Running head: Summary of research articles Summary of research articles 3 Summary of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Studies Introduction Research articles use a standard format to provide information about a research study. Readers summarize research articles in order to take notes to remember about the article, or to include the article in their research papers. However, this paper presents a summary whose reason is to enable the reader provide a critique of two research articles. Summary of the quantitative research article The research article “Leaves Extract from Canarium odontophyllum Miq. (Dabai) Exhibits Cytotoxic Activity against Human Colorectal Cancer Cell HCT 116”, was written by Basri, Shabry, and Meng in their quest to determine the effectiveness of leaves extracts from Dabai plant in suppressing colorectal cancers. Research question and objective statement The aim of the research study was assess the cytotoxic effect of water, acetone and methanol extracts from the C. odontophyllum leaves against the HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma human cells using an assay of MTT. Hypotheses tested Leaves extracts from C. Odontophyllum belonging to the Burseraceae species family, have greater potential of acting as an anticancer agent to alleviate colorectal cancers. Research methods used The researcher used experimental method collect data on the cytotoxic effect of leaves extracts from C. odontophyllum on human HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Materials used were Leaves of C. odontophyllum, acetone, methanol, distilled water, Wagner’s reagent, 1M NaOH, 0.6M HCl, and H2SO4. Procedure Freshly imported C. odontophyllum leaves were cut into smaller pieces and dried in an oven at 45o for 24 hours. Dried leaves with constant masses were then grinded into powder using an electrical blender and then frozen at -24o to prevent contamination. Acetone, distilled water and methanol were used to extract the dried powder. 89.69 g of powdered extract were soaked in 450 ml of acetone and mixed using magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was filtered twice to obtain filtrates that were mixed and then filtered further using Whatman paper No. 43. The resulting crude extract was then dried in fume hood to obtain the acetone extract. Crude methanol was also obtained using the procedure. All the extracts obtained were then stored at 40 C for at later stages. Screening C. odontophyllum leaves for phytochemicals compound Three qualitative chemical tests were then used to identify active components in the extracts of concentrated acetone, aqueous and methanol solutions. The alkaloid identification test involved dissolving 5 mg of each extract in distilled water before adding 3 drops of Wagner’s reagent. The solution turns to a blue-black precipitate, which reveals a positive test. Tannin identification test involved ad.

1. Running head: Summary of research articles
Summary of research articles
3
Summary of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Studies
Introduction
Research articles use a standard format to provide information
about a research study. Readers summarize research articles in
order to take notes to remember about the article, or to include
the article in their research papers. However, this paper presents
a summary whose reason is to enable the reader provide a
critique of two research articles.
Summary of the quantitative research article
The research article “Leaves Extract from Canarium
odontophyllum Miq. (Dabai) Exhibits Cytotoxic Activity
against Human Colorectal Cancer Cell HCT 116”, was written
by Basri, Shabry, and Meng in their quest to determine the
effectiveness of leaves extracts from Dabai plant in suppressing
colorectal cancers.
Research question and objective statement
The aim of the research study was assess the cytotoxic effect of
water, acetone and methanol extracts from the C.
odontophyllum leaves against the HCT 116 colorectal
carcinoma human cells using an assay of MTT.
Hypotheses tested
Leaves extracts from C. Odontophyllum belonging to the
Burseraceae species family, have greater potential of acting as
an anticancer agent to alleviate colorectal cancers.

