@patrickstox
NOFOLLOW AND UGC AND SPONSORED
OH MY
@patrickstox
• Product Advisor, Technical SEO, &
Brand Ambassador at
• I wrote for Search Engine Land, now Ahrefs blog
• I speak at some conferences like SMX, Pubcon, UnGagged,
TechSEO Boost
• Organizer for the Raleigh SEO Meetup (most successful in US),
the Beer & SEO Meetup, the Raleigh SEO Conference, and
Findability Conference
• Judge: 2017/18/19 US Search Awards, 2017/18/19 UK Search
Awards, 2018/19 Interactive Marketing Awards
• Founder Technical SEO Slack Group (message me for invite)
• Moderator /r/TechSEO on Reddit
Who is Patrick Stox?
@patrickstox
A Brief History of Nofollow
With The Plot of Some Book/Movie
@patrickstox
In The Beginning
@patrickstox
Spam
@patrickstox
Google Landed In The Fight
@patrickstox
Everyone wanted Google’s PageRank
PageRank
@patrickstox
The Quest:
Add Nofollow Attributes
@patrickstox
https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/01/preventing-
comment-spam.html
They Needed Help To Fight The Spam
@patrickstox
https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/01/preventing-comment-
spam.html
Originally to combat comment spam
<a rel="nofollow“ href=“http://abc.com”>don’t trust</a>
Story 408:
Nofollow
@patrickstox
Brad Fitzpatrick - LiveJournal
Dave Winer - Scripting News
Anil Dash - Six Apart
Steve Jenson - Blogger
Matt Mullenweg - WordPress
Stewart Butterfield - Flickr
Anthony Batt - Buzznet
David Czarnecki - blojsom
Rael Dornfest - Blosxom
Mike Torres - MSN Spaces
Platforms Helped Them
@patrickstox
Ross Rader - Blogware
John Panzer - AOL Journals
Kevin Marks - of Technorati also added a draft formal spec for nofollow.
Reini Urban - PhpWiki
David Gorman - ModBlog
Arnab Nandi - Drupal
James Tauber - Leonardo
Jeremie Bouillon - points out a GPL plugin for Textpattern
Simon Brown - Pebble
Ilkka Huotari - Netdoc
Shaun Inman - ShortStat
Eaden McKee - bBlog
Yariv Habot - backBlog
John Lyons - enetation
Steven Roussey - Network54
Will Yardley - Dreambook
Samuel Klingen Daams - Travellerspoint
Even More Platforms Helped Them
@patrickstox
SEOs
The Journey Was Fraught With Peril
@patrickstox
Bought And Exchanged Links
@patrickstox
Spammed Article Sites, Directories, Press
Releases, Forum Links and Forum Profile Links
@patrickstox
PageRank Sculpting
@patrickstox
Widgets And Templates
@patrickstox
Web 2.0 Links And Tiered Linkbuilding
@patrickstox
https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/04/another-step-to-reward-high-quality.html
Google Fought Back: Penguin
Spam
@patrickstox
https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/05/more-guidance-
on-building-high-quality.html
More guidance on building high-quality sites (EAT)
Story 408: Recommended Reading
@patrickstox
Some Wizard Guy Sort Of Helped Everyone
@patrickstox
@patrickstox
You Either Die A Hero, Or You Live Long Enough
To See Yourself Become The Villain
@patrickstox
Businesses Shut Down,
SEOs Feared Google
@patrickstox
Links sellers, spam, and fear of penalties pushed
many sites to nofollow all links.
Many Sites Over-Reacted: Sitewide Nofollow
@patrickstox
I’m not going to name names, but this happened in many
niches and many countries.
There were lots of weird Penguin recovery strategies too.
In Some Cases Nofollowing Outbound Links
Became A Recommended Strategy
@patrickstox
Others Continued In Different Ways
@patrickstox
Redirecting Expired Domains Or Building On
Them
@patrickstox
It was popular especially among affiliates to route through a
path that was blocked from crawling or use JavaScript.
Hidden Links
@patrickstox
PBNs (Private Blog Networks)
@patrickstox
Guest Posting
@patrickstox
Google Now Penalizing Subdomains Leasing, Not Just
Subfolder Leasing
https://www.seroundtable.com/google-penalizing-subdomains-
leasing-28203.html
Subdomain Leasing
@patrickstox
Some Still Cling To The Old Ways
@patrickstox
Penguin no longer penalizes, it just ignores bad links
https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/09/penguin-is-now-part-of-our-core.html
They were already ignoring signals from many links like
affiliate links which they recommended people nofollow
Softer, Gentler Google
@patrickstox
https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/09/evolving-
nofollow-new-ways-to-identify.html
<a rel=“sponsored“ href=“http://abc.com”>I bought</a>
<a rel=“ugc“ href=“http://abc.com”>It wasn’t me</a>
New Attributes Sponsored And UGC
@patrickstox
rel="sponsored“
Mark links that are advertisements or paid placements
(commonly called paid links) as sponsored.
