Effects of family violence on adolescent well-being

What are the effects of family violence on social well-being in
adolescents?
Rehab Al Ghamdi
Dr. Sperry
EPSY 621
1
Did you know?
Millions of children are exposed to domestic violence in their
home (Carlson, 1984; Straus, 1992).
Millions of children classified as maltreated by parents and
other caretakers (USDHHS, 2006).
Co-occurrence of violence domestic as well as otherwise with
child abuse(Edleson, 2001; Tajima, 2004).
Links between domestic violence as well as child abuse with
adverse psychosocial and behavioral outcomes (T. Herrenkohl,
Sousa, Tajima, R. Herrenkohl, & Moylan, 2008; Sternberg,
2006; Wolfe, Crooks, Lee, McIntyre-Smith, & Jaffe, 2003).
2
The above facts represents a disheartening story related to the
dismal state of affairs with respect to the increasing incidents of
child abuse and violence .Such an exposure at the tender age
has a detrimental effect on their future personalities by

adversely influencing their internalizing and externalizing
behaviors.
2
Research question
Does the exposure to violence and child abuse at an early age
responsible for influencing the psychosocial outcomes in
adolescence comprising their internalizing and externalizing
behaviors.
3
This investigation aims to strengthen research on effects of
exposure to child abuse and domestic violence.
3
Summary
The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on
adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.
4
The following slides will present the summary of the research
study authored by Moyan et al. to investigate and validate the
findings.
Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A.,
Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child
abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent
internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of
family Violence, 25(1), 53-63.

4
Purpose of Study
The examination of the impact of child abuse and domestic
violence exposure in childhood on their internalizing adolescent
behavior resulting in psychological problems like anxiety and
depressionas well as their externalizing behaviors manifested as
delinquency and violence perpetration.
family Violence,
5
The study by Moylan et al. attempted to investigate the
combined effects of exposure to child abuse and domestic
violence on psychosocial outcomes in adolescence and examine
interaction of gender with abuse and domestic violence
exposure in the prediction of youth outcomes.
5
Research hypothesis
The study postulates that
exposure to violence will enhance the likelihood of child
imbibing these outcomes, and
the risk is higher among the children who face child abuse along
with domestic as compared to those who are exposed to only
one type of abuse.
There is moderating effect of gender on the childhood exposure
as well as the later outcomes in adolescence.

6
The study by Moylan et al. particularly tried to investigate its
objectives of study by examining the above mentioned three
hypothesis.
6
Design
Lehigh Longitudinal Study
Descriptive research design using three time assessment
process with well structured interviews
individually face-to-face administered questionnaires
adolescent youth survey comprising 457 youth
information was captured on variables like parenting practices,
youth behaviour, youth psychological functioning, and youth
school experiences
To cross check the reliability of information and to lessen the
potential measurement bias data was procured from three
sources including official records; reports provided by mothers
and the retrospective reports by adolescents were used in the
study.
7
The above slide provides a comprehensive list of the
characteristics of the research design used in the study by
Moylan et al.(2010)
7
Methods
Participants
The participants in the study included youth and parents(for the

preschool and school-age children)
Instrument for data collection
The study used well validated scales like the items from the
Achenbach Youth Self Report (YSR) (Achenbach 1991) in a
structured assessment form
Data collection techniques
Face to face interviews
8
The study employed the above mentioned methods to ensure the
generalization of the research findings.
8
Data analysis
Data analysis techniques
Regression models and
structural modelling program(SEM)using the MPlus
9
The use of software was done to ensure the fast speed for
calculations. The use of SEM facilitated the testing for the
hypothesis of interest. To make an assessment regarding the
possible gender differences across levels of the predictors and
outcomes it was used as a free-standing covariate.
9
Findings
The findings related to first hypothesis about the impact of
violence exposure on internalizing and externalizing behaviour
indicate exposure to be predictive for some outcomes and the
gender was also predictive for certain outcomes.

The study confirmed the complexity of the relationship between
violence exposure and later adolescent outcomes as results were
not statistically significant.
10
The study did indicate some observable but insignificant
differences across the predictions for children with dual
exposure and those who were exposed to either abuse or
domestic violence only. Also the comparison of results across
gender revealed the comparability of results for effect of
exposure between the boys and girls.
10
Conclusions
Though the findings indicated that the exposure to domestic
violence and child abuse at an early age impact certain type of
internalizing and externalizing outcomes in adolescence but it
failed to confirm if the dual exposure was more severe than the
individual. Further the moderating effect of gender on this
relationship was also observed.
11
11
Theoretical perspective
The theoretical perspective of the author on the issue to extend
the realms of cognitive-development by gaining a knowledge
that how the exposures in early life influence the outcomes at
later stage.
12

