w/cm2 DGLF,0 = 10-16 w/cm2 sau I0 = 10-10 ZFP2 PLFURYD LSHFP2 ) , la o presiune de EDUL$FHDVWYDORDUHDIRVWDGRSWDWFRQYHQ LRQDOFDQLYHOQXODOLQWHQVLW LLVXQHWXOXL GHRULFHIUHFYHQ ÌQXQLW LORJDULWPLFHQLYHOXOQXOVHQRWHD]FXÄ´G% 8QWDEHOVLPSOXúLvQFRQVHFLQ XúRUGHXUPULWHVWHXUPWRUXOGXS6WHYHQV

177. Caracteristica sunetului 1LYHOXOGHWULHvQG% – Pragul auzului (absolut) 0 –9RFHúRSWLWDX]LWGHODPGLVWDQ 10 – Tic-tacXOFHDVRUQLFXOXLGHPDV 20 –9RUELUHDvQFHDW 40 –6WUDG]JRPRWRDV 70 –LSLWXO 80 –2UFKHVWUIRDUWHSXWHUQLFFXVXIOWRUL

178. 100 – Zgomotul tunetului 120 – Pragul de durere (sunetul nu mai poate fi identificat) 130 $SUHFLHUHDvQXQLW LGHWULHG%

179. DGLIHULWHORUVXQHWH 'HUH LQXWQLYHOXOGHWULHDOGLYHUVHORUVXQHWHVHvQWLQGHGHODÄ´G%SkQOD-130 G%OLPLWDGHWROHUDQ SVLKRIL]LRORJLFDVLVWHPXOXLDXGLWLY

180. c) )RUPD RVFLOD LLORU: Sunetele pot fi simple sau compuse. Sunetul pur (tonul) se FDUDFWHUL]HD]SULQIRUPDVLQXVRLGDODRVFLOD LLORU6XQHWHOHFDUHDXRVFLOD LLPDLFRPSOH[HúL R IRUP QHVLQXVRLGDO VH QXPHVF VXQHWH FRPSOH[H $VWIHO RULFH RVFLOD LH FRPSXV HVWH IRUPDWGLQWU-XQQXPUGHRVFLOD LLVLPSOHGHGLIHULWHIUHFYHQ HúLDPSOLWXGLQLLQWHQVLW L

181. 2VFLOD LLOHVLQXVRLGDOHVLPSOHFDUHIRUPHD]RRVFLOD LHFRPSXVVHQXPHVFDUPRQLFLXQHRUL RFWDYH

182. )UHFYHQ HOHDUPRQLFHORUVXQWvQWRWGHDXQDGHXQQXPUvQWUHJGHRULPDLPDULGHFkW IUHFYHQ DRVFLOD LHLFRPSXVHDGLFVXQWPXOWLSOLDLDFHVWHLIUHFYHQ H'HH[GDFRRVFLOD LH FRPSXVDUHIUHFYHQ DGH+]SULPDDUPRQLFVDXIXQGDPHQWDODYDDYHDGHDVHPHQHD +]DUPRQLFDDGRXDYDILGHRULPDLPDUHDGLF+]DUPRQLFDDWUHLDYDILGHRUL mai mare, adiF+]úDPG$PSOLWXGLQLOHDUPRQLFHORUVXQWGLIHULWHúLQXVHVXSXQXQRU OHJLDWkWGHULJXURDVHFDIUHFYHQ HOHORU([SUHVLDSVLKRORJLFDIRUPHLRVFLOD LLORUUH]XOWDWGLQ combinatorica armonicelor, este timbrul sunetelor. Timbrul unui sunet variazGXSWULDúL IUHFYHQ D IXQGDPHQWDOHL LDU FDOLWDWHD VD YDULD] GXS DUPRQLFD vQWULW 'H H[HPSOX armonica a 2-DvQWULWYDGDVXQHWXOXLFODULWDWHúLVWUOXFLUHD-DYDGDXQVXQHWSWUXQ]WRU DOLWDWHDWLPEUDOVDXFXORDUHDWRQDO

