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CURSO : ÁLGEBRA - TEMA : LOGARITMO
El logaritmo de un número N en una base “b”
es el exponente a que debe elevarse la base
para obtener el número N.
log N = x N = b
Se debe cumplir : b = 1 ; N > 0
Donde :
b = base del logaritmo
N = número al cual se aplica el logaritmo
x= logaritmo
Ejemplos
a.- Calcular log 243
Log 243 = x ; 243 = 3
3 = 3
Por tanto x = 5
Entonces log 243 = 5 Rta
b
3
3
b.- Calcular “x”
Log (2x+ 3) = 2
Log ( 2x+3 ) = 2 (2x+3) = 3
2x+3 = 9
2x = 9 - 3
2x = 6 ; x = 3 Rta
Propiedades de Logaritmos
1.- Log N = 1
Ejm : Log 5 = 1
2.- Log 1 = 0
Ejm : Log 1 = 0
3
N
3
2
5
b
5
3.- Log ( AxB) = Log A + Log B
Ejem :
Log (5x8) = Log 5 + Log 8
4.- Log A = Log A - Log B
B
Ejm : Log 7 = Log 7 – Log 3
3
5.- Log A = x Log A
Ejm
Log 12 = 3 Log 12
b b b
2 2 2
b b b
2 2 2
b
x
b
5
3
5
x
x
3
5
5 x
6.- Log A = 1 Log A
x
Ejm :
Log 12 = 1 Log 12
7.- b = N
Ejm :
6 = 5
8.- Log N . Log x = Log N
Ejm
Log 6 . Log 5 = Log 5
bx
32 3
2
Log
N
b
Log 5
6
x b b
5 3 3
9.- Log a . Log b = 1
Ejm :
Log 7 . Log 2 = 1
Cologaritmo
colog N = Log 1 = - log N
N
Ejm
colog 7 = - log 7
b a
2 7
b b b
2 2
Antilogaritmo
antilog N = b
Ejm
antilog 12 = 2
Propiedad
1.- antilog ( log N ) = N
2.- antilog ( colog N ) = 1
N
3.- colog ( antilog N ) = -
N
b
N
2
12
b b
b b
b b
b
Ln 3 = 2,3026 Log 3
EJEMPLOS DE APLICACIÓN DE LOGARITMOS
1.- Si : Log b = 4 y Log c = 6
Calcula log ( bc )
Resolución
Se sabe : log b . Log c = Log c
( 4 ) . ( 6 ) = log c
Se tiene :
log ( b c ) = log b + log c
= 1 log b + 5 log c
2 2
= 1 ( 4 ) + 5 ( 24)
2 2
= 4 + 120
2 2
= 2 + 60 = 62 Rta
a b
a
2c
5
a a
b
a
2
a
5
a a
2 2
5
a
a
2.- Calcular : log 32.log a = log c. log b . Log x
Resolución
moviendo los términos y dándole forma se tiene
log 32.log a = log c. log x. log b
log 32.log a = log b
log 32.log a = 1
log 32 = 1
log a
log 32 = log x
32 = x Rta
a x
b c
x
c x
b
x
a
x
a
b
a x
a
x
a a
b
3.- Sea log 5 = 0,699 , calcula
M = log 64 + ln 2e
Resolución
Se tiene log 64 = log 2 = 6log 2
= 6(log 10 – log 5 )
= 6( 1 - log 5)
= 6( 1 - 0,699 )
= 6 ( 0,301 )
= 1,806
También
ln 2e = ln 2 + ln e
Se sabe: ln a = 2,3026. log a
= 2,3026 log 2 + 1
= 2,3026 (log 10 – log5 ) + 1
= 2,3026 ( 1 - 0,699) + 1
= 2,3026 (0,301) + 1
= 0,6930 + 1 = 1,6930
Remplazando en M
M = 1,806 + 1,6930 ; M = 3,4999 Rta
6
4.- Si log 16 = 1 Determinar log 48
5 a
Resolución
5 a = 1
log 16
5 a = log 32
5 a = log 2
5 a = 5 log 2
a = log 2
Pide hallar
log 48 = log (12 x 4 )
= log 12 + log 4
= Log (6x2) + log 2
= Log 6 + log 2+ 2(1)
2 16 4
= 1 log 6 + a +1
4 2
32
32
4
16
5
16
16
16
12
16 16
16 16
2
2
16
2
1( log 3 + log 2) + 1
+a
4 2
1log 3 + 1 + 1 + a
4 4 2
1 log 3 + 3 + a
4 4
2 2
2
4
2
5.- Calcula el valor de :