Cognitive development aims to identify the various factors that
influence the development of human beings across the different
stages of life.
12
To verify the severity of double whammy effect (Herrenkohl et
al., 2008; Hughes, Parkinson, & Vargo, 1989) and to to measure
the developmental changes in the target group the study makes
use of longitudinal research.
13
The study aimed to verify the theory that that whether double
whammy effect (Herrenkohl et al., 2008; Hughes, Parkinson, &
Vargo, 1989) is more severe than the exposure to only one of
the factors but it could not gather substantive evidence to
support the issue.
13
summary
Prospective effects of violence exposure across multiple
contexts on early adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing
problems.
14
The following slides will present the summary of the research
study authored by Mrug & Windle to investigate and validate
the findings.

Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2010). Prospective effects of violence
exposure across multiple contexts on early adolescents’
internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of child
psychology and psychiatry, 51(8), 953-961
14
Purpose of Study
To examine the impact of cross-contextual (in community, home
or school )exposures on children by evaluating the effects of
witnessing violence and victimization both individual as well as
interactive on the adolescent’s internalizing and externalizing
issues.
15
The study by Mrug & Windle attempts to explore the cross
cultural impact of violence and abuse exposure on the shaping
of problems during early adolescence.
15
Research hypothesis
The study postulated
violence exposure in home and school is more detrimental in
cultivating the adjustment problems as compared to
community violence
violence exposure in the community have an attenuating impact
on violence exposure at home and school
Victimization has direct strong association with adjustment
issues in comparison to exposure to violence and therefore the
application of cross-context attenuation is more apt in
witnessing
Violence rather than victimisation.
16

design
Longitudinal study of two assessments at a lag of 16 months
Two-stage probability sampling process with random selection
of schools followed by inviting the participants from the
selected schools
The study is correlational trying to deduce the impact of
witnessing violence and victimization on the behavior of
adolescents.
17
Methods
The Birmingham Youth Violence Study
(BYVS) was conducted between 2003 and 2005.
Sample survey comprising 603 boys and girls from . 5th grade
classrooms in 17 schools of the area
Sample was constituted by 78% African Americans and 20%
Caucasians
18
Methods(contd.)
Use of standardized scales for measurement of variables like
Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS;Reynolds
& Richmond, 1997), Major Depressive Disorder scale of the
Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children
Predictive Scales (DPS; Lucas et al., 2001), Hopelessness Scale
for Children (Kazdin, Rodgers,& Colbus, 1986) etc. to ensure
the validity and relaiability of study findings.
19

Data analysis
Multiple regressions
Initial levels of internalizing and externalizing problems and
demographics were the control factors in the study.
20
The study used multiple regression to test the hypothesis of the
impact of independent and interactive effects of witnessing
violence or victimization across multiple cross-contexts.
20
Findings
The study concluded that Witnessing violence at school and
home was a predictor for anxiety and depression while
witnessing community violence was a predictor for delinquency.
Similarly for the victimization, the impact of victimization at
home was associated with anxiety, depression, and aggression
while victimization at school related with anxiety only and the
association of victimization in the community with any
outcomes could not be ascertained from the study.
The study suggested that the impact of witnessing violence at
home was more on the outcomes like anxiety, delinquency and
aggression in absence of exposure to community violence.
21
Conclusions
Violence exposure at home and school on internalizing and
externalizing outcomes was confirmed by the study and the

witnessing of community violence is found to have an
attenuating this effect.
22
The theoretical perspective of the author on the issue to extend
the realms of cognitive-development by gaining a knowledge
that how the exposures in early life influence the outcomes at
later stage in the multiple contexts of community, school and
home.
23
The study makes use of longitudinal research to measure the
developmental changes in the target group.
24
Findings from similar research studies
A meta-analytic review of the video-game research literature
including various types of research settings like experimental
and non-experimental studies, in laboratory and field settings,
with males and females and explores the role of exposure to
violent video games in influencing aggressive behavior
concluded that exposure to violent video games increases
physiological arousal, cardiovascular arousal, aggressive
cognition, aggressive affect and aggression-related thoughts and
feelings whereas it has an adverse effect on pro-social behavior
and helping behavior (Anderson , Bushman).
25