183. IDFHFDXQVXQHWVILHPkQJkLHWRUDOXQHFWRUDOE sumbru, strident, rotund, metalic, clar etc. Tonul afectiv, caracteristica timbrului, poate genera GLYHUVHVWULHPR LRQDOHWRQXOIDFHPX]LFD

184. 7LPEUXOGLIHULWHORUVXQHWHSHUPLWHLGHQWLILFDUHD sursei care le-a provocDWDFWLYLWDWHDQWUHQDELO

185. 6.2. 0HWRGHGHGHWHUPLQDUHDVHQVLELOLW LLDXGLWLYH 'LQWUHPHWRGHOHGHDFXPHWULHLQVWUXPHQWDOYRPLQVLVWDDVXSUDDXGLRPHWULHLFDILLQG FHD PDLX]XDO6HQVLELOLWDWHDDX]XOXLvQUDSRUWGHIUHFYHQ DVXQHWHORUGLQUHJLVWUXODXGibil, IXQF LH GH WULH VH PVRDU FX DXGLRPHWUXO 8Q DXGLRPHWUX HOHFWURQLF HVWH HFKLSDW FX JHQHUDWRUGHWRQXULSXUHUHJODELOHvQIUHFYHQ +]

186. úLvQWULHG%

187. 3ULQGLVSR]LWLYHVSHFLDOH DXGLRPHWUXODVLJXUSURGXFHUHDGHWRQXULFRQWLQXLúLLQWHUPLWHQWH. Tonurile astfel modulate în IUHFYHQ úL WULH VXQW FRQGXVH OD XUHFKLOH VXELHFWXOXL SULQ FúWL VH SRDWH VWXGLD VHQVLELOLWDWHDPRQRDXUDOVDXELQDXUDOGXSFXPVHIRORVHúWHRVLQJXUFDVFVDXDPkQGRX

188. 6XELHFWXOVHPQDOL]HD]UHFHSWDUHDVXQHWXOXLODRXUHFKHVDXODDPkQGRXSRWULYLWFXVFRSXO LQYHVWLJD LHLHIHFWXDWHXDMXWRUXODXGLRPHWUXOXLSRDWHILGHWHUPLQDWVHQVLELOLWDWHDDEVROXW

189. 15 úLGLIHUHQ LDODDX]XOXL'HRDUHFHDXGLRPHWUHOHGHVHUYHVFvQSULQFLSDOVFRSXULFOLQLFHúLQX GHSúHVFvQJHQHUDO.+]SHQWUXLQYHVWLJDUHDDX]XOXLSHvQWUHJUHJLVWUXGHIUHFYHQ HGLQ JDPD DXGLELO - .+]

190. VH SRW XWLOL]D JHQHUDWRDUH FDUH HPLW úL vQ DFHDVW EDQG 0VXUWRULOH HIHFWXDWH DVXSUD SUDJXULORU VHQVLELOLW LL DXGLWLYH vQ FH SULYHúWH LQWHQVLWDWHD VRQRUvQIXQF LHGHIUHFYHQ VHRELHFWLYHD]vQDXGLRJUDP $XGLRJUDPD HVWH R FXUE FRQWLQX FX YkUIXO FURúHWXO PD[LP

191. vQ ]RQD IUHFYHQ HORU medii (1000 – +]

192. UHVSHFWLY vQ UHJLXQHD PD[LPHL VHQVLELOLW L 3UDJXO DEVROXW DO VHQ]D LHL DXGLWLYH SHQWUX ILHFDUH IUHFYHQ HVWH GDW GH LQWHQVLWDWHD HQHUJLD