colog 8 + antilog 8 + log 5 . Log 8
Resolución
Se sabe : colog N = - log N
Ademas
antilog N = b
Entonces
colog 8 + antilog 8 + log 5 . Log 8
- log 8 + 3 + log 8
3 Rta.
3 3 3 5
b b
b
N
3 3 3 5
8
3
3
Resolución
x = log 3
3
81
x = log 3
3
3
x = log 3 (3)
x = log 3
x = log 3
1
3
4
4/
3
1
3
1
3
1 + 4
3
1
3
1
3
7
3
Se sabe : log N = x N =
b
log 3 = x ; 3 = 1
3
3 = ( 3 )
3 = 3
7 = - x
3
- 7 = x
3
b
x
1
3
7
3
7
3 x
7
3
-1
x
-x
7
3
8
TAREA DE LOGARITMOS
Pagina
136
Log a b. Log b C= Log aC
3 . 5 =15
Log (bc ) = Log b + Log c
1 Log b + 5 Log c
2 2
= ½ (3) + 5/2(15)
= 3/2+30/2 =33/2 = 16.5
a
2
5
a
2
a
2
5
a a
Log 64. log a = log c. Log b . Log
x
Log 64 = Log X. Log b Log c
Log 64 = Log C
Log 64 = 1
X=64
Log X = Log 64 = 6
a x b x c
x c x b
c
x
x
2
2
Pagina
137
Se tiene log 25 = log 5 = 2log 5
= 2(log 10 – log 2 )
= 2( 1 - log 2)
= 2( 1 - 0,301 )
= 2 (0.699)
= 1,398
También
ln 5e = ln 5 + ln e
Se sabe: ln a = 2,3026. log a
= 2,3026 log 5 + 1
= 2,3026 (log 10 – log2 ) + 1
= 2,3026 ( 1 - 0,301) + 1
= 2,3026 (0,699) + 1
= 1.6095 + 1 = 2,6095
Remplazando en M
M = 1,398 + 2,6095 ; M = 4.0075 Rta
2
4 a = 1
log 12
4 a = log 16
4 a = log 2
4 a = 4 log 2
a = log 2
Pide hallar
log 96 = log (12 x 8 )
= log 12 + log 8
= Log (6x2) + log 2
= Log 3 + Log 2 + Log 2 + 3 Log 2
= Log 3 +a + a + 3a = log 3 +5a
16
12
12
4
12
12
12 12
12
3
12
12 12 12 12
12 12
Pagina
138
Colog 9 + antilog 9 + log 5.log 9
-2 + 3 + log 9
-2 +3 + 2
3 = Rpta
3 3 3 5
9
3
9
9

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Logarit 4-21

  • 1. CURSO : ÁLGEBRA - TEMA : LOGARITMO El logaritmo de un número N en una base “b” es el exponente a que debe elevarse la base para obtener el número N. log N = x N = b Se debe cumplir : b = 1 ; N > 0 Donde : b = base del logaritmo N = número al cual se aplica el logaritmo x= logaritmo Ejemplos a.- Calcular log 243 Log 243 = x ; 243 = 3 3 = 3 Por tanto x = 5 Entonces log 243 = 5 Rta b 3 3 b.- Calcular “x” Log (2x+ 3) = 2 Log ( 2x+3 ) = 2 (2x+3) = 3 2x+3 = 9 2x = 9 - 3 2x = 6 ; x = 3 Rta Propiedades de Logaritmos 1.- Log N = 1 Ejm : Log 5 = 1 2.- Log 1 = 0 Ejm : Log 1 = 0 3 N 3 2 5 b 5 3.- Log ( AxB) = Log A + Log B Ejem : Log (5x8) = Log 5 + Log 8 4.- Log A = Log A - Log B B Ejm : Log 7 = Log 7 – Log 3 3 5.- Log A = x Log A Ejm Log 12 = 3 Log 12 b b b 2 2 2 b b b 2 2 2 b x b 5 3 5 x x 3 5 5 x
  • 2. 6.- Log A = 1 Log A x Ejm : Log 12 = 1 Log 12 7.- b = N Ejm : 6 = 5 8.- Log N . Log x = Log N Ejm Log 6 . Log 5 = Log 5 bx 32 3 2 Log N b Log 5 6 x b b 5 3 3 9.- Log a . Log b = 1 Ejm : Log 7 . Log 2 = 1 Cologaritmo colog N = Log 1 = - log N N Ejm colog 7 = - log 7 b a 2 7 b b b 2 2 Antilogaritmo antilog N = b Ejm antilog 12 = 2 Propiedad 1.- antilog ( log N ) = N 2.- antilog ( colog N ) = 1 N 3.- colog ( antilog N ) = - N b N 2 12 b b b b b b b Ln 3 = 2,3026 Log 3
