Different structure of heart and function of hematocyte.

1. BY: NUR AIN AMANI BINTI ABDUL MUBIN

8. 

Chambers
* Fish has two-chambered heart while reptile
and human have three-chambered heart
and four-chambered heart respectively.
Ventricle
* Fish and reptile have one ventricle while
human has two ventricles which are left
ventricle and right ventricle.

9. Separation between atrium and ventricle
* In fish, there is no separation between
atrium and ventricle while in reptile and
human, there are separation between atrium
and ventricle.
 Valves
* In fish and reptile, there is no valve present,
while in human, there are semilunar valves
(aortic and pulmonary) and atrioventricular
valve (right and left).


10. Vena cava
* Fish and reptile do not have vena cava while
human heart has vena cava.
 Sinus venosus
* Fish posses sinus venosus while reptile and
human do not posses sinus venosus.
 Myocardium
* In fish and reptile, the myocardium is
almost entirely spongy while in human, the
myocardium is entirely compact.


11. 



Fish, reptile and human posses two atria
which are right atrium and left atrium.
Fish, reptile and human have ventricles.
They also have pulmonary vein to help blood
flow from lung into the heart to be pumped
to all parts of body.
Reptile and human have pulmonary artery,
pulmonary vein, and aorta.

12. Fish and reptile do not have valves.
 Reptile and human does not have sinus
venosus.
 In reptile and human, there is separation
between atrium and ventricle.


13. Hematocyte is diverse cell types found in the
circulatory fluid of many animals.
 Haematocyte differs between insects and
vertebrates.
 In insects such as Drosophila, there are three
main classes of hematocyte which are
plasmocytes, lamellocytes and crystal cells.
 In vertebrates, there are erythrocytes,
lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and
thrombocytes.


14. Plasmocytes
Lamellocytes
* Small cells that uses
phagocytosis to engulf
foreign invaders.
* Large cells produced in
response to parasitic
infections.
Crystal cells
* Contain enzymes that
are used to lyse foreign
invaders.

15. Monocytes
Erythrocytes
* for storage and
transport oxygen
* repleneshing residence
macrophages and dendritic cells
under normal states
* Response to inflammation signals
Thrombocytes
* for blood clotting

16. Granulocytes
Lymphocytes
* Neutrophils engulf damaged
cells, microorganisms and other
foreign pathogens
* B lymphocytes make
antibodies
* Eosinophils act as delivery
vehicles for cytotoxic chemicals
* Basophils release toxin
chemicals that kill invading
microorganisms and other
parasites
* T lymphocytes bring
macrophages and neutrophils
to the site of infection,
release cytotoxic agents to
kill foreign cells and help B
cells to produce antibodies

17. Erythrocytes
Neutrophil
Lymphocytes
Eosinophil
Monocyte
Thrombocytes