Another study exhibits that effect of violent video games on
aggression is positively associated with type of game violence
and negatively related to time spent playing the games(Sherry).
Carnagey and Anderson in their study employed three
experiments for examining the effects of rewarding and
punishing violent actions in video games on the aggression-
related variables by using an experimental research design and
concluded that rewarding violent game actions increased
aggressive thinking, aggressive behavior as well as hostile
emotion where as the punishing violent actions increased hostile
emotion and did not increase aggressive thinking or aggressive
behavior. Therefore it can be drawn as an inference that games
that reward violent actions can increase aggressive behavior by
increasing aggressive thinking.
26
Study by Anderson and Dill revealed a positive association
between violent video game play with aggressive behavior and
delinquency and negative association between academic
achievement and overall amount of time spent playing video
games. It was further concluded that these associations were
stronger for aggressive and male individuals. The study by
Bartholow and Anderson examining the effect of playing a
violent video game on aggression in a laboratory setting using
an experimental research design and measuring aggression in
terms of the punishment levels set by participants for their
opponents confirmed the hypothesis that playing the violent
game would result in more aggression rather than playing of the
nonviolent game and the larger interaction effect between game

and sex for men.
27
Take home message
In the light of the evidences presented by the two studies by
Moylan et al.(2010) and Mrug & Windle it can be safely
concluded that the exposure to violence(domestic or otherwise)
as well as the child abuse at the tender age are responsible for
shaping the behavior of the adolescents reflected in their
internalizing behaviors like anxiety, depression as well as their
externalizing behaviors like delinquency.
28
Thank you
29
References
References
family Violence, 25(1), 53-63.
Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2010). Prospective effects of violence

exposure across multiple contexts on early adolescents’
internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of child
psychology and psychiatry, 51(8), 953-961.
Other References
Chan, K. L., Brownridge, D. A., Yan, E., Fong, D. Y., & Tiwari,
A. (2011). Child maltreatment polyvictimization: Rates and
short-term effects on adjustment in a representative Hong Kong
sample. Psychology of violence, 1(1), 4.
Lepistö, S., Luukkaala, T., & Paavilainen, E. (2011).
Witnessing and experiencing domestic violence: a descriptive
study of adolescents. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences,
25(1), 70-80.
Lepistö, S., Åstedt‐Kurki, P., Joronen, K., Luukkaala, T., &
Paavilainen, E. (2010). Adolescents’ experiences of coping with
domestic violence. Journal of advanced nursing, 66(6), 1232-
1245.
Margolin, G., & Vickerman, K. A. (2011). Posttraumatic stress
in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: I.
Overview and issues.
Quinn, A., Briggs, H. E., Miller, K. M., & Orellana, E. R.
(2014). Social and familial determinants of health: Mediating
effects of caregiver mental and physical health on children's
mental health. Children and Youth Services Review, 36, 163-
169.
Smith, D. E., & Moore, T. M. (2013). Family Violence and
Aggression and Their Associations With Psychosocial
Functioning in Jamaican Adolescents. Journal of Family Issues,
34(6), 745-767.

Other References
Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000). Video games and
aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory
and in life. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(4),
772.
Anderson, C. A., Carnagey, N. L., Flanagan, M., Benjamin, A.
J., Eubanks, J., & Valentine, J. C. (2004). Violent video games:
Specific effects of violent content on aggressive thoughts and
behavior. Advances in experimental social psychology, 36, 200-
251.
Anderson, C. A. (2004). An update on the effects of playing
violent video games. Journal of adolescence, 27(1), 113-122.
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of violent
video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition,
aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior:
A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature.
Psychological science, 12(5), 353-359.
Rubric
Evaluation Rubric for Research Presentation
Total Assignment = 100 pts (=23% of course grade)
10 pts -- Your research question/ appropriate selection of
articles and presentation length--total presentation should be no
shorter than 20 and no longer than 40 slides
45 pts -- Summary of each study; please include for each study
the following.
a. Purpose of Study--what are the study's research questions? (6
pts)
b. Design --First, answer this question: is this study

experimental?, quasi-experimental?, or correlational?
Experimental=are there randomly assigned groups that were
treated differently?, Quasi-Experimental--are there groups that
naturally occurred--e.g., smokers vs. non-smokers--that were
treated differently by the researcher?, Correlational--a group is
described and the results show differences among the group
members? Second, IF the study has a developmental focus,
analyze the developmental design: cross-sectional, longitudinal,
or sequential. (6 pts)
c. Methods--include participants, materials/instruments, data
collection techniques, and data analysis techniques. After
summarizing the methods, analyze what the researchers did in
terms of the criteria of 1) objectivity, 2) reliability, 3) validity,
4) representative sampling, and 5) replication. (21 pts)
Rubric II
d. Findings--look for information indicating significant
differences--connect the findings back to the research
hypotheses. The findings should be contained in the Results
section of the paper (6 pts)
e. Conclusions--summary of authors' interpretations from
Discussion section (6 pts)
15 pts--Theoretical Perspective--what are the researchers'
(probably implicit) perspectives on human development?--
defend your decisions for each study with reasons (from the
purpose, design, data collection and analysis, results, and
interpretation); you should 1) identify (2 pts), 2) explain (5 pts),
and 3) defend (8 pts) whether the perspective of each study is
organismic, cognitive-developmental, cognitive-learning,
behavioral, psychodynamic, contextual, or humanistic. If
possible to determine the specific theory being tested by the