193. PLQLP D RVFLOD LLORUDFXVWLFH3HPVXUFHFUHúWHPQLYHOXOGHWULHDOVXQHWXOXLSHVWHG%VXELHFWXO VHVL]HD] vQ XUHFKH R VHQ]D LH GH SUHVLXQH FDUH OD FUHúWHUHD vQ FRQWLQXDUH D WULHL DSDUH VHQ]D LDGHGXUHUH3UDJXOVHQ]D LHLGHSUHVLXQHDUHXQQLYHOGHLQWHQVLWDWHGHDSUR[-120 dB, ceea ce corespunde unei presiuni sonore de 100 de bari (1 g/cm2 ). La acest nivel se VLWXHD] SUDJXO PD[LPDO DO VHQ]D LHL DXGLWLYH OLPLWD GH WROHUDQ SVLKRIL]LRORJLF D VLVWHPXOXL

194. GLQFRORGHFDUHDSDUVHQ]D LLDOJLFHVDXFKLDUGLVWUXJHULPRUIR-IXQF LRQDOH(VWHFD úLFXPV-DUDVFXOWDPRWRDUHOHvQDPEDODUHDOHXQXLWXUERUHDFWRUGHODRGLVWDQ PDLPLFGH PIUFDVFDQWLIRQLFDúDFXPDXPHFDQLFLLGHSHDHroporturi). 6.3. /RFDOL]DUHDVRQRVSD LDO /D SUHFL]LD ORFDOL]ULL VXUVHL GH VXQHW SDUWLFLS PDL PXO L IDFWRUL vQWUH FDUH PDL LPSRUWDQ LVXQWGLIHUHQ DGHID]GHH[FLWD LHúLDPSOLWXGLQHDRVFLOD LLORU D

195. 'LIHUHQ DGHID]GHH[FLWD LHSRDWHILSXVvQHYLGHQ SULQDúH]DUHDXQHLSHUHFKLGH FúWL FX WXEXUL OD XUHFKLOH VXELHFWXOXL 6XQHWXO HVWH FRQGXV OD XUHFKL FX DMXWRUXO D WXEXUL IXUWXQH

196. FDUHSRWILHJDOHVDXLQHJDOHvQWUHHOH'DFWXEXULOHVXQWHJDOHFDOXQJLPHVXELHFWXO ORFDOL]HD]VXUVDvQSODQXOPHGLDQGHRDUHFHDPEHOHXUHFKLVXQWH[FLWDWHVLPXOWDQ'DFvQV XQXOGLQWXEXULHVWHPDLVFXUWVXELHFWXOYDORFDOL]DVXUVDvQGLUHF LDXUHFKLLODFDUHVXQHWXO DMXQJH PDL UHSHGH vQWUXFkW YD IL H[FLWDW vQDLQWHD FHOHL GHIDYRUL]DWH DSDUH GHID]DMXO exFLWD LHL

197. 3ULQXUPDUHXUHFKHDPDLDSURDSHGHVXUVYDDYHDXQDYDQVGHWLPSGHH[FLWDUH GDWRULWSR]L LHLúLGLVWDQ HLHLID GHDFHDVXUV3HQWUXDH[FLWDúLFHDODOWXUHFKHRVFLOD LD DFXVWLFWUHEXLHVWUDYHUVH]HDSUR[FPFLUFXPIHULQ DFDSXOXLFRQVLGHUkQGFDUILSHUIHFW VIHULF

198. /D DFHDVW WUDYHUVDUH RVFLOD LD FRQVXP WLPS úL vQ FRQVHFLQ GHWHUPLQ GLIHUHQ D ELQDXUDOGHWLPSbinaural time difference). E

199. ÌQIDSWvQUHDOL]DUHDORFDOL]ULLVSD LDOHDVXQHWHORUvQDIDUGHGHID]DMXOGHH[FLWD LH SDUWLFLS úL DPSOLWXGLQHD RVFLOD LLORU 3HQWUX D DMXQJH OD UHFHSWRUXO XUHFKHD