  • 3. EJEMPLOS DE APLICACIÓN DE LOGARITMOS 1.- Si : Log b = 4 y Log c = 6 Calcula log ( bc ) Resolución Se sabe : log b . Log c = Log c ( 4 ) . ( 6 ) = log c Se tiene : log ( b c ) = log b + log c = 1 log b + 5 log c 2 2 = 1 ( 4 ) + 5 ( 24) 2 2 = 4 + 120 2 2 = 2 + 60 = 62 Rta a b a 2c 5 a a b a 2 a 5 a a 2 2 5 a a 2.- Calcular : log 32.log a = log c. log b . Log x Resolución moviendo los términos y dándole forma se tiene log 32.log a = log c. log x. log b log 32.log a = log b log 32.log a = 1 log 32 = 1 log a log 32 = log x 32 = x Rta a x b c x c x b x a x a b a x a x a a b
  • 4. 3.- Sea log 5 = 0,699 , calcula M = log 64 + ln 2e Resolución Se tiene log 64 = log 2 = 6log 2 = 6(log 10 – log 5 ) = 6( 1 - log 5) = 6( 1 - 0,699 ) = 6 ( 0,301 ) = 1,806 También ln 2e = ln 2 + ln e Se sabe: ln a = 2,3026. log a = 2,3026 log 2 + 1 = 2,3026 (log 10 – log5 ) + 1 = 2,3026 ( 1 - 0,699) + 1 = 2,3026 (0,301) + 1 = 0,6930 + 1 = 1,6930 Remplazando en M M = 1,806 + 1,6930 ; M = 3,4999 Rta 6 4.- Si log 16 = 1 Determinar log 48 5 a Resolución 5 a = 1 log 16 5 a = log 32 5 a = log 2 5 a = 5 log 2 a = log 2 Pide hallar log 48 = log (12 x 4 ) = log 12 + log 4 = Log (6x2) + log 2 = Log 6 + log 2+ 2(1) 2 16 4 = 1 log 6 + a +1 4 2 32 32 4 16 5 16 16 16 12 16 16 16 16 2 2 16 2 1( log 3 + log 2) + 1 +a 4 2 1log 3 + 1 + 1 + a 4 4 2 1 log 3 + 3 + a 4 4 2 2 2 4 2
  • 5. 5.- Calcula el valor de : colog 8 + antilog 8 + log 5 . Log 8 Resolución Se sabe : colog N = - log N Ademas antilog N = b Entonces colog 8 + antilog 8 + log 5 . Log 8 - log 8 + 3 + log 8 3 Rta. 3 3 3 5 b b b N 3 3 3 5 8 3 3 Resolución x = log 3 3 81 x = log 3 3 3 x = log 3 (3) x = log 3 x = log 3 1 3 4 4/ 3 1 3 1 3 1 + 4 3 1 3 1 3 7 3 Se sabe : log N = x N = b log 3 = x ; 3 = 1 3 3 = ( 3 ) 3 = 3 7 = - x 3 - 7 = x 3 b x 1 3 7 3 7 3 x 7 3 -1 x -x 7 3 8
  • 6. TAREA DE LOGARITMOS Pagina 136 Log a b. Log b C= Log aC 3 . 5 =15 Log (bc ) = Log b + Log c 1 Log b + 5 Log c 2 2 = ½ (3) + 5/2(15) = 3/2+30/2 =33/2 = 16.5 a 2 5 a 2 a 2 5 a a Log 64. log a = log c. Log b . Log x Log 64 = Log X. Log b Log c Log 64 = Log C Log 64 = 1 X=64 Log X = Log 64 = 6 a x b x c x c x b c x x 2 2
  • 7. Pagina 137 Se tiene log 25 = log 5 = 2log 5 = 2(log 10 – log 2 ) = 2( 1 - log 2) = 2( 1 - 0,301 ) = 2 (0.699) = 1,398 También ln 5e = ln 5 + ln e Se sabe: ln a = 2,3026. log a = 2,3026 log 5 + 1 = 2,3026 (log 10 – log2 ) + 1 = 2,3026 ( 1 - 0,301) + 1 = 2,3026 (0,699) + 1 = 1.6095 + 1 = 2,6095 Remplazando en M M = 1,398 + 2,6095 ; M = 4.0075 Rta 2 4 a = 1 log 12 4 a = log 16 4 a = log 2 4 a = 4 log 2 a = log 2 Pide hallar log 96 = log (12 x 8 ) = log 12 + log 8 = Log (6x2) + log 2 = Log 3 + Log 2 + Log 2 + 3 Log 2 = Log 3 +a + a + 3a = log 3 +5a 16 12 12 4 12 12 12 12 12 3 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
  • 8. Pagina 138 Colog 9 + antilog 9 + log 5.log 9 -2 + 3 + log 9 -2 +3 + 2 3 = Rpta 3 3 3 5 9 3 9 9