A cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions between its electrodes and electrolyte. A cell has a positive and negative terminal, pushing current from positive to negative. Multiple cells connected together form a battery. Common simple cells include the Leclanché cell with zinc, manganese dioxide, and ammonium chloride electrolyte, and the Daniell cell with copper, zinc, sulfuric acid, and copper sulfate electrolyte. Resistors are passive components that reduce and regulate current using a conductive element like carbon mixed with an insulator. The amount of carbon determines resistance, with more carbon resulting in lower resistance.

1. CELL AND
RESISTOR

2. • Cell is an "electrical power supply" - internally it converts stored
chemical energy into electrical potential energy, allowing a current to
flow from the positive terminal round to the negative in an external
circuit
• The positive terminal is called a cathode and the negative terminal is
called an anode. This current can be thought of as the flow of positive
charges, even though it is usually electrons, which have negative
charge that carry current in a copper wire circuit.
• Since the current is the flow of positive charge, the negative
electrons flow in the opposite direction to the (conventional) current
CELL

3. • A cell has two ends, labelled + (positive) and – (negative).
• A cell pushes the electric current from the positive terminal
round to the negative one.
• Two or more cells can be connected end-to-end to make a
battery. A typical cell has a voltage of 1.5 volts
SIMPLE CELL
A simple cell is a device that converts chemical energy into
electrical energy. A simple electric cell consists of two
electrodes and an electrolyte solution

4. The Leclanché cell is a battery invented by French scientist Georges
Leclanché
Thebatterycontainedelectrolyteof ammoniumchloride,a cathode of
carbondepolarizer of manganese dioxide and an anode (negative
terminal) of zinc
LECLANCHE CELL

5. DANIEL CELL
The Daniell cell is a type of electrochemical cell invented in
1836 by John Frederic Daniell, a British chemist
Consisted of a copper pot filled with a copper (II)
sulfate solution, in which was immersed an
unglazed earthenware container filled with sulfuric acid and a
zinc electrode.

6. RESISTOR
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines, among other use

7. The resistive element is made from a mixture of finely powdered
carbon and an insulating material, usually ceramic. A resin holds
the mixture together. The resistance is determined by the ratio of
the fill material (the powdered ceramic) to the carbon. Higher
concentrations of carbon, which is a good conductor, result in
lower resistance.
Resistor units. The electrical resistance of a resistor is measured
in ohms. The symbol for an ohm is the greek capital-omega: Ω.

8. Carbon colour code

9. • Carbon pile
• A carbon pile resistor is made of a stack of carbon disks
compressed between two metal contact plates.
• Adjusting the clamping pressure changes the resistance
between the plates.
• These resistors are used when an adjustable load is required,
for example in testing automotive batteries or radio
transmitters.
• A carbon pile resistor can also be used as a speed control for
small motors in household appliances
• The principle is also applied in the carbon microphone.
A carbon pile resistor can be incorporated in automatic voltage
regulators for generators, where the carbon pile controls the field
current to maintain relatively constant voltage