Sponsored
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/JohnMu/status/1224704243543814144
Sponsored Applies To Affiliante Links Also
@patrickstox
rel="ugc“
We recommend marking user-generated content (UGC) links,
such as comments and forum posts, as ugc.
UGC
@patrickstox
Within A Day, Barry Already Used The New
Attributes
@patrickstox
Ahrefs Added Support In Less Than 2 Days
@patrickstox
• Completely Ignored
• Was not used for crawling
• Did not pass signals
Nofollow Before For Google
@patrickstox
• PageRank
• Anchor Text
• ???
What Are Signals
@patrickstox
Treated as hints for Ranking
Same with Sponsored and UGC
Nofollow Now
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/nicoleldeleon/status/1225427452912185345
Is Nofollow Used For Ranking Yet?
@patrickstox
Will Also be treated as a hint for crawling and indexing
March 1, 2020
Nofollow Soon
@patrickstox
Anchor text likely greater signal gain than PageRank
The crawling and indexing part is even more important
Likely used for better spam identification
Range of values passed. Full, partial, none
Signals Speculation
@patrickstox
I need a rel=“meh” that passes partial signals.
***this is not a thing
What About Something For Those Of Us That
Can’t Decide
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/lilyraynyc/status/1181606837424029697
Google Missing 50% Of The Web
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/Marie_Haynes/status/1181606973004890112
Google Missing 50% Of The Web
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/jenstar/status/1181606557462609920
Google Missing 50% Of The Web
@patrickstox
It had become a common practice to nofollow all external links.
Wikipedia - 2007
News sites – Forbes, Inc, Entrepreneur, CNN, NFL
Many sites in certain countries
Why Did They Change Nofollow?
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/JohnMorabitoSEO/status/1181606513732751360
Why Did They Change Nofollow?
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/lilyraynyc/status/1181607939280257024
Kind Google: You Don’t Have To Change Anything
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/jenstar/status/1181607554725474304
Kind Google: You Don’t Have To Change Anything
@patrickstox
• 15.3% nofollow
• 0.44% ugc
• 0.1% sponsored
Data For Top 110k Sites By Ahrefs Rank
% Of Unique Domains Linking To Sites With Attribute
@patrickstox
• 10.6% nofollow
• 0.016% ugc
• 0.008% sponsored
Data For Top 110k Sites By Ahrefs Rank
External Link Totals
@patrickstox
• 38,841 / 110,000 nofollow
• 3,367 / 110,000 ugc
• 151 / 110,000 sponsored
Data For Top 110k Sites By Ahrefs Rank
Count Of Domains Using Attributes On Internal Links
@patrickstox
• 3.6% nofollow
• 0.0002% ugc
• 0.0016% sponsored
Data For Top 110k Sites By Ahrefs Rank
Internal Link Totals
@patrickstox
Share these #SMXInsights on your social channels!
• Websites are adopting ugc and sponsored
• Websites are likely overusing nofollow on external and internal
links
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/facan/status/1171477716673032192
Like Before, Partners Will Help Drive Adoption
Bing
@patrickstox
Ugc:
• 5,653 WordPress
• 7 Tiki Wiki
• 2 Wix
• 1 Drupal
• 1 SharePoint
Like Before, Partners Will Help Drive Adoption
*Alpha CMS identifier, out of 7,130 sites:
Sponsored:
• 1,842 WordPress
• 1 Wix
• 1 Tiki Wiki
@patrickstox
Added ugc in 5.3
https://www.searchenginejournal.com/wordpress-rel-nofollow-ugc/329109/
WordPress
@patrickstox
Without any incentives or penalties, adoption will likely be slow
This Might Take A While
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/GregGifford/status/1225427845759094785
Or Not:
@patrickstox
https://twitter.com/jesseseogeek/status/1225428039867215872
Google: Good SEOs, Here’s A Carrot
@patrickstox
What Else Should You Know
@patrickstox
rel="nofollow ugc“ – forum comments, blog comments
rel="ugc sponsored“ – advertorials, paid guest posts
You Can Use More Than One Attribute
@patrickstox
According to the HTML spec, they should use a space to
separate.
Google will handle spaces, commas, and other punctuation.
Rel Attributes Are Parsed With Flexible Standards
@patrickstox
You can’t use these new attributes at a page level like you
could with nofollow. They apply as attributes on specific links.
<a rel=“nofollow” href=“https://abc.com”>attributes can be added here</a>
Not Here: <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"/>
Tip: Don’t Confuse Link Attribute & Meta Robots
@patrickstox
Delete
Password Protection
Noindex (but not in robots.txt)
https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/6062602
Don’t Use Nofollow To Block Pages From Being
Indexed
@patrickstox
SEE YOU AT THE NEXT SMX!

Nofollow, UGC, and Sponsored Attributes