study, further analyze the origins of the developmental approach
being used. Be sure to defend your point of view.
15 pts -- Take Home Message--having read these two studies
(notice this is a comparative analysis), what do you now
believe? (=conclusions, 5 pts) What other questions do you
have? (=future research questions, 5 pts) What can you not
know for sure? (=limitations, 5 pts)
Rubric III
15 pts -- Communicative Effectiveness
a. Presence of a brief introduction and conclusion (2 pts)
b. Does paper flow? (please use headings) (3 pts)
c. Are words misspelled or used incorrectly, are subject-verb
agreements correct? (4 pts)
d. Correct use of in-text citation (e.g., refer to studies by the
authors' last names and year of publication)--please note that
the only proper way to refer to a study in formal writing is by
the last names of the authors and the year of publication. No
article titles should appear in the narrative. (3 pts)
e. Style of references (3 pts)
For both d. and e. please follow the APA Manual of Style, 6th
ed. An APA tutorial is available under the Cunningham
Memorial Library's home page (see online tutorials).
Please post your presentation as an attachment (with document
in Power Point or Word or rtf, preferably) under the Research
Presentations Forum of the Discussion Board by the due date
listed in the Calendar (under Tools).

Instructions of Intervention Plan
· Intervention Plan
Students are asked to read several of the research presentations
and respond to ONE of them by creating a lesson plan or plan
for intervention to assist individuals with the problems
described in the research presentation.
· This assignment addresses the teaching goal of identifying
strategies for facilitating the development of people. For
example, if your classmate's presentation concerns adolescent
identity in the face of parental divorce, create a plan for
intervention or treatment to help those adolescents that is based
on the conclusions of the research presentation.
· If your classmate's presentation concerns caregivers' health
problems in the face of a family member with Alzheimer's,
create a plan for intervention or treatment to help those
caregivers that is based on the results of the studies summarized
in the presentation.
· If your classmate's presentation concerns college student
grades in the face of extracurricular involvement in athletics,
create a lesson plan or intervention plan to help college students
that is based on the results of the studies.
· If your classmate's presentation concerns the effects of silent
reading on middle schoolers' comprehension skills, create a
lesson plan to help middle schoolers that is based on the results
of the studies.
· Convince me that your plan is based on the results of the
studies.
· Please create your OWN intervention--do not borrow one used
in your school district or found in another study.

· Think CREATIVELY about what you might do, why it should
work, and exactly how you would implement it. Think through
the steps of implementation.
The plan should identify a target audience, and a target frame of
duration, and contain an objective, a summary of skills to be
developed, and specific techniques for reaching the objective
and developing the skills. Be sure to identify the research
presentation that you are responding to and explain how your
intervention addresses the issues explained in your classmate’s
research presentation.
Please note that in your References section you should not
include any article that you yourself have not read.
Your classmate’s research presentation will list both of the
studies your classmate read to produce the research
presentation. I encourage you to work from the summaries
produced by your classmate. Unless you have read those
original studies yourself, you may not ethically cite those
studies. If you use other sources in preparing your IP, you
should cite those sources faithfully.
I prefer that you write your IP in Word. Please attach the rubric
(available under the purple button "Course Documents") to the
end of your plan.
The IP will be evaluated according to the rubric under Course
Documents and is worth 7% of your course grade. Please send
the IP (in a Microsoft Word format) to me as an email
attachment with the rubric copied into the last pages no later
than the date listed in the Calendar.
· Intervention Plan Rubric
__of 1 point Identification of Research Presentation to which
your plan is in response
__ of 3 points Explain how the research presentation
findings motivated your intervention--be specific
__of 1 point Target Audience
__of 1 point Target Frame of Duration
__of 1 point Objective

__ of 4 points Skills to be developed
__ of 4 points Specific Techniques
__of 2 points Originality of Student's Intervention
__of 3 points Style--grammar, spelling, rhetorical structure, and
proper citation of any sources used, including your classmate's
research presentation--make a separate References page
__ of 20 points Total

Effects of family violence on adolescent well-being

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Effects of family violence on adolescent well-being

Similar to Effects of family violence on adolescent well-being (20)

More from alanfhall8953

More from alanfhall8953 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Effects of family violence on adolescent well-being