200. GHIDYRUL]DW RVFLOD LLOHSLHUGGLQHQHUJLHDVWIHOvQFkWDSDUHúLRGLIHUHQ GHLQWHQVLWDWHDH[FLWD LHLDWXQFL FkQGH[LVWRGLIHUHQ GHID]/DIUHFYHQ HOHMRDVHGLIHUHQ DGHID]HVWHGDWGHvQWkU]LHUHD FXFDUHXQGDVRQRUDMXQJHGHODRXUHFKHODFHDODOW/DIUHFYHQ HOHvQDOWHDFURUOXQJLPHGH XQG HVWH PDL PDUH GHFkW GLVWDQ D GLQWUH FHOH GRX XUHFKL GLIHUHQ D GH ID] SURYLQH GLQ GLIHUHQ D GH LQWHQVLWDWH DSOLFDW ILHFUHL XUHFKL HD PDL DSURSLDW GH VXUV SULPHúWH R LQWHQVLWDWHPDLPDUHvQWUXFkWDWHQXDUHDGHSHWUDVHXOGHSURSDJDUHúLHFUDQDUHDGDWGHFXWLD FUDQLDQIDFFDODXUHFKHDPDLGHSUWDWGHVXUVVDMXQJPDLSX LQHQHUJLHVRQRU ÌQDIDUGHDFHDVWDGHRVHELUHDGHLQWHQVLWDWHYDULDELOFXIUHFYHQ DGDWRULWDWHQXULLúL GLIUDF LHLGHWHUPLQúLRGLIHUHQ GLQWLPEUXvQWUHFHOHXUHFKL 3HQWUX GHWHUPLQDUHD FDSDFLW LL GH ORFDOL]DUH D VXQHWHORU V-au folosit dispozitive dintre cele mai variate: colivii acustice (the sound cage

201. GLIX]RDUH DúH]DWH vQ GLYHUVH unghiuri; perimetre acustice etc. 'HWHUPLQDUHDVHQVLELOLW LLJXVWDWLYHúLROIDFWLYH 7.1. Determinarea pragurilor gustative se face prin aplicarea, cu ajutorul unei pipete gradate, a XQRUVROX LLDSRDVHGLQVXEVWDQ HOHJXVWRJHQHSXUHvQGLIHULWH]RQHGHSHOLPE 7HKQLFD HVWH ODERULRDV úL LQVXILFLHQW GH SUREDQW GDF LQHP VHDPD GH UH]XOWDWHOH FRQWUDGLFWRULLRE LQXWHGHGLYHUúLFHUFHWWRUL

202. 16 7.2. 7HKQLFLGHPVXUDUHDSUDJXULORUROIDctive: a) Olfactometrul Zwadermaker se compune din 2 tuburi, unul exterior din metal, care vQFKLGHHWDQúSHFHOLQWHULRUGLQSRU HODQSRURVvQFDUHVHvPELEVXEVWDQ DRGRUDQWÌQWUHJ DQVDPEOXOGHWXEXULJOLVHD]SHRPLF HDYFDUHVHLQWURGXFHvQQDULQa subiectului, apropiind VDXGHSUWkQGDVWIHOVXEVWDQ DGHUHFHSWRUXOROIDFWLY6XELHFWXOWUHEXLHVVHVL]H]HPRPHQWXO FkQG SHUFHSH PLURVXO SUDJXO DEVROXW

203. VDX FkQG DSUHFLD] F D LQWHUYHQLW R VFKLPEDUH D LQWHQVLW LLDFHVWXLDSUDJGLIHUHQ LDO

204. b) MarFDMXOSHKkUWLHGHILOWUXSURFHGHXOFKLPLúWLORUSDUIXPHUL

205. 3HSWU HOHGHKkUWLH FXODWXUDGHFPVHPDUFKHD]SULQvPELEDUH

206. GLIHULWHFRQFHQWUD LLDOHVXEVWDQ HLRGRULJHQH $FHVWHSWU HOHGLQKkUWLHGHILOWUXVXQWDSXFDWHFXRSHQVHWúLSUH]HQWDWe subiectului spre a OH DSUHFLD FDQWLWDWLY úL FDOLWDWLY 6XQW VWDELOLWH DVWIHO SUDJXULOH DEVROXW úL GLIHUHQ LDO SHQWUX GLIHULWHVXEVWDQ HRGRUDQWHvQUDSRUWGHSXWHUHDúLFRQFHQWUD LDORURGRULJHQ

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