2. Research methods used
The researcher used experimental method collect data on the
cytotoxic effect of leaves extracts from C. odontophyllum on
human HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Materials used were
Leaves of C. odontophyllum, acetone, methanol, distilled water,
Wagner’s reagent, 1M NaOH, 0.6M HCl, and H2SO4.
Procedure
Freshly imported C. odontophyllum leaves were cut into smaller
pieces and dried in an oven at 45o for 24 hours. Dried leaves
with constant masses were then grinded into powder using an
electrical blender and then frozen at -24o to prevent
contamination. Acetone, distilled water and methanol were used
to extract the dried powder. 89.69 g of powdered extract were
soaked in 450 ml of acetone and mixed using magnetic stirrer at
room temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was filtered twice
to obtain filtrates that were mixed and then filtered further
using Whatman paper No. 43. The resulting crude extract was
then dried in fume hood to obtain the acetone extract. Crude
methanol was also obtained using the procedure. All the
extracts obtained were then stored at 40 C for at later stages.
Screening C. odontophyllum leaves for phytochemicals
compound
Three qualitative chemical tests were then used to identify
active components in the extracts of concentrated acetone,
aqueous and methanol solutions. The alkaloid identification test
involved dissolving 5 mg of each extract in distilled water
before adding 3 drops of Wagner’s reagent. The solution turns
to a blue-black precipitate, which reveals a positive test. Tannin
identification test involved addition of 2 mg of each extract in 5
mL of distilled water to a few drops of 15 % Fecl3. The solution
formed both brownish green and blue-black precipitates that
indicated the presence of condensed tannin and hydrolysable
tannin respectively.
Flavonoid identification test involved dissolving 2 mg of each

3. extract was in 1M NaOH followed by drops of 0.6M HCl. The
screened extracts were then analyzed for their cytotoxic effect
on human colorectal carcinoma cells HCT 116 using MTT
assay. The Researcher analyzed his findings and data using
three tables and four graphs.
Results and discussion
Distilled water produced the highest percentage yield of 7.61%
while acetone had the lowest percentage yield of 3.48%. The
results indicated that distilled water is the best solvent for
extracting extracts from C. odontophyllum leaves. Besides,
acetone extracts had the lowest IC50 of 0.08+/- 0.003 mg/mL.
However, there was no significance difference in the cytotoxic
activity of extracts from acetone and methanol. Results from
Phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence
of flavonoid, tannin and terpenoid. The constituents relate for
their cytotoxic activities and act as antioxidants. Furthermore,
MTT assay results exhibited the capability of all the leaf
extracts to inhibit the growth of HCT 116 cells.
Implications of the results
Results on the cytotoxic effect of C. odontophyllum leaves
extracts against the growth of HCT116 cells provides a way for
further studies to determine how they kill cancerous cells and
how to utilize active compounds from the Dabai plant
.
Summary of the qualitative research article
The qualitative research article “At-Risk Students and
Technology Education: A Qualitative Study”, was written by
Cardon following his enquiry into the reason why at-risk
students in secondary education want to remain in school.

4. Research question
The study aimed at establishing how at-risk students respond to
programs of technological education and why at-risk students in
technological courses
.
Objective statement
Main objective of the study was to describe, explore and
examine how at-risk students interact and experience with the
curriculum of technology education.
Hypotheses tested
Most At-risk students enroll and perform well in technological,
math and hands on courses than other courses in an environment
that helps them to be successful.
Research methods
The researcher used observations, interviews and triangulation
of evidence that involved member checking, to collect data on
at-risk students’ experience with technological courses.
Procedure
The researcher used purposeful sampling to select eight at-risk
participant students and obtained the evidence through
observations and interviews. Evidence from observations was
collected daily for six months while interviews were conducted
during times convenient to the respondents. The study validated
the credibility of the obtained evidence through persistent
observation, prolonged engagement, and triangulation methods.

5. Analysis of the evidence was then done using NUD*IST(r)
software which uses emerging themes to compile the evidence.
Findings and discussion
Knowledge construction is part of the learning program to
enable at-risk student understand and how to work with the
concepts of materials, planning, and processes. The study
revealed that hands-on learning was effective in teaching the at-
risk students than both lecture and book work methods. Besides,
findings showed that, knowledge construction for learners in
technological courses included the use of hands-on techniques
to know how to work with industrial processes and materials.
At-risk students opt for technology courses in order to obtain
technological skills to help them in future.
Implications of findings
Curriculum factors of schools influence the staying of at-risk
students in school. Curricula developers should include hands-
on learning based on problem solving activities in school
curricula in order to enable the at-risk students to learn the
material and perform better. Besides, curricula developers
should integrate mathematics and science with technology
education to improve performance of at-risk students
Conclusion
Research articles follow standard format of writing: title,
abstract, introduction, data collection and analysis methods,
results, discussion and finally references. Subject, to this
format, some papers may be lengthy, wordy and difficult for
readers to read with comfort. Thus summarizing the research
article will help the reader to read the article easily and quickly
in future. Besides, writers and other researchers can use the
summarized articles to write their research papers or write a
critique of the research article.
References
Basri DF, Shabry ASM, Meng CK (2015). Leaves Extract from

6. Canarium odontophyllum Miq.
(Dabai) Exhibits Cytotoxic Activity against Human Colorectal
Cancer Cell HCT 116. Nat
Prod Chem Res 3: 166. doi:10.4172/2329- 6836.100016
Cardon P. (2001). At-Risk Students and Technology Education:
A Qualitative Study. Cardon’s
research centers. The Journal of Technology Studies, Vol 1 No
2
Psychology Writing Center, Summarizing a research article
1997-2006. University of
Washington
�The focus of this assignment was just to summarize. You will
begin your critique in the next assignment.
�The procedure you outlined above dealt specifically with the
processes used to identify water as the best fluid to use in this
process – yet your results deal with the extracts themselves.
This is very confusing.
�Nothing in the previous sections tells me what the connection
is between the leaf extracts and cancer – or what value this may
be to nursing.
�Why they what? This is an incomplete thought

7. Critique of Research Studies Instructions
Directions:
Complete a critique of the quantitative and qualitative articles
that were submitted in Topic 3.
This assignment will be completed in three parts. Refer to the
information below as a guide to the information that should be
included in each part.
Follow the guidelines for the quantitative and qualitative article
critiques in Chapter 5, Box 5.2, pages 112-114 and Box 5.3,
pages 115-117 of the textbook or the Research Critique
Additional Template Resource.
1) Utilize a central heading to indicate that what follows is the
critique of the articles.
2) The side headings of the critique for each article should
follow the headings in Box 5.2 and 5.3.
3) Note that within these BASIC guidelines, there are additional
references to Detailed Critiquing Guidelines found in various
boxes in chapters focused on the various elements of a research
study report. Use these to expand the research study and to
learn specific terminology appropriate to the critique of
research.
When turning in the final submission, please put in the
following order: Quantitative Article Critique, Qualitative
Article Critique, References (should include the two articles,
the text, and any other additional sources).
Critique of Research Studies – Part 1: Due Topic 4
For Part 1 of the critique, focus only on the following segments
for each article:
Quantitative
Qualitative
· Title
· Title
· Abstract
· Abstract
· Introduction

8. · Introduction
· Statement of the problem
· Statement of the problem
· Hypotheses or research questions
· Research questions
· Literature review
· Literature review
· Conceptual/theoretical framework
· Conceptual underpinnings
Critique of Research Studies – Part 2: Due Topic 6
For Part 2 of the critique, focus only on the following segments
for each article:
Quantitative
Qualitative
· Method
· Method
· Protection of human rights
· Protection of participants’ rights
· Research design
· Research design and research tradition
· Population and sample
· Sample and setting
· Data collection and measurement
· Data collection
· Procedures
· Procedures
· Enhancement of trustworthiness
Critique of Research Studies - Part 3: Due Topic 8
For Part 3 of the critique, focus only on the following segments
for each article:
Quantitative
Qualitative
· Results

9. · Results
· Data analysis
· Data analysis
· Findings
· Reliability and Validity
· Findings
· Discussion
· Theoretical integrations
· Interpretation of findings
· Discussion
· Implications/recommendations
· Interpretation of the findings
· Global Issues
· Implications/recommendations
· Presentation
· Global Issues
· Researcher credibility
· Presentation
· Summary assessment
· Researcher credibility
· Summary